Sustainable Horizons最新文献

{"title":"Sensitivity of development goals to water scarcity of Iraq and transboundary regions","authors":"Gigi Pavur ,&nbsp;Megan C. Marcellin ,&nbsp;Davis C. Loose ,&nbsp;John J. Cardenas ,&nbsp;Benjamin D. Trump ,&nbsp;Igor Linkov ,&nbsp;Saddam Q. Waheed ,&nbsp;Mustafa Almashhadani ,&nbsp;Thomas L. Polmateer ,&nbsp;James H. Lambert ,&nbsp;Venkataraman Lakshmi","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Iraq and its transboundary regions have significant challenges from water scarcity in combination with other social and environmental factors. There are short- and long-term implications for vulnerable demographics, such as youth. With Iraq's dependence on upstream water management, there is a need to address several critical factors of transboundary watersheds such as the Haditha, Mosul, Dokan, and Euphrates-Tigris basin. This paper develops the use of particular social, hydrological, and other environmental factors in a <em>risk register of basins</em> and vulnerable populations, where societal priorities vary across scenarios of hydrology and water. Social data (i.e., gridded youth population data) and hydrological observations (i.e., precipitation, temperature, root zone soil moisture, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)) are obtained from publicly available satellite-based Earth observations and global models. Risk is defined and quantified as the disruption of basin order and spatial plots are provided to improve understanding of the spatial distribution of water scarcity challenges in the region with regard to vulnerable populations. The results feature identification of the most and least disruptive scenarios including: 1) population density is lowest in basins exposed to the highest air temperatures, 2) an urban-to-rural migration pattern (such as prompted by a public health crisis) would significantly disrupt basin order, and 3) populations with greatest exposure to extreme hydrological conditions of water scarcity are found in the southern basins of Iraq in or near the Al-Muthanna governorate. The impacts of this work are to steer future investments that mitigate risk of disrupted system orders and to increase system resilience of vulnerable populations to water scarcity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772737824000324/pdfft?md5=3786f97211cd961e47df4c8090e9cd78&pid=1-s2.0-S2772737824000324-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations into dynamic variation characteristics of near-bottom boundary flows over a long term at strait areas","authors":"Lei Ren ,&nbsp;Beinuo Zhou ,&nbsp;Yingyu Huang ,&nbsp;Shuxian Wang ,&nbsp;Qin Zhu ,&nbsp;Lilia Flores Mateos ,&nbsp;Maximo Garcia‐Jove ,&nbsp;Manman Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Yao ,&nbsp;Zhenchang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dynamic processes at the bottom boundary layers are crucial for various marine applications such as marine energy exploration and environmental protection. This paper explored hydrodynamic characteristics of near-bottom boundary currents based on the continuous measured velocity data at a site near the bottom boundary layer in the Strait of Georgia. Previous studies on the bottom boundary layer encompasses various aspects, including physical, chemical, and biological dimensions. However, the mechanism underlying the hierarchical structure of flow velocity remain poorly understood. Thus, the power spectrum and wavelet analysis were used to analyze the significant period of the averaged velocity and tidal characteristics, and to calculate the thickness of near-bottom boundary layer. The results indicate that the current velocities at the boundary layer tend to flow in south-eastern and north-western directions. There is a significant period of 15 days in August and September. At a depth of 301 m, the vertical velocities are stratified, indicating different velocity layers. The boundary layer thickness varies from 5.23 to 14.74 m, as indicated by the vertical structural characteristics. The structural characteristics of the seabed boundary layer are conducive to deepening our understanding of sediment's incipient motion, transport, and sedimentation process. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for future studies on sediment movement and the numerical simulation analysis of the bottom boundary layer. It is of great significance for the study of wave flow interaction and marine dynamic structure, and can provide scientific support for the development and utilization of the strait area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772737824000312/pdfft?md5=bdab6321d3e8c4f8b475beeb54f16646&pid=1-s2.0-S2772737824000312-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of surface roughness on vibration response characteristics of flexible structures on offshore floating platforms","authors":"Zecheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Guanghua He ,&nbsp;Hassan Ghassemi ,&nbsp;Hangwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The expanding interest in floating offshore renewable energy technologies, including floating wind turbines and solar platforms, is attributed to their multifarious benefits. One pivotal factor influencing the power generation efficiency of these technologies is the vibration response of the flexible structures connected to the platforms, such as mooring systems, dynamic power cables, and flexible pipelines. In this research, a numerical investigation is conducted on the response characteristics of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of cylinders with varying surface roughness in oscillatory flow. The unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations and dynamic equation are used for fluid-structure interaction. The results reveal that for rough cylinders, multiple frequencies are involved in the vibration. For most simulated cases, the vibration frequency in the cross-flow (CF) direction is an integer multiple of the frequency of the oscillatory flow and associated with the quantity of shedding vortex pairs during a single period of the oscillatory flow. For rough cylinders, the CF vibration frequency differs by one from the number of shedding vortex pairs within one period of the oscillatory flow. With the increase of surface roughness, the maximum vibration amplitude shows an increasing trend (12%), then a decreasing trend (21%). Furthermore, the vortex shedding flow pattern presents C + S mode or S mode. This study offers valuable insights for analyzing the vibration response characteristics of authentic flexible structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772737824000300/pdfft?md5=5b63c514d1ea45815113372af68d0cf9&pid=1-s2.0-S2772737824000300-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141959626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Eyed Seeing: An ethical space of engagement to shape engineering and computing education for sustainable development","authors":"Riadh Habash","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Universities serve as institutions for acquiring knowledge and instilling values in the learning environment, including students. These extend from the preventive moral values developed in schools to the strategic aspirational sustainability values to enhance competencies including knowledge, skills, attitudes, and ways of seeing and being worldwide. This paper is about a sustainability research experience as part of an undergraduate course on professional practice offered to engineering and computing students at the University of Ottawa, Canada. The course employs a \"learn-by-research\" approach in developing cases and projects. The experience highlights the significance of aspirational ethics in creating a distinct space of engagement steered by sustainable development as a core value for empowering and not overpowering society. This space is guided by the Two-Eyed Seeing principle which helps to engage the powers of Indigenous and Western knowledge for learning and practice. A broader Two-Eyed Seeing perspective to shape engineering and computing education was interpreted and employed. The students' anonymous survey and semi-structured interviews revealed noticeable improvements in their understanding, skills, and competencies toward sustainable development. This integrated approach to curriculum and pedagogy fosters critical and creative thinking in learners and cultivates a growth mindset that empowers them with research skills and sustainability knowledge. The outcomes of the study may act as an informing catalyst where human values and society are at the core to facilitate a transition in education for sustainable development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772737824000294/pdfft?md5=425aa4a1eccbe326f19f5d75ac5f4e10&pid=1-s2.0-S2772737824000294-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141605675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An in silico insight on inhibitory potential of short-chain PFHxA and PFHxS against endogenous antioxidant enzymes","authors":"Prem Rajak ,&nbsp;Abhratanu Ganguly ,&nbsp;Sukhendu Dey","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of synthetic chemicals that are globally used in various commercial products like cloths, carpets, cookware, firefighting foams, cosmetics, electronic products, etc. Inappropriate disposal of these consumer products could lead to environmental contamination with PFAS. Nowadays short-chain PFAS are substituting the long chain PFAS due to their short half-life. However, multiple studies have suggested that short-chain PFAS such as Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) modulate antioxidant enzyme activities, induce Reactive Oxygen Species production, and contribute to oxidative stress in organisms. Notably, experimental set-ups aiming to investigate the mode of action of these compounds on antioxidants are entirely lacking. Hence in the present study, a ligand-docking approach was adopted to investigate the potential intermolecular interactions between short-chain PFAS and major antioxidants such as Glutathione peroxidase-4, Glutathione reductase, Glutathione S-Transferase, Catalase, and Superoxide dismutase-1. Three-dimensional structures of proteins were processed and docked individually with PFHxA and PFHxS using the AutoDock vina.. Results indicated significant binding affinities between various antioxidant proteins and PFAS. Interestingly, non-covalent interactions such as H-bonds, van der Waals, C<img>H bonds, halogen bonds, and alkyl/pi-alkyl were apparent at protein-ligand interface. Hence, these results suggest that both PFHxA and PFHxS may potentially interact with the endogenous antioxidants and this outcome can be detrimental to the redox homeostasis of living organisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772737824000270/pdfft?md5=b13d1a4b25418da269bfeb2ac4d69664&pid=1-s2.0-S2772737824000270-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141479567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiocarbon evidence of organic carbon turnover response to grassland grazing: A soil aggregate fraction perspective","authors":"Wenbing Tan ,&nbsp;Hanxia Yu ,&nbsp;Haoyan Xiao ,&nbsp;Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Md. Akhter Hossain ,&nbsp;Yusen Wu ,&nbsp;Niraj Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Grassland grazing, driven human activities, represents a prevalent form of land use conversion. While numerous studies have examined the impact of such conversions on soil carbon cycling, they primarily focus on the content and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, research on the turnover dynamics of SOC and the underlying mechanisms triggered by land use conversions remains relatively scarce. In this study, radiocarbon (¹⁴C) tracing technology was applied to investigate the effects of grassland grazing on SOC turnover in the Saihanba area of Hebei province, China. The results revealed that the turnover time of SOC in pasture grassland was shortened by approximately 250 years compared to meadow grassland, suggesting that grazing diminishes the ability of topsoil to stabilize SOC. Furthermore, our findings indicate that grazing leads to a decrease in soil CO₂ flux by 0.50 g C m⁻² y⁻¹ under aggregates larger than 250 μm and those between 63 and 250 μm. Conversely, the CO₂ flux under aggregates, specifically those between 2 and 63 μm and less than 2 μm, increased by 0.96 g C m⁻² y⁻¹. This shift suggests a significant increase in the contribution of older SOC pools to the overall soil CO₂ flux. Our study provides novel insights into SOC cycling in the context of grassland grazing, highlighting the importance of understanding SOC turnover dynamics for effective land management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772737824000269/pdfft?md5=a374c21241d1c6fcf6a9b8563803d8b1&pid=1-s2.0-S2772737824000269-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141423844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying urban black carbon absorption enhancement under influence of open crop straw burning in Eastern China","authors":"Qingxiao Meng ,&nbsp;Yunjiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Sheng Zhong ,&nbsp;Cheng Chen ,&nbsp;Yifan Yang ,&nbsp;Xinlei Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Black carbon (BC) particles significantly impact the radiative balance of the atmosphere, introducing considerable uncertainties. This study addresses the limited quantitative observations of the atmospheric BC absorption enhancement effect, particularly influenced by diverse BC sources in urban environments. Online measurements of atmospheric BC absorption coefficient, mixing state, and aerosol chemical composition were conducted in a representative city within the Yangtze River Delta region, focusing on the repercussions of open crop straw burning. The results revealed a clear positive relationship between the coated BC size to BC core diameter (D_p/D_c) ratio and the mass concentration of secondary inorganics and more oxidized organics in aerosols from open straw burning. This emphasizes that secondary oxidation processes in biomass burning plumes could stimulate the abundant formation of internally mixed urban BC particles. Observations in open straw burning plumes exhibited an average BC absorption enhancement factor (<em>E</em>_abs-_{870 nm}) at 870 nm of 1.52 ± 0.19. Discrepancies between observed and simulated <em>E</em>_abs values, based on the core-shell Mie theory model, diminished with an increase in the <em>f</em>₄₄ to <em>f</em>₆₀ ratio – the signal fractions of aerosol mass spectrometer <em>m/z</em> (<em>m/z</em> 44 and <em>m/z</em> 60) in total OA. This suggests that the morphology of BC in aged biomass burning plumes aligns more closely with the core-shell model. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive summary of <em>E</em>_abs value levels from measurements across various regions and sources on a global scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772737824000257/pdfft?md5=3740a9ee8f9698ad0d9979abae0eb5f0&pid=1-s2.0-S2772737824000257-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond carbon-centric estimates: revisiting the interplay between hydroclimatic conditions and dryland forestation","authors":"Dashan Wang,&nbsp;Shijing Liang,&nbsp;Zhenzhong Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the global pursuit of climate mitigation, extensive tree planting initiatives have targeted the vast drylands. However, the carbon sequestration potential of forestation in these regions remains uncertain, primarily due to the oversight of crucial factors like vegetation-climate interactions. By revisiting the benefits of dryland forestation using comprehensive Earth System Modeling, we underscore the vital role of hydroclimatic factors in shaping the effectiveness of nature-based solutions, urging a reassessment of criteria for accurate carbon-centric estimates and sustainable global climate change mitigation strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772737824000245/pdfft?md5=59d119939a7784bf27ec914b294c9ab8&pid=1-s2.0-S2772737824000245-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141240003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical modeling for determination of the dominant factor inducing saltwater intrusion into shallow aquifer in the Mekong River Estuary within the Mekong Delta, Vietnam","authors":"Han Xiao ,&nbsp;Zirui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yin Tang ,&nbsp;Haiming Li ,&nbsp;Qiuhong Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to climate change and ever-increasing groundwater exploitation under the background of population growth and economic development since the 1990s, saltwater intrusion (SWI) into coastal aquifers has been recognized as a significant geo-environmental issue in the Mekong Delta (MKD) in southern Vietnam. Previous research indicated that groundwater over-exploitation mainly causes SWI into deep aquifer and seawater is the dominant source of SWI into deep aquifer, however, whether seawater or saline river water is the dominant source of SWI into shallow aquifer remains unknown. In this study, a 3D groundwater flow and salt transport SEAWAT model was developed and calibrated/validated to simulate the processes of shallow groundwater and surface water interactions and saltwater and freshwater interactions in the Mekong River Estuary within the MKD during 2012–2021. Simulation results indicated that: (1) the saltwater/freshwater wedge within the <em>qh</em> aquifer migrates 4.3 km landward and saltwater (TDS 20–35 kg/m³) storage increases 101.5 % from 2012 to 2021; (2) the dominant source of SWI is seawater from annual perspective; (3) the dominant source of SWI is seawater from November to August (10 months) while is the Bassac River from September to October (2 months) from monthly perspective; and (4) contribution ratios of ocean, the Mekong River, and the Bassac River to SWI during one year were 80.29 %, 3.42 %, and 16.29 %, respectively. The outcome of this study can provide a useful reference for implementation of efficient and effective adaptation strategies of coastal water resources management and eco-environment protection and restoration against SWI in a changing climate in the MKD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772737824000233/pdfft?md5=7644e2e67271b0be44a9cc3e9d2c9cb6&pid=1-s2.0-S2772737824000233-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141156381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effects of reducing groundwater pumping on downward saltwater intrusion into deep aquifers in coastal Tianjin, China","authors":"Han Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiangjian Xu ,&nbsp;Hong Yu ,&nbsp;Mengdi Li ,&nbsp;Cuixia Zhang ,&nbsp;Sihui Su ,&nbsp;Haiming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.horiz.2024.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a 3D variable-density groundwater flow and salt transport model was developed and calibrated to simulate spatial and temporal variation of groundwater salinity in Binhai New Area located at coastal Tianjin Municipality for tracking saltwater/freshwater interface depth, analyzing saltwater descending velocity, and determining downward saltwater intrusion ceasing time under the background of rigorous groundwater pumping regulations (groundwater pumping rate reducing to zero in 2023). Results indicated that: (1) saltwater/freshwater interface depths in the northern area would increase from 130–170 m to 150–190 m from 2016 to 2031, in the central area would increase from 180–230 m to 210–260 m from 2016 to 2030, and in the southern area would increase from 280–300 m to 300–320 m from 2016 to 2030 and then stay unchanged, respectively; (2) saltwater descending velocities in the northern, central, and southern area decrease linearly and will reach zero in the years of 2031, 2030, and 2030, respectively; and (3) enlargement of the extent of downward saltwater intrusion will cease since 2031 in the northern area or 2030 in the central and southern area. To the best knowledge of the authors, this research is the first effort to unravel the fact of vertical saltwater intrusion (saltwater descending) occurred in coastal Tianjin, which demonstrates an urgent need for rigorous pumping regulations of reducing groundwater exploitation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101199,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Horizons","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772737824000221/pdfft?md5=2ac5869b87cd7f5217ada4884de35881&pid=1-s2.0-S2772737824000221-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141094935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}