Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health最新文献

{"title":"New insights into the effects of serotonin on Parkinson's disease and depression through its role in the gastrointestinal tract.","authors":"María Sancho-Alonso, Unai Sarriés-Serrano, Lluis Miquel-Rio, Claudia Yanes Castilla, Verónica Paz, José Javier Meana, Mario Perello, Analia Bortolozzi","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders are frequently associated with gastrointestinal (GI) co-pathologies. Although the central and enteric nervous systems (CNS and ENS, respectively) have been studied separately, there is increasing interest in factors that may contribute to conditions affecting both systems. There is compelling evidence that serotonin (5-HT) may play an important role in several gut-brain disorders. It is well known that 5-HT is essential for the development and functioning of the CNS. However, most of the body's 5-HT is produced in the GI tract. A deeper understanding of the specific effects of enteric 5-HT on gut-brain disorders may provide the basis for the development of new therapeutic targets. This review summarizes current data focusing on the important role of 5-HT in ENS development and motility, with particular emphasis on novel aspects of 5-HT signaling in conditions where CNS and ENS comorbidities are common, such as Parkinson's disease and depressive disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141592545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire for Adolescents (CoRe-A)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The objective is to design and analyze the psychometric properties of a new instrument, The Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire for Adolescents (CoRe-A), for assessing cognitive reserve in adolescents.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>A systematic review was conducted to identify cognitive reserve components, before items concerning them were discussed in terms of their suitability, relevance, and clarity. The final 12-item CoRe-A was subsequently validated among 48 adolescents diagnosed with severe </span>mental disorders and 37 healthy controls matched by age and sex.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The CoRe-A scale showed a four-factor structure (i.e., education/occupation, sociability, school performance/development, and leisure activities) that explained 65.30% of the variance. It had adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.767) and test–retest reliability (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.979; <em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <span><span>0.001). The patients with severe mental disorders obtained significantly lower scores than the healthy controls in both the total CoRe-A score and in the four factor scores. Moreover, the CoRe-A correctly classified 85.9% of the sample as patient with severe mental disorders or healthy control. The CoRe-A total score showed a large positive correlation with the Wechsler vocabulary subtest, demonstrating good </span>convergent validity (</span><em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.514; <em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001). Nevertheless, when vocabulary subtest and CoRe-A total score were compared, the CoRe-A reached a better discriminative capacity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The CoRe-A is a valid and reliable tool for assessing cognitive reserve in adolescents, and it may help to characterize adolescents diagnosed with a severe mental disorder.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 132-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75946078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of cognitive reserve in clinical, neurocognitive and lifestyle factors in chronic schizophrenia and early stages of schizophrenia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Although there is evidence that higher cognitive reserve (CR) is a protective factor and it has been related to better prognosis, there have been no studies to date that have explored the CR level and its impact in clinical, neurocognitive and lifestyle outcomes according to the stage of the disease: early stage of psychosis (ESP) or chronic schizophrenia (SCZ).</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p><span>A total of 60 patients in the ESP and 225 patients with SCZ were enrolled in the study. To test the predictive capacity of CR for each diagnostic group, a logistic regression analysis was conducted. Hierarchical </span>linear regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between CR and different outcomes. The mediation analyses were performed according to the principles of Baron and Kenny.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients with SCZ showed lower CR than those in the ESP (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001). CR correctly classified 79.6% of the cases (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001; Exp(<em>B</em>)<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.062). In ESP group, CR was related to working memory (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.030) and negative symptoms (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.027). CR (<em>t</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->3.925, <em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <span>0.001) and cannabis use (</span><em>t</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.023, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.048) explained 26.7% of the variance on functioning (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.003). In patients with SCZ, CR predicted all cognitive domains, negative symptoms (<em>R</em>² <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.091, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.001) and functioning (<em>R</em>² <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.074, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <span>0.005). In both ESP and SCZ groups, higher CR was associated with lower body mass index and circumference. In ESP group, the effect of adherence to Mediterranean diet on functioning (</span><em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.037) was mediated by CR level (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.003).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The implications of CR depend on the stage of the disease (ESP vs. SCZ), with a greater effect on neurocognition and negative symptoms in patients with chronic SCZ.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 168-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139467605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers as proxies for cognitive reserve: The role of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in first episode of psychosis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The proxies used to compose cognitive reserve (CR) for patients of a first episode of psychosis (FEP) have varied in the literature. The development of FEP is linked to peripheral pathways of the central nervous system, yet despite this knowledge, no research has considered the introduction of biomarkers as proxies for CR. Meanwhile, schizophrenia has been linked to the metabolic system, indicating that alterations in the levels of biological parameters, in particular high-density lipoproteins (HDL), cause worse global functioning and cognitive impairment. For these reasons, the present study aimed to create a quantifiable and objective CR index that adjusts for the multifactorial nature of FEP.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We included 668 FEP patients and 217 healthy controls. Participants were assessed for sociodemographic information, years of education, employment status, premorbid IQ and biological parameters: waist circumference, hypertension, and levels of HDL, triglycerides, and glucose.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The findings suggest that the years of education proxy showed correlational and higher relationship with HDL levels for both FEP patients (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.23, <em>b</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.185) and controls (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.31, <em>b</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.342). We found that the CR index composed of years of education and HDL levels showed a higher explanatory power for the phenomenon than the classical CR index composed of years of education, employment status and premorbid IQ.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This article proposes an objective and quantifiable method to measure CR that is more the multifactorial nature of FEP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 146-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989123000125/pdfft?md5=903537041d03e1b61f60c74b85dc12ff&pid=1-s2.0-S1888989123000125-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49681818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive insight in first-episode psychosis: Exploring the complex relationship between executive functions and social cognition","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Social cognition<span> (SC) and executive function<span> (EF) have been described as important variables for social functioning and recovery of patients with psychosis. However, the relationship between SC and EF in first-episode psychosis (FEP) deserves further investigation, especially focusing on gender differences.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To investigate the relationship between EF and different domains of SC in FEP patients and to explore gender differences in the relationship between these domains.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>A cross-sectional study of 191 patients with new-onset psychosis recruited from two multicenter clinical trials<span>. A comprehensive cognitive battery was used to assess SC (Hinting Task, Face Test and IPSAQ) and EF (TMT, WSCT, </span></span>Stroop Test and digit span – WAIS-III). Pearson correlations and </span>linear regression models were performed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A correlation between Theory of Mind (ToM), Emotional Recognition (ER) and EF was found using the complete sample. Separating the sample by gender showed different association profiles between these variables in women and men.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A relationship between different domains of SC and EF is found. Moreover, women and men presented distinct association profiles between EF and SC. These results should be considered in order to improve the treatment of FEP patients and designing personalized interventions by gender.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 160-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139467604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actitudes de los psiquiatras sobre el tratamiento de las personas con un primer episodio psicótico en Cataluña","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 175-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87052867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Salamanca Plaza Mayor: A woman killed herself here, pray to God for her. Year 1838","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2023.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2023.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 129-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71430791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Reserve: “Whoever Had, Retained” …, and Much More","authors":"Paz García-Portilla","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 127-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive biases are associated with aberrant salience experience in schizophrenia spectrum disorders","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Cognitive models suggest the co-occurrence of cognitive biases and aberrant salience is unique to psychosis, but their interaction is not yet fully understood. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between subjective cognitive biases and aberrant salience in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) in this study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A sample of 92 subjects with SSDs underwent an assessment using Davos Assessment Cognitive Biases (DACOBS) and the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) in a cross-sectional design. We evaluated psychopathological differences based on ASI scores and conducted a linear regression analysis to examine the variables associated with aberrant salience.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Subjects with an ASI score ≥14 demonstrated significantly higher scores across all subscales and total score of ASI and DACOBS (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001). ASI subscales were significantly positive correlated with all DACOBS subscales, ranging from 0.250 for Increased Significance and Safety Behavior to 0.679 for Heightened Emotionality and Social cognition problems. The linear regression analysis revealed a positive association between aberrant salience and the DACOBS subscales jumping to conclusions (JTC) (<em>β</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.220), social cognition problems (<em>β</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.442), subjective cognitive problems (<em>β</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.405), and a negative association with the subscale belief inflexibility (<em>β</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->−0.350).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings suggest that JTC, social cognition problems and subjective cognitive problems may play a central role in the experience of aberrant salience in individuals with SSDs. This work informs about the need of developing prevention and intervention strategies that specifically target cognitive biases and aberrant salience in the treatment of psychosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 154-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950285323000054/pdfft?md5=7e61cf1e519c4340871e4934bc863454&pid=1-s2.0-S2950285323000054-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88744047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing cognitive reserve outcomes and biomarkers in first episode of psychosis: Rationale, objectives, protocol and preliminary results of the CRASH Project","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Cognitive reserve (CR) has proved to predict clinical, cognitive and functional outcomes. Despite this, it is necessary to shed greater light on the identification of factors associated with CR in first psychotic episodes (FEP). The aim of this article was to describe the rationale, objectives, protocol, and preliminary results for a new project of CR.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>The CRASH Project is a coordinated, multicenter and multimodal study of patients with a FEP with a one-year prospective longitudinal follow-up. This project is funded by the <em>Departament de Salut</em> of the <em>Generalitat de Catalunya</em><span> and file code SLT006/17/00345. The project was structured in four modules, each focusing on a different outcome measure: (1) General and Basic; (2) Neuroimaging; (3) Neurocognition; and (4) Biological.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 90 FEP patients and 100 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. There were no differences between patients and HC in terms of age (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.104), gender (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.140) and socioeconomic status (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.104). However, at inclusion, we found significant differences in functioning (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001), CR (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001), and all cognitive domains except executive functioning. Patients were clinically stable at inclusion.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results obtained by this project are hoped to contribute as much towards the understanding of the illness’ physiopathology as towards the generation of new treatment designs and therapeutic strategies that allow for a personalized management according to each individual's profile, which includes CR as well as clinical characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 138-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77839587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}