Sustainable Horizons最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced short-duration precipitation and divergent rainfall spatial patterns of Typhoon Nida (2016) under the impact of urbanization","authors":"Xiaowen Huang ,&nbsp;Long Yang ,&nbsp;Laurent Z.X. Li ,&nbsp;Dashan Wang ,&nbsp;Maofeng Liu ,&nbsp;Yibing Su ,&nbsp;Zhenzhong Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropical cyclones (TCs), when approaching coasts and after landfalling, may exhibit significant interactions with heavily urbanized surfaces. Despite numerous studies, the effects of urbanization on TCs and their landfalling processes remain insufficiently explored. Typhoon Nida, landfalling in the Pearl River Delta region on August 1, 2016, provides an interesting case for us to revisit the issue. We use the Weather Research and Forecasting model in paired numerical experiments to isolate the urban effects. Urban land cover has a small impact on the track and the intensity of the typhoon. Urban effect on landfalling precipitation in this event is mainly profound in changing rainfall spatial patterns rather than the average rain rate. The accumulated precipitation and the rain rate of the major urban area are reduced. During different stages of the TC rapid movement, enhanced precipitation is observed at the downwind and upwind regions within a short duration. The increase in surface temperature and sensible heat flux enhances thermal circulation; however, this effect is weakened under the strong synoptic background during landfall. Increasing urban surface roughness decelerates airflows and enhances updrafts along the urban boundaries, producing enhanced water vapor convergence and bifurcated winds, increasing downwind precipitation with a maximum value of 46.17 mm in 6 h. Throughout the TC rapid movement, urban modification on precipitation patterns displays high spatial variability over short periods. The study raises concern about more extreme hazards occurring in multiple locations over urban areas caused by urban-induced TC rainfall redistribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy storage systems: Comparisons, environmental impacts, selection criteria, and bibliometric analysis for large-scale applications","authors":"Hegazy Rezk ,&nbsp;Hesham Alhumade ,&nbsp;Montaser Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Enas Taha Sayed ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem ,&nbsp;Abdul Ghani Olabi","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the severe environmental impact of fossil fuels, price variation, and limited availability of resources, renewable energy sources are recognized as the optimal option to overcome such issues. However, due to their inherent intermittent power generation nature, ESSs “energy storage systems” have been introduced to enable the efficient employment of such resources. In this paper, various ESSs are discussed in detail in terms of their operating principles, maturity levels, policies, advantages, and disadvantages, as well as the associated environmental impacts. Furthermore, the selection criteria required for choosing the suitable ESS are examined, including technical, economic, environmental, and social aspects. In addition, a bibliometric analysis is conducted to investigate the progress in the field of large-scale ESSs, highlighting research trends, hotspots, keyword occurrences, and countries' contributions. Results show that there is a continuous growth in this domain, reaching 2522 publications in 2024, while the most occurring keyword related to ESS devices is sodium-ion batteries, followed by thermal energy storage and supercapacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water–energy–food nexus security and new quality productive forces in China: Coupling coordination and drivers","authors":"Yuxiang Ma ,&nbsp;Jijun Meng ,&nbsp;Ziyan Han ,&nbsp;Qiaoling Wang ,&nbsp;Mengcheng Wang ,&nbsp;Qi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural resources underpin the development of New Quality Productive Forces (NQPF) by providing essential elements and spatial foundations, whereas NQPF acts as the primary engine for the sustainable use of these resources. However, the coordinated advancement of both represents a crucial, yet underexplored, research topic. This paper pioneers a theoretical framework for the coupled system encompassing the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus and NQPF. Employing methods including Game Theory Combination Weighting, the Coupling Coordination Degree Model (CCDM), and Machine Learning (ML) models, we analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of the coupling coordination between China's WEF Nexus security and NQPF development from 2012 to 2022, along with the driving mechanisms underlying their spatial variations. Key findings reveal: (1) A consistent upward trend in the coupling coordination degree (CCD) of the provincial WEF Nexus-NQPF system in China between 2012 and 2022, with the spatial pattern of coordination levels evolving through \"core-periphery\" leaps and clustering. (2) By constructing an evaluation framework incorporating resource availability, economic affordability, social acceptability, resource accessibility, and environmental sustainability, this study offers systematic insights for WEF Nexus security research that move beyond isolated assessments. (3) Based on the analysis of region-specific driving mechanisms, targeted development strategies are proposed for different regions to enhance the system's coupling coordination. This research provides valuable insights for promoting synergistic development between the WEF Nexus-NQPF system and high-quality development goals, harmonizing human-environment interactions, and contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Eyed Seeing as a didaktik model in Education for Sustainability","authors":"Jesper Sjöström ,&nbsp;Paul Clucas ,&nbsp;Ingo Eilks","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this perspective article we argue that Two-Eyed Seeing (TES) can be seen as a <em>didaktik model</em> useful in Education for Sustainability (EfS). A didaktik model can be seen as a theory-based professional tool for teachers. As a basis for describing TES as a didaktik model we expand the theoretical background of TES by relating it to also other ideas, such as a comparison of Western modern worldviews with Indigenous knowledge, Confucian ecological ethics, and conceptulizations of eco-<em>Bildung</em>. The article includes also a practical example which can be regarded as TES in practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven modeling indicates projected increase in plant production confines warming-induced topsoil organic carbon change in China within a small range in the 21st Century","authors":"Huiwen Li ,&nbsp;Yue Cao ,&nbsp;Yiping Wu ,&nbsp;Shuguang Liu ,&nbsp;Wenzhi Zhao ,&nbsp;Guoyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Jingfeng Xiao ,&nbsp;Georgii Alexandrov ,&nbsp;Linjing Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the topsoil, the most sensitive part of soil profile to climate change, under future climate trajectories is vital for achieving carbon neutrality in China. However, large uncertainties and controversies exist in Earth System Model (ESM) simulations. We used a data-driven model to assess the responses of SOC to future climate change and quantified the critical biomass carbon input (i.e., net primary production, NPP) to preserve the current SOC level. Our results suggest that future warming alone may reduce the national topsoil organic carbon stock by 605.3 Tg C (1.72 %) by the end of the 21st century under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5). However, the projected increase in precipitation cannot offset the negative impact of warming under all climate trajectories. We estimate that 18.5 %, 38.0 %, and 46.5 % of additional NPP are required in the 2030s, 2060s, and 2090s to offset the national SOC loss under RCP8.5, respectively. Further simulations driven by the NPP projections of ESMs suggest that the increasing NPP can confine warming-induced SOC loss within a small range and even slightly increase SOC in the 2090s under RCP4.5 and 8.5. Nevertheless, SOC dynamics show large spatial discrepancy, and regions with high SOC levels, especially Northeast and Southwest of China, have a high potential of losing carbon and deserve more attention. This work extends our knowledge about the future dynamics of topsoil organic carbon in China and can be a reference for current ESMs to produce more robust regional predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Carbon Sink Conservation Areas (CSCAs) as a land use strategy for climate change mitigation","authors":"Tianyu Wang ,&nbsp;Wenze Yue ,&nbsp;Tong Wu ,&nbsp;Jinhui Xiong ,&nbsp;Haoxuan Xia ,&nbsp;Bo Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving global “carbon neutrality” necessitates maximizing the carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystems. While the importance of enhancing terrestrial carbon sequestration is widely acknowledged, translating this goal into effective land use policies at local scales remains a significant challenge. This study proposes a novel, grid-based strategy for establishing Carbon Sink Conservation Areas (CSCAs) that explicitly considers the projected impacts of future climate change on carbon sequestration potential. Using an integrated modeling approach incorporating the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) and the Land Use and Carbon Scenario Simulator (LUCAS), we evaluated the carbon sequestration dynamics under various land use scenarios. Our results demonstrate that incorporating strategically designated CSCAs can enhance carbon sequestration by an additional 1,180–1,900 kt C over the simulation period. Analysis of interannual variability highlights a substantial increase in the carbon sequestration benefits of CSCAs strategy post-2027, indicating its long-term efficacy. Our analysis further indicates that, by 2035, future land use changes guided solely by China's Ecological Conservation Red Line (ECR) strategy are projected to become a carbon source. In contrast, adopting CSCAs can reverse this trajectory, enabling land use across the entire region to function as a carbon sink. These findings provide a robust scientific basis for informing land use planning and policy decisions aimed at mitigating climate change through enhanced terrestrial carbon sequestration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 through sustainable groundwater use in the Water-Energy-Food Nexus perspective in arid areas","authors":"Rudy Rossetto ,&nbsp;Giacomo Vescovo ,&nbsp;Mohamed Bahnassy ,&nbsp;Osama Abd El-Kawy ,&nbsp;Rasha Badr El-Din ,&nbsp;Hossam M. El-Sayed ,&nbsp;Fernando Nardi","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a groundwater-based strategy for achieving UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 Water and Sanitation in arid, data-scarce regions through a Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus modelling approach. A density-dependent groundwater flow model, built using the FREEWAT-Q3 platform and SEAWAT code, evaluated the sustainability of groundwater use for both drinking and irrigation in Wadi Naghamish area (Egypt), in a region challenged by chronic water scarcity and socio-economic vulnerability. The implemented model simulated groundwater dynamics, seawater intrusion, and groundwater salinity changes under various conditions, including climate change scenarios up to a 30% reduction in aquifer rainfall recharge. Results showed that a groundwater withdrawal scheme using two wells at 24 L/s total capacity remained sustainable, with minimal impact on aquifer balance and salinity (TDS changes less than 1 g/L). Groundwater pumping combined with partial desalination was found to be far more energy-efficient and climate-friendly than full seawater desalination. Groundwater-based systems produced 226 kg/day of CO₂ emissions using diesel and only 42 kg/day with renewables—compared to 1301 kg/day and 241 kg/day, respectively, for seawater desalination. The proposed irrigation system could transform local agriculture by irrigating about 45 hectares for two cropping seasons a year, boosting food production and societal resilience. The proposed WEF Nexus approach ensures that water, energy, and food production systems are harmonized, avoiding sectoral trade-offs. Additionally, we demonstrated that the integration of traditional water practices like <em>jessour</em> may enhance sustainability. Beyond SDG 6, our results support the achievement of SDGs 1, 2, 3, and 13. The Wadi Naghamish case exemplifies how groundwater Nexus-based planning can guide low-carbon, sustainable water solutions—though enhanced data collection is essential to validate and to scale such planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability of rare earth elements consumption in a circular economy perspective","authors":"Mejame Palle Paul Mejame,&nbsp;David King,&nbsp;Yinghe He","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rare Earth Elements (REEs) play a crucial role in emerging high technologies in the information and telecommunication industries, as well as the renewable and energy efficiency sectors. They are essential for achieving high speed, performance, durability, and low carbon emissions in these industries due to their unique chemical and physical properties. The growing environmental concerns and increasing demand for REEs, combined with limited sourcing locations, pose a significant risk of supply disruption. Despite this threat, there is a lack of comprehensive assessment of the environmental impact and benefits of sustainable consumption of these metals, especially in terms of improving resource efficiency strategies. To address these challenges, a study was conducted to evaluate the sustainability of REEs consumption in Australia using a holistic and systematic approach based on the circular economy (CE) model. This involved developing a sustainability framework and an implementation strategy to close the material loop and minimise the adverse impacts of resource shortages while maximising environmental benefits. The study included (a) analysing the life cycle of REEs material consumption, (b) conducting a material flow analysis to link resource use to environmental impacts, and (c) considering interactions between people and the environment. Key metrics for resource efficiency in a sustainable development framework, including materials use, energy demand, and greenhouse gas emissions, were used to determine the potential environmental impacts. The study's findings are significant as they enable the evaluation of existing resource efficiency strategies for REEs and provide recommendations to enhance sustainability outcomes in Australia for global uptake. The study demonstrates the application of circular economy as a sustainable strategy to mitigate and transform resource use to minimise environmental and socio-economic impacts by improving resource efficiency and promoting sustainable consumption patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking sustainability in the EU food system: A regional analysis of sectoral carbon emission drivers and SDG-12 performance","authors":"Mohammad Fazle Rabbi","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The European Union's food system presents critical challenges and opportunities for achieving climate neutrality, marked by uneven progress in reducing carbon emissions across production, processing, and consumption stages. To understand the relationships, drivers, and relative performance regarding carbon emissions within food sectors and the level of achievement concerning SDG-12 targets, this study analyzes these aspects across 12 EU nations between 2010 and 2024 using correlation networks, followed by decomposition analysis, and TOPSIS rankings. Food processing emerges as the largest emission source, averaging 9982.25 kt CO₂, with extreme variability (SD = 12,851.73) between low-impact artisanal operations (25th percentile: 1350.37 kt) and fossil fuel-dependent industrial clusters (75th percentile: 12,067.52 kt). Household consumption exhibits the widest disparity, spanning 54.76 to 33,062.66 kt CO₂, driven by affluent diets and inefficient appliances, while agricultural emissions remain significant in regions reliant on fossil fuels (interquartile range: 1599.58–9734.78 kt). Systemic interdependencies reveal circular economy gaps, with packaging strongly correlating to raw material use (<em>r</em> = 0.88) and waste disposal linked to consumption footprints (<em>r</em> = 0.93). TOPSIS rankings expose regional divides: Western Industrial clusters excel in waste management (e.g., 99.89 % efficiency) and energy productivity, whereas Eastern Transitional economies lag due to structural inefficiencies like low circular material use (12.35 %). Decomposition analysis identifies industrial expansion as a key driver of emission spikes (+0.05 structural effects) and underscores sustainability gaps in Sweden (−0.08 sustainability effects), driven by hazardous waste inefficiencies and renewable energy adoption delays. Targeted interventions include retrofitting high-emitting food processors exceeding the 75th percentile (≥12,067.52 kt) with solar technologies, subsidizing precision farming tools for fossil fuel-dependent farms (≥9734.78 kt) and leveraging cross-border carbon credit systems. Consumer reforms, such as plant-based diet incentives and appliance upgrades could halve household emissions in high-consuming clusters (≥6982.53 kt). The findings encourage for region-specific strategies integrating SDG-12 targets, infrastructural modernization, and real-time monitoring to align economic growth with sustainability outcomes. By addressing sectoral variability and systemic linkages, this study provides a roadmap for EU policymakers to optimize the food system's climate resilience while advancing equitable progress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing LiDAR-generated above-ground biomass with field data in an old-growth native urban forest in Australia","authors":"Jigme Thinley ,&nbsp;Catherine Pickering ,&nbsp;Christopher Ndehedehe","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.horiz.2025.100147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban forests contribute significantly to ecosystem services, notably in the sequestration and storage of carbon. There is a growing interest in quantifying Above Ground Biomass (AGB) to evaluate their contribution to climate mitigation. Recent advancements in remote sensing technology have resulted in publicly accessible data that facilitates the estimation of AGB across various forest types. To assess its applicability to urban forests, we conducted a comparative analysis involving Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data alongside several spectral indices, specifically the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and Leaf Area Index (LAI), derived from satellite imagery. This comparison was made against field-based AGB estimates obtained from 136 ha of old-growth native forest in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Initially, the height, diameter at breast height, and species of living trees were recorded within 14 plots of 0.1 ha each (two plots from each of seven regional ecosystems) in the forest. This field data was subsequently integrated with wood density information to estimate AGB for each plot. The field estimates were then juxtaposed with a Canopy Height Model (CHM) constructed by calculating the difference between a digital terrain model and a digital surface model, both generated using LiDAR data, as well as with NDVI, EVI, and LAI values obtained from Sentinel-2 imagery for each plot. The results indicate that the CHM provided the most accurate predictions of AGB per plot when compared to field data, while the spectral indices yielded less satisfactory results. Utilizing simple linear regression (AGB = 19.97*CHM – 80.3, r-squared = 0.66, p-value &lt; 0.001), the CHM was employed to model AGB across the entire forest, which included the calculation of total AGB and Above Ground Carbon. This was achieved by summing the estimated AGB across a one-ha grid and subsequently summing AGB based on the average AGB per regional ecosystem multiplied by its respective area. Both estimates (32,210 and 32,062 metric tons, respectively) were significantly lower than the field data estimate for living trees, which was 37,876 metric tons. The findings of this study demonstrate that CHM derived from publicly accessible LiDAR data reliably predicts field-sampled AGB at the plot level and effectively models AGB at the entire forest scale. Furthermore, the model was utilized to predict AGB across distinct regional ecosystem zones, highlighting its capability to capture the variability of AGB within diverse ecosystem settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}