Superconductivity最新文献

{"title":"Mechanisms driving robust high-temperature superconductivity in complex metal hydrides under moderate pressure","authors":"Wendi Zhao ,&nbsp;Shumin Guo ,&nbsp;Tiancheng Ma ,&nbsp;Zhengtao Liu ,&nbsp;Chengda Li ,&nbsp;Defang Duan ,&nbsp;Tian Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing the stabilization pressure of superconducting hydrides remains a major challenge for their practical application. While complex metal hydrides are recognized for their stability at low pressures, their promise as high-temperature superconductors has been largely overlooked. Here, we identify a family of superconducting complex transition metal hydrides (CTMHs), represented by Li₃IrH₉, and demonstrate a new mechanism for achieving robust superconductivity in this class of materials. In Li₃IrH₉, the broadening and overlap between the antibonding electronic bands of [IrH₈]^2- and adjacent H⁻ orbitals not only drive the intrinsic metallicity of the hydrogen sublattice, generating hydrogen-dominated electronic states at the Fermi level, but also soften hydrogen-related optical phonon modes, inducing strong electron-phonon coupling that remains robust even under high pressure. Li₃IrH₉ is predicted to be thermodynamically stable at 100 GPa and maintains a high <em>T</em>_c above 100 K across a broad pressure range (8–150 GPa). Other isostructural compounds such as Li₃RhH₉ (<em>T</em>_c = 124 K at 20 GPa) and Li₃CoH₉ (<em>T</em>_c = 80 K at 10 GPa) also exhibit prominent superconductivity at moderate pressures. This work provides a new platform and original theoretical insights for the development of CTMH superconductors that exhibit robust superconductivity and promising practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100236"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saturated single-photon detection up to 5 μm in the mid-infrared using NbN superconducting microstrip detectors","authors":"Yu-Ze Wang ,&nbsp;Wei-Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Qing Zheng ,&nbsp;Jia-Hao Hu ,&nbsp;Dong-Wei Chu ,&nbsp;Hui Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiao-Fu Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui-Qin Yu ,&nbsp;Qian Gong ,&nbsp;Chun-Fang Cao ,&nbsp;Pu-Sheng Yuan ,&nbsp;Wen-Shuo Yu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Ling Wu ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Li-Xing You","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We demonstrate a mid-infrared superconducting microstrip single-photon detector (SMSPD) based on a 5 nm thick, 0.92-μm wide, and 50 μm long NbN microbridge. The detection sensitivity is enhanced via He⁺ ion irradiation with a high fluence of 1 × 10¹⁷ ions/cm². The SMSPD exhibits saturated internal detection efficiency over a broad spectral range from 400 nm to 5 μm at 0.32 K, with a minimum timing jitter of 28 ps (at 1064 nm). The detection current scales with photon energy as <em>α</em> ≈ −0.5, indicating vortex-assisted hotspot formation as the underlying detection mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Square filamentary MgB2 wire fabricated by the internal Mg diffusion method","authors":"P. Kováč,&nbsp;I. Hušek,&nbsp;D. Berek,&nbsp;J. Kováč,&nbsp;T. Melišek,&nbsp;M. Búran,&nbsp;L. Kopera","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is well known that the highest current densities in MgB₂ superconducting wires can be achieved using the internal magnesium diffusion (IMD) method. We present a square 19-filament MgB₂ wire made by the IMD process with dominant rolling deformation, which yields a high MgB₂ filling factor of 14.2% and, consequently, a high engineering current density. Non-insulated wind-and-react coils were made from 1.1 mm to 0.68 mm wire, and their critical currents were compared with corresponding short wire samples. The threshold engineering current density of the present 19-filament MgB₂/Nb/CuNi wire<em>, J</em>_et <em>=</em> 10⁴ A cm⁻², was measured at an external field of 6.5 T and a temperature of 4.2 K, representing the best performance reported in the literature for undoped filamentary wires made by the IMD process. The presented results demonstrate progress in the quality of filamentary MgB₂ wires produced by the IMD process, which could be of interest for future DC coil applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of rapid-heating process on the preparation of Nb3Sn superconductor and establishment of critical current density model","authors":"Zhan Gao ,&nbsp;Zerong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Xiao ,&nbsp;Yanan Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Junsheng Cheng ,&nbsp;Qiuliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, bulk-Nb₃Sn superconductors were prepared by the powder metallurgy route under the heat treatment conditions of rapid-heating and short-holding and the effect of Cu content and rapid-heating process on the microstructure and superconducting properties of bulk-Nb₃Sn superconductors were systematically investigated. The results showed that both of critical temperature (<em>T</em>_<em>c</em>) and critical current density (<em>J</em>_<em>c</em>) of bulk samples got decreased with increasing Cu content. The rapid-heating and short-holding process exhibited a 'healing' effect on the holes in Nb₃Sn layers, significantly improving the compactness of the bulk samples. Moreover, the bulk sample, which was heat treated at 600 °C for 50 h, then induction heated to 1000 °C and isothermally held for 20 s, exhibited the highest <em>J</em>_{<em>c,non-Cu</em>} values of 2.38 × 10⁹ A/m² (at 4.2 K &amp; 6 T). And this could be attributed to the small average grain size, high content of Nb₃Sn superconducting phase, and the Cu(Sn) artificial pinning centers in the Nb₃Sn layer. Besides, Nb₃Sn wire by internal-tin method was processed using the same heat treatment schedule to validate the effectiveness of the rapid-heating process. The critical current (<em>I</em>_<em>c</em>) of the wire sample, measured via <em>V–I</em> characteristic curve at 4.2 K &amp; 6 T, was determined to be 96 A, corresponding to a <em>J</em>_{<em>c,layer</em>} value of 4593 A/mm². Moreover, a <em>J</em>_{<em>c,non-Cu</em>} model <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><msub><mi>J</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>4985</mn><mo>·</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>3.5</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mn>0.466</mn><msup><mrow><mo>[</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>30</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><mi>exp</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mfrac><mi>y</mi><mn>0.00348</mn></mfrac><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>577</mn><mi>y</mi></mrow><mo>]</mo></mrow><mn>0.5</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mn>45</mn><mo>·</mo><msup><mi>e</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mfrac><mi>z</mi><mn>175</mn></mfrac></mrow></msup></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> concerning with the microstructural parameters (<em>x</em>: superconducting phase content, <em>y</em>: average Sn content in Nb₃Sn layer, and <em>z</em>: grain size of Nb₃Sn) was proposed, providing a semi-quantitative reference to describe the <em>J</em>_{<em>c,non-Cu</em>} of bulk-Nb₃Sn superconductors. Finally, it should be noted that the relevant conclusions in this work regarding the kinetics of rapid-heating and microstructural evolution of bulk samples may require adjustment or further validation when applied to the structure of wires.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A record-breaking 35.6 T: Innovative technology propels all-superconducting magnets into new frontiers of high-field research","authors":"Jianhua Liu ,&nbsp;Qiuliang Wang ,&nbsp;Benzhe Zhou ,&nbsp;Zili Zhang ,&nbsp;Ce Xu ,&nbsp;Shunzhong Chen ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Wanshuo Sun ,&nbsp;Yong Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Ji ,&nbsp;Hongzhuo Zeng ,&nbsp;Tianyang Feng ,&nbsp;Jiahao Li ,&nbsp;Zheng Wang ,&nbsp;Kangshuai Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Yaohui Wang ,&nbsp;Gang Li ,&nbsp;Zheng Li ,&nbsp;Jianlin Luo ,&nbsp;Hongyan He","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In January 2026, the world record for a 35.6 T-35 mm all superconducting user magnet was achieved. The 35.6T user magnet consisted of the REBCO high temperature superconducting insert magnet and a low-temperature superconducting magnet. Furthermore, the REBCO high temperature superconducting insert magnet itself also reached 27.5T in liquid He, which also set a world record for the all high temperature superconducting user magnet. This magnet holds great significance for both cutting-edge scientific research and superconducting magnet technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100240"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetization and dynamic losses in full-scale twisted-stacked tape cables for HTS fusion applications","authors":"Alexander S. Wiseman,&nbsp;Yueming Sun,&nbsp;Nicholas M. Strickland,&nbsp;Zhenan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>AC loss is a key factor in the design of twisted-stacked tape cables (TSTCs) for high temperature superconductor (HTS) fusion applications. Until recently, numerical analysis of AC loss in full-scale TSTCs has been limited by the computational demands of 3D models, which severely restrict tape number and mesh density. In this work, a 2D scanning method, assessed against 3D models and experimental measurements, is used to simulate the magnetization and dynamic losses in full-scale TSTCs. A simplified PIT-VIPER geometry with four stacks, each containing 20–100 tapes, is modelled under alternating external magnetic fields of up to 20 T, at a temperature of 20 K, with and without 50 kA DC transport current. The influence of field-dependent critical current on magnetization loss is examined by comparing tapes from different manufacturers. The critical currents of the cables are also simulated. Results show that, for low transport currents, reducing tape number can reduce AC losses, roughly in proportion with tape number. Furthermore, it is shown that the widely used <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>/</mo><mi>π</mi></mrow></math></span> scaling of loss in flat stacks introduces moderate error until relatively high fields for practical tape numbers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical failure: A critical bottleneck for high-field high-temperature superconducting magnets","authors":"Peifeng Gao ,&nbsp;Yoshinori Yanagisawa","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pursuit of ultrahigh-field high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets faces a significant challenge: mechanical failure is a primary fundamental limiter of progress. In extreme cryogenic electromechanical environments, coupled multimode failures—namely interfacial delamination, intralayer fracture, substrate yielding, and buckling—form the critical bottleneck. These failure modes are intrinsically coupled: Lorentz forces generate destructive hoop stresses, thermal expansion coefficient mismatches induce radial interface-decoupling tensions, multiaxial stress states accelerate crack propagation, and cyclic loads cause irreversible performance degradation. Such mechanical failures typically precede quench events. The resolution of these issues demands convergent innovation integrating material-centric strategies, structural intelligence, and operational resilience. Overcoming this mechanical barrier is pivotal for incremental field gains and unleashing the transformative potential of HTS magnets in fusion energy, next-generation nuclear magnetic resonance, and compact medical devices. A cross-disciplinary paradigm fusing materials science, solid mechanics, and intelligent engineering is necessary to transcend this frontier.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First artificial intelligence-based non-invasive framework for data-driven kink defect detection in HTS coils for power applications","authors":"Yahao Wu ,&nbsp;Lurui Fang ,&nbsp;Wenjuan Song ,&nbsp;Yue Wu ,&nbsp;Zhenan Jiang ,&nbsp;Mohammad Yazdani-Asrami","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-temperature superconductor (HTS) coils and windings are fundamental structural elements underpinning a wide range of superconducting technologies and are the crucial components for next-generation superconducting devices across electric transportation and energy systems fields, including fusion reactors for sustainable energy generation, aviation propulsion systems aiming for substantial efficiency gains, and renewable electric power generators integrating superconducting technologies. Nevertheless, the manufacturing processes of these HTS windings commonly introduce localized mechanical stresses that lead to subtle initial bending defects, so-called “kinks”, potentially evolving into a risk of catastrophic failure, and significantly compromising operational reliability. Technically, conventional kink detection techniques, such as optical microscopy, magnetic imaging, and metallurgical techniques, performed deployment challenges of invasive inspections, low inspection efficiency, and insufficient sensitivity to subsurface anomalies when handling complex coil geometries. To address these challenges, this study develops the first non-invasive electrical detection method that autonomously identifies incipient kink defects, leveraging an innovative artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled framework that combines frequency domain analysis with adaptive machine learning classifiers. To experimentally validate the proposed framework, controlled kink defects were induced in a superconducting coil under precise experimental conditions, replicating realistic deformation scenarios encountered during coil winding processes. Voltage signals from coils with induced kink defects and pristine coils were collected and transformed into discriminative spectral features via effective frequency-domain analysis. These spectral characteristics are further refined by pinpointing essential components, thus achieving effective data dimensionality reduction. Subsequently, a K-Nearest Neighbors classifier, enhanced by adaptive distance metrics and robust cross-validation protocols, was employed, attaining a remarkable detection accuracy of up to 98.9%. Critically, acknowledging practical engineering constraints such as cost efficiency, compatibility with industrial monitoring units, and lower sampling requirements, the developed method successfully maintained an acceptable detection rate. Ultimately, this study establishes the proposed analysis paradigm as a proof-of-concept of a non-invasive diagnostic tool for identifying early-stage mechanical defects. The present study highlights the potential relevance of data-driven electrical diagnostics for improving the manufacturing and maintenance capabilities of HTS coil winding processes. This AI-based framework contributes to enabling the next generation of superconducting technologies, with prospective applications in electric transportation and energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100242"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An acoustic framework for quantifying hydrogen leakage flow rates in next-generation liquid-hydrogen-cooled superconducting cables","authors":"Luqiao Yao ,&nbsp;Jianwei Li ,&nbsp;Qingqing Yang ,&nbsp;Zhonghao Tian ,&nbsp;Chenyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Tang ,&nbsp;Cong Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid-hydrogen-cooled superconducting cables, owing to their high power density, near-zero-resistance power transmission capability, and deep integration with hydrogen energy systems, are regarded as a promising direction for future power grids. However, unavoidable liquid hydrogen leakage —which rapidly undergoes flash boiling and transitions into a high-speed gaseous hydrogen jet after release into the ambient environment—still lacks effective quantitative assessment methods. In this study, a systematic acoustic framework is developed to remotely and quantitatively estimate hydrogen leakage flow rates. Controlled leakage experiments are conducted, first revealing an approximately linear frequency shift of the dominant spectral line at low flow rates, associated with shear-layer instabilities of the gaseous hydrogen jet and governed by jet velocity and leak geometry, as well as a linear increase in integrated acoustic energy within the 20–52 kHz band at higher flow rates. Second, a spectral line–background subtraction method is proposed, enabling robust extraction of narrowband dominant leakage components from broadband turbulent backgrounds. Third, a quantitative mapping between leakage flow rate and multidimensional acoustic features is established: in the low-flow regime (3–8 slm), the characteristic spectral-line frequency enables flow-rate estimation with a maximum relative error of ±2.65%, while in the higher-flow regime (8–10 slm), the integrated acoustic energy in the 20–52 kHz band provides a linear mapping with a maximum relative deviation of ±0.47%. This work provides a new technical pathway for early identification and remote, non-contact quantitative estimation of hydrogen leakage in liquid-hydrogen superconducting cables, which is of significant importance for promoting the safe and reliable operation of liquid-hydrogen superconducting power transmission systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100241"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to SUPCON 100207 and 100208","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100237","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100237"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}