Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health最新文献

{"title":"Trends in the impact of suicide compared to other external causes of death: From 1995 to 2020.","authors":"Jimena María Merayo-Cano, Alejandro Porras-Segovia, Santiago Ovejero-Garcia, Enrique Baca-García","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide is one of the world's greatest public health problems. More than 700,000 people lose their lives to suicide every year. While funding for mental health waits to be increased, thousands of suicides occur every day.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study aims to quantify the global impact of suicide compared to other external causes of death in terms of years of potential life lost (YPLL), and how this will change between 1995 and 2020. Our source of information is the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database. We then use YPLL, a standard measure of premature mortality and burden of disease that brings precision to the assessment of the impact of different causes of death. This, combined with the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) as a way of expressing increase, gives us a better understanding of the real situation and trends of suicide compared to other external causes of death in different countries worldwide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the available sources of information and the selection criteria, we obtained a sample of 69 countries. The CAGR for all causes per capita decreased over the observed period in 65 countries, and it increases in 4 countries. In contrast, the CAGR specifically for suicide decreased in 49 countries, while an increase was observed in 20 countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prevention of most external causes of mortality shows promising data in most countries. However, this is not the case for suicide. Thus, YPLL due to suicide have decreased to a comparatively lesser extent and have even increased in some countries, a very worrying situation that poses many clinical and epidemiological challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141768419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex during oddball performance in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Pamela Chavarría-Elizondo, Carla Del Río-Torné, Pablo Maturana-Quijada, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Asier Juaneda, Inés Del Cerro, Andrés Guinea-Izquierdo, Jordi Gascón-Bayarri, Ramón Reñé-Ramírez, Mikel Urretavizcaya, Isidre Ferrer, José M Menchón, Virginia Soria, Carles Soriano-Mas","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The neural mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders in the elderly remain elusive, despite extensive neuroimaging research in recent decades. Amnestic type mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and late-life major depressive disorder (MDD) are two such conditions characterized by intersecting cognitive and affective symptomatology, and they are at a higher risk for Alzheimer's disease.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study analyzed the neural underpinnings of cognitive and depressive symptoms in a cohort comprising 12 aMCI subjects, 24 late-life MDD patients, and 26 healthy controls (HCs). Participants underwent a detailed neuropsychological assessment and completed a visual attentional oddball task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), with evaluations at baseline and at 2-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initial findings showed that aMCI subjects had reduced dACC activation during oddball (target) stimulus detection, a pattern that persisted in longitudinal analyses and correlated with cognitive functioning measures. For HCs, subsequent dACC activation was linked to depression scores. Furthermore, in the affective-cognitive altered groups, later dACC activation correlated with oddball and memory performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings enhance our comprehension of the neurobiological basis of cognitive and depressive disturbances in aging, indicating that dACC activation in response to a visual attentional oddball task could serve as a neural marker for assessing cognitive impairment and depression in conditions predisposing to Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141592544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into the effects of serotonin on Parkinson's disease and depression through its role in the gastrointestinal tract.","authors":"María Sancho-Alonso, Unai Sarriés-Serrano, Lluis Miquel-Rio, Claudia Yanes Castilla, Verónica Paz, José Javier Meana, Mario Perello, Analia Bortolozzi","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders are frequently associated with gastrointestinal (GI) co-pathologies. Although the central and enteric nervous systems (CNS and ENS, respectively) have been studied separately, there is increasing interest in factors that may contribute to conditions affecting both systems. There is compelling evidence that serotonin (5-HT) may play an important role in several gut-brain disorders. It is well known that 5-HT is essential for the development and functioning of the CNS. However, most of the body's 5-HT is produced in the GI tract. A deeper understanding of the specific effects of enteric 5-HT on gut-brain disorders may provide the basis for the development of new therapeutic targets. This review summarizes current data focusing on the important role of 5-HT in ENS development and motility, with particular emphasis on novel aspects of 5-HT signaling in conditions where CNS and ENS comorbidities are common, such as Parkinson's disease and depressive disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141592545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire for Adolescents (CoRe-A)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The objective is to design and analyze the psychometric properties of a new instrument, The Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire for Adolescents (CoRe-A), for assessing cognitive reserve in adolescents.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>A systematic review was conducted to identify cognitive reserve components, before items concerning them were discussed in terms of their suitability, relevance, and clarity. The final 12-item CoRe-A was subsequently validated among 48 adolescents diagnosed with severe </span>mental disorders and 37 healthy controls matched by age and sex.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The CoRe-A scale showed a four-factor structure (i.e., education/occupation, sociability, school performance/development, and leisure activities) that explained 65.30% of the variance. It had adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.767) and test–retest reliability (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.979; <em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <span><span>0.001). The patients with severe mental disorders obtained significantly lower scores than the healthy controls in both the total CoRe-A score and in the four factor scores. Moreover, the CoRe-A correctly classified 85.9% of the sample as patient with severe mental disorders or healthy control. The CoRe-A total score showed a large positive correlation with the Wechsler vocabulary subtest, demonstrating good </span>convergent validity (</span><em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.514; <em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001). Nevertheless, when vocabulary subtest and CoRe-A total score were compared, the CoRe-A reached a better discriminative capacity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The CoRe-A is a valid and reliable tool for assessing cognitive reserve in adolescents, and it may help to characterize adolescents diagnosed with a severe mental disorder.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 132-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75946078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of cognitive reserve in clinical, neurocognitive and lifestyle factors in chronic schizophrenia and early stages of schizophrenia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Although there is evidence that higher cognitive reserve (CR) is a protective factor and it has been related to better prognosis, there have been no studies to date that have explored the CR level and its impact in clinical, neurocognitive and lifestyle outcomes according to the stage of the disease: early stage of psychosis (ESP) or chronic schizophrenia (SCZ).</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p><span>A total of 60 patients in the ESP and 225 patients with SCZ were enrolled in the study. To test the predictive capacity of CR for each diagnostic group, a logistic regression analysis was conducted. Hierarchical </span>linear regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between CR and different outcomes. The mediation analyses were performed according to the principles of Baron and Kenny.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients with SCZ showed lower CR than those in the ESP (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001). CR correctly classified 79.6% of the cases (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001; Exp(<em>B</em>)<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.062). In ESP group, CR was related to working memory (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.030) and negative symptoms (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.027). CR (<em>t</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->3.925, <em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <span>0.001) and cannabis use (</span><em>t</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.023, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.048) explained 26.7% of the variance on functioning (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.003). In patients with SCZ, CR predicted all cognitive domains, negative symptoms (<em>R</em>² <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.091, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.001) and functioning (<em>R</em>² <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.074, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <span>0.005). In both ESP and SCZ groups, higher CR was associated with lower body mass index and circumference. In ESP group, the effect of adherence to Mediterranean diet on functioning (</span><em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.037) was mediated by CR level (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.003).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The implications of CR depend on the stage of the disease (ESP vs. SCZ), with a greater effect on neurocognition and negative symptoms in patients with chronic SCZ.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 168-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139467605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers as proxies for cognitive reserve: The role of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in first episode of psychosis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The proxies used to compose cognitive reserve (CR) for patients of a first episode of psychosis (FEP) have varied in the literature. The development of FEP is linked to peripheral pathways of the central nervous system, yet despite this knowledge, no research has considered the introduction of biomarkers as proxies for CR. Meanwhile, schizophrenia has been linked to the metabolic system, indicating that alterations in the levels of biological parameters, in particular high-density lipoproteins (HDL), cause worse global functioning and cognitive impairment. For these reasons, the present study aimed to create a quantifiable and objective CR index that adjusts for the multifactorial nature of FEP.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We included 668 FEP patients and 217 healthy controls. Participants were assessed for sociodemographic information, years of education, employment status, premorbid IQ and biological parameters: waist circumference, hypertension, and levels of HDL, triglycerides, and glucose.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The findings suggest that the years of education proxy showed correlational and higher relationship with HDL levels for both FEP patients (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.23, <em>b</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.185) and controls (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.31, <em>b</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.342). We found that the CR index composed of years of education and HDL levels showed a higher explanatory power for the phenomenon than the classical CR index composed of years of education, employment status and premorbid IQ.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This article proposes an objective and quantifiable method to measure CR that is more the multifactorial nature of FEP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 146-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989123000125/pdfft?md5=903537041d03e1b61f60c74b85dc12ff&pid=1-s2.0-S1888989123000125-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49681818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive insight in first-episode psychosis: Exploring the complex relationship between executive functions and social cognition","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Social cognition<span> (SC) and executive function<span> (EF) have been described as important variables for social functioning and recovery of patients with psychosis. However, the relationship between SC and EF in first-episode psychosis (FEP) deserves further investigation, especially focusing on gender differences.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To investigate the relationship between EF and different domains of SC in FEP patients and to explore gender differences in the relationship between these domains.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>A cross-sectional study of 191 patients with new-onset psychosis recruited from two multicenter clinical trials<span>. A comprehensive cognitive battery was used to assess SC (Hinting Task, Face Test and IPSAQ) and EF (TMT, WSCT, </span></span>Stroop Test and digit span – WAIS-III). Pearson correlations and </span>linear regression models were performed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A correlation between Theory of Mind (ToM), Emotional Recognition (ER) and EF was found using the complete sample. Separating the sample by gender showed different association profiles between these variables in women and men.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A relationship between different domains of SC and EF is found. Moreover, women and men presented distinct association profiles between EF and SC. These results should be considered in order to improve the treatment of FEP patients and designing personalized interventions by gender.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 160-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139467604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actitudes de los psiquiatras sobre el tratamiento de las personas con un primer episodio psicótico en Cataluña","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 175-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87052867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Salamanca Plaza Mayor: A woman killed herself here, pray to God for her. Year 1838","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2023.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2023.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 129-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71430791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Reserve: “Whoever Had, Retained” …, and Much More","authors":"Paz García-Portilla","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 127-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}