Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health最新文献

{"title":"Modeling recurrent suicide attempts using probabilistic Hawkes processes.","authors":"Darío C Larese, Pablo M Olmos, Antonio Artés-Rodríguez, Laura Arenas-Pijoan, Eugènia Nicolau-Subires, Vicent Llorca-Bofí, Enrique Baca-García, María Irigoyen-Otiñano, Jorge López-Castromán","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2026.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2026.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Assessing the risk of suicide attempt recurrence requires integrating multiple clinical factors, including suicidal ideation and intent. Although clinical evaluation remains the most reliable method for estimating risk, few longitudinal mathematical models exist that leverage routine clinical data to predict recurrence dynamically. This gap limits the use of predictive analytics in suicide prevention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 1112 individuals from the MCOSUL Cohort (Lleida, Spain), who were treated for a suicide attempt, with a minimum 5-year follow-up or until death. Baseline sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected during structured assessment, and follow-up data were extracted from electronic health records. For each participant, Hawkes process parameters (μ, α, δ) were estimated using maximum likelihood and conditioned via a neural network. A Gaussian Mixture Model was applied to identify temporal risk profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recurrence showed a temporal clustering pattern: 61.1% of repeat attempts occurred within 1 month of a previous event, and nearly all within 12 months. The model captured self-exciting dynamics and generated individualized survival and intensity curves. Five clusters emerged: a large low-risk heterogeneous group; a moderate-risk group; a predominantly male group with infrequent and less severe attempts; a high-risk group with multiple previous attempts; and a small but extreme group with severe and chronic recurrences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Suicide attempt repetition in this cohort demonstrates self-exciting temporal behavior. Hawkes-based modeling enables dynamic, time-varying risk estimation and may offer advantages over traditional static prediction tools. Prospective validation should assess clinical integration, scalability, and utility for personalized suicide prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146151687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating schizophrenia treatment: Challenges in pharmacogenetic counseling.","authors":"Ivan Martin da Silva, Mar Panisello-Cardona, David Almenta, Alexandra Roldán, Sara Bernal, Narcís Cardoner, María Gámez-Lechuga, Pau Riera","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146145151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of antipsychotics in children and adolescents in Spain, 2015-2023: A real-world, population-based study.","authors":"Isabel Hurtado, Celia Robles-Cabaniñas, Anibal García-Sempere, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Inmaculada Baeza, Fran Llopis-Cardona, Verónica Gamón, Clara Rodríguez-Bernal, Salvador Peiró, Gabriel Sanfélix-Gimeno","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Antipsychotic (AP) prescription has risen across Europe, but updated data on prescribing trends and treatment intensity in youth remain limited. This study describes AP prescription patterns among children and adolescents in the region of Valencia, Spain, with 5 million inhabitants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Population-based, cross-sectional study using the Valencia Health System's Integrated Database (VID) including all AP drugs prescribed to individuals aged 0-19 years from 2015 through 2023. APs were categorized by active substance, and yearly trends in prescription volume, patient numbers, and chlorpromazine equivalent doses (CED) per patient were presented. Results were stratified by age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 570,238 AP prescriptions were dispensed to 30,704 patients, increasing 1.61-fold over the study period. Risperidone and aripiprazole accounted for 60.5% of all prescriptions, while lurasidone experienced the highest growth (13-fold increase), followed by olanzapine (3.1-fold), aripiprazole (2.3-fold), and quetiapine (2.1-fold). The number of treated patients increased by 50%, with the highest relative increase in young children (0-4 years old) and adolescents (15-19 years old). AP use was higher in males but rose more sharply among females (1.4-fold vs 2.1-fold). Overall, CED per patient slightly declined.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AP prescriptions and patients treated among Spanish youth increased significantly between 2015 and 2023, with notable differences by age and sex. While total CED rose, treatment intensity per patient remained relatively stable. Future studies should investigate the clinical indications for these prescriptions as well as the outcomes associated with AP use in children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the child, adolescent, and parent versions of the Stressful Life Events Schedule (SLES) in Spanish: Evidence from high-risk, first-episode psychosis, and control groups.","authors":"Mireia Solerdelcoll, Soledad Romero, Sandra Cosi, Gisela Sugranyes, Inmaculada Baeza, Josefina Castro-Fornieles, Elena de la Serna","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stressful life events significantly influence the development and course of mental disorders in children and adolescents. The Stressful Life Events Schedule (SLES) is an instrument designed to evaluate these events. This study aims to validate the Spanish version of the SLES (Spanish SLES) for children, adolescents and parents by analysing its psychometric properties and discriminant validity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were recruited from two cohorts. Cohort I comprised 188 offspring aged 6-17 years (50.0% female), including 114 offspring of patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia (high-risk group) and 74 offspring of control subjects (control group). Cohort II included 35 adolescents aged 14-18 years with a first-episode psychosis (FEP group) (62.9% female). The psychometric properties of the SLES were assessed, including internal consistency (IC) and test-retest reliability, discriminant validity across groups, and concurrent validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Spanish SLES demonstrated robust psychometric properties. In adolescents, IC was 0.87 for the total event count and 0.88 for interference with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of 0.74 and 0.70, respectively. In children, IC was also high (α=0.83 for events and α=0.85 for interference) with ICCs of 0.61 for both measures. In parents, IC was 0.78-0.86 for events and 0.78-0.87 for interference with ICCs of 0.80-0.84 and 0.75-0.82, respectively. Adolescents in the FEP group reported significantly more stressful events (p<0.001, ηp²=0.156) and greater interference (p<0.001, ηp²=0.190) compared with both the high-risk and control groups. Additionally, moderate correlations were found between parent and adolescent reports, with lower concordance observed in the child sample. These findings underscore the importance of integrating multiple informants when assessing stressful life events in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Spanish SLES is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing stressful life events in children, adolescents and their parents. It is an accessible and easy-to-administer tool, suitable for use in both clinical practice and research settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents and the influence of memetics.","authors":"Rocío López-Díaz, María Del Valle Rodríguez-Hiruela, Helena Marín-Mateos, Álvaro López-Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents is a common and concerning behavior, as it is associated with suicide risk. In this work, we propose a memetic framework to understand its social spread among the young populations (as well as among peers and on social media). Furthermore, we explore how to design and disseminate, with the help of AI, 'protective memes' with a Papageno effect that mitigate the potential Werther effect of NSSI in at-risk adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients' and caregivers' perspectives on the use of telemedicine in child and adolescent mental health services.","authors":"Randa Akram Youssef, Kholod Haj Hussain, Reem Mudawi, Sara Abu-Hammad, Rihab Farooq, Emran Ghazi, Syed Ali Bokhari","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood maltreatment and social cognition deficits across the psychosis spectrum: Evidence from the PREGAP study.","authors":"Borja Pedruzo, Claudia Aymerich, Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo, Jose Manuel Rodríguez-Sánchez, Patxi Gil, Lander Madaria, Garazi Acasuso, Ainara Arnaiz, Ana González-Pinto, Daniel Alonso-Alconada, Miguel Ángel González Torres, Ana Catalán","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Childhood maltreatment (CM) is common in early psychosis and may contribute to social-cognitive difficulties beyond illness-related processes. We examined whether CM explains unique variance in social cognition across psychosis stages, whether specific CM subtypes map onto distinct social-cognitive domains, and whether associations vary by clinical stage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a cross-sectional study including 107 participants: 39 with first-episode psychosis (FEP), 35 at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P), and 33 healthy controls (HC). CM was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Social cognition was evaluated across multiple domains, including facial emotion recognition (Penn Emotion Recognition Test [PERE]), theory of mind (Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition [MASC] errors and the Hinting Task), and social perception (Faux Pas Test). Self-reported social functioning was measured with the GEOPTE scale. Adjusted correlation analyses and linear regression models were performed, followed by comparison of 3 nested models to assess incremental explained variance: model A included CM only; model B included clinical group only; and model C included both CM and clinical group. Childhood maltreatment-by-group interaction terms were examined to explore stage-dependent effects. All analyses were exploratory, with 2-sided p&lt;.05 considered statistically significant and no correction for multiple comparisons applied.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;CM showed domain-specific links with social cognition. Physical abuse related to more hypomentalization errors (MASC) and poorer disgust recognition (PERE); sexual abuse also predicted poorer disgust recognition. Emotional neglect was associated with lower Hinting performance and reduced recognition of neutral expressions; physical neglect related to reduced neutral and increased joy recognition. Higher total CTQ scores were tied to poorer neutral and better joy recognition. Model comparisons indicated that adding CM improved prediction beyond clinical status, particularly for neutral recognition associated with physical neglect (ΔR&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;; 0.18; p&lt;0.01), emotional neglect (ΔR&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;; 0.15; p&lt;0.01), and CTQ total (ΔR&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;; 0.10; p&lt;0.01). CM-by-group interactions suggested stronger links between (physical/sexual) abuse and impaired disgust recognition in HC than in CHR-P/FEP, and a specific emotional-neglect-by-FEP effect on neutral recognition; these were underpowered and interpreted cautiously. GEOPTE (social functioning) was higher with emotional abuse.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;CM contributes independently and additively to social-cognitive variation in early psychosis, with subtype-domain specificity most evident for theory of mind and facial emotion recognition. Findings support trauma-informed assessment within early intervention services and motivate longitudinal, mechanistic, and intervention","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of C-reactive protein and hematologic ratios for metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia.","authors":"M Sanchez-Autet, M Alfonso, C Hernandez, L Gonzalez-Blanco, M P García-Portilla, M Bernardo, G Anmella, S Amoretti, G Safont, B Arranz","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to examine the association between the inflammatory biomarkers-C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte-ratio (PLR), and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR)-and metabolic status in a sample of patients with schizophrenia. We tested the hypothesis that individuals with schizophrenia exhibit a high prevalence of metabolic alterations, and that these inflammatory biomarkers are associated with a greater number of metabolic risk factors and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), after adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 541 participants with a DSM-5 diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder at any illness phase were included. We analyzed inflammatory markers and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine their predictive utility for MetS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with higher NLR and CRP levels and lower PLR values exhibited a more severe metabolic profile. ROC analysis identified CRP and PLR as the most effective predictors of MetS, with optimal cut-off points of 2.87mg/L for CRP (sensitivity, 70%; specificity, 54%) and 80.7 for PLR (sensitivity, 71%; specificity, 60%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Screening CRP levels and inflammatory ratios is a cost-effective and easily implementable practice that may facilitate the early identification of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders at risk of developing metabolic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression phenotypes informed by the RDoC framework using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9: A retrospective study in Peru.","authors":"Javier A Flores-Cohaila, Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria, Cesar Copaja-Corzo","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traditional approaches treat depression as unidimensional constructs rather than neurobiologically informed symptom clusters. The objective to investigate how Research Domain of Criteria-informed depression assessment enhances phenotype identification compared to traditional factor structures using nationally representative Peruvian data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis of Peru's National Health Survey (2015-2024) included confirmatory factor analysis, comparing five competing models (n=318,681), and latent profile analysis to identify depression phenotypes among clinically significant cases (n=22,339; PHQ-9 score≥10). Models were estimated using maximum likelihood with robust standard errors and entropy-based class selection criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The four-factor model demonstrated a superior fit (RMSEA=0.019) compared to traditional approaches (RMSEA=0.050-0.055), representing an 89% improvement in model fit. Seven distinct phenotypes emerged with unique factor score patterns: Mild Cross-Domain Depression (39.4%), High Negative Valence Internalizing Depression (15.1%), Primary Negative Valence Externalizing Depression (12.5%), High Negative Valence with Preserved Cognitive Systems Depression (12.1%), High Arousal-Regulatory Systems Depression (9.1%), Severe Cross-Domain Depression (8.7%), and Severe Dual Negative Valence Depression (3.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Depression functions as a multidimensional neurobiological system with distinct phenotypic presentations across Peruvian populations. The High Negative Valence Internalizing Depression-characterized by suicide risk independent of mood severity-necessitates phenotype-specific rather than symptom-severity-based clinical protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and psychosocial predictors of suicide attempt severity: Implications for prevention and treatment.","authors":"Hasni Dyah Kurniawati","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145994558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}