Sociology Lens最新文献

{"title":"Consumption and Dignified Life: A Socio-Historic Restatement","authors":"Mauricio Casanova Brito","doi":"10.1111/johs.12435","DOIUrl":"10.1111/johs.12435","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article provides an examination of the concept of consumption within the fields of sociology and economic historiography. Two theoretical approaches towards this phenomenon exist in the literature: the consumer society as a characteristic element of late capitalism in the 20th century and the society of consumption as a fundamental aspect in the historical origins of modern society between the 17th and 19th centuries. The article challenges one of the central premises of the first approach, which suggests that mass consumption contaminates a previously given society. Instead, I argue that the expansion of a consumer society during the early phase of capitalism created the conditions for the emergence of an emancipatory ideal of dignified life associated with a basic standard of consumption. This concept served as a historical precursor to the contemporary notion of absolute poverty.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 4","pages":"443-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Science in the Trading Zone: Interdisciplinarity and the ‘Environment’","authors":"Elliot Honeybun-Arnolda","doi":"10.1111/johs.12434","DOIUrl":"10.1111/johs.12434","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interdisciplinarity continues to be a focus and method for complex social and environmental challenges. This paper explores how the School of Environmental Sciences (ENV) at the University of East Anglia (UEA) which was founded through the idea of scientific interdisciplinarity operated in practice to create new knowledge about a new object of concern, the ‘environment’. Using the ‘trading zone’ concept, the social and epistemic processes behind making scientific interdisciplinarity a material and institutional reality are uncovered, and to what extent interdisciplinary knowledge was <i>actually</i> produced. This paper concludes that interdisciplinary processes can be effective in dealing with complex challenges but often rely on the institutional and social dynamics of the researchers involved. Historicising interdisciplinarity in knowledge-making settings can go some way in supporting new interdisciplinary endeavours associated with environmental and climate research.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 4","pages":"414-428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/johs.12434","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135386628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Throat - A Silent Cry","authors":"Zenglin Yang","doi":"10.1111/johs.12433","DOIUrl":"10.1111/johs.12433","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Almost every city and every citizen in China had experienced lockdown at least once.</p><p>Today, I accidentally killed a mosquito. I don't usually hurt any creature, not even the tiniest. But this mosquito was so persistent that it pushed me to my limits. It kept buzzing around me for two whole hours as I tried to sleep. When it landed on my face, I couldn't hold back any longer.</p><p>I slapped it, it died, leaving a tiny mark on my hand.</p><p>On another day, I saw a pigeon tied up in front of a convenience store. It couldn't fly away, but it wasn't locked in a cage either. The bird just stood there, not even trying to break free. It made me wonder, has it ever attempted to escape?</p><p>I also saw a man, drunk by 9 pm. His head was low, as if weighed down by his problems. I guessed that the lockdowns must have played a part in his situation. He seemed to mirror us all in a way, as we were all grappling with the effects of the pandemic, along with the pressures of life.</p><p>Today, I take part in a strange ritual for the hundredth time – a swab test. This alien thing invading my throat has become an ordinary feeling. But living under the constant shadow of the pandemic is still a challenge. Every visit to the test site increases the sense of dread. There's an electric horn constantly reminding us to “line up, show your health and travel codes.” People move forward slowly, like a long line of cattle under the hot sun, waiting their turn to undergo this bleak ritual.</p><p>But this is the way to keep some sense of a normal life, to be a responsible citizen. Still, I can't help but ask: should we have to go through this invasive test three times a week, becoming part of a never-ending cycle of pandemic procedure? My roommate jokes that our throats have grown tough from the countless swabs scraping them.</p><p>In reality, I feel a new strength in my throat, a change brought on by these repeated invasions.</p><p>Now, I open my mouth wide, not to yell, but to stay quiet.</p><p>Waiting for my hundredth test, I realize: life in a pandemic is like enduring a swab test – the swab goes in, twists, and turns, making you want to gag, your eyes tear up, you feel sick. But you can't do anything, you can only watch in silence.</p><p>Ah, it's my turn now…</p><p>Reality has taken a surreal turn. Shanghai, the shining star of China's urban landscape, has been under the grip of an unseen enemy for a month. The city that never sleeps is now unable to provide even basic necessities like food. Many are succumbing to hunger. A rising number of suicides add to the grim reality, victims of desperation, untreated chronic illnesses, or perhaps, acts of defiance against the harsh COVID restrictions. They are casualties of the pandemic, but none officially die due to COVID.</p><p>I, too, am caught in another top-tier city, Shenzhen. I can only step outside after another PCR test. The city has been transformed into a fenced maze, cutting us off from one another, restric","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 4","pages":"474-477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/johs.12433","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135059869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic Behaviour and Risk Aversion in Local Governance","authors":"Josephine Harmon","doi":"10.1111/johs.12423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/johs.12423","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Under what conditions is local governance influenced by external interests? I illustrate the capacity of external lobbies' strategic behavior to affect local change on hot button issues by exploiting resource asymmetries between them. Using a case of gun policy in the Chicago suburbs, I analyse how local policymaking on guns changed. While the gun lobby's federal impact has been explored, its local influence is insufficiently considered. I find two main insights. First, the institutional landscape around firearms after 2008 impacted local policymaking that was resilient to challenge in 1981. Second, the gun lobby became more resourceful in its influencing strategies, which activated the latent potential of these institutional changes to exert a local effect. This granular study contributes insights on the gun lobby's local impact and the institutional local consequences federal changes brought. This comparative analysis theorises the NRA's strategic use of ‘precedent as resource’, locales' risk aversion when faced with better-resourced external lobbies, and how resource asymmetries become significant in unfavorable legal environments, with wider implications regarding lobby-locale policy interactions after <i>Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization</i> (2022). The social-political uses of law as a strategic resource offers a study of the downstream impacts of the courts' politicization since the 2000s.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 3","pages":"305-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/johs.12423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50131374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Glass Bottle, A Talk, A Falling Star","authors":"Sahar Te,&nbsp;Aman Sandhu","doi":"10.1111/johs.12430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/johs.12430","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 13-minute video excerpt from an artist talk, “Listen to the Voices in my Head,” delivered on December 2nd, 2022, by Sahar Te at the Alberta University of the Arts. Accompanying the video is a written response by artist and writer Aman Sandhu who was present at the talk.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 3","pages":"394-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/johs.12430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50130892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Legacy of Matthew Shepard: Queer Erasure and the Lives of Rural LGBTQ+ Young Adults","authors":"Jennifer Tabler,&nbsp;Racheal Pinkham,&nbsp;Rachel M. Schmitz,&nbsp;Katelyn Golladay","doi":"10.1111/johs.12432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/johs.12432","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Applying a queer historical framework, this study examines the legacy of Matthew Shepard while centering the perspectives of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, Two–Spirit, and other people of expansive genders or sexualities (LGBTQ+). In particular, this study highlights the varied responses of LGBTQ+ people during and after his murder, and how queer young adults living and working in Wyoming today have been shaped by Shepard's legacy. Drawing on evidence from archival and interview data (<i>n</i> = 23 interviews), we argue that the social process of collective memory endemic to Matthew Shepard has largely been one of erasure—not erasure of the incident itself, but erasure of historical and contemporary queer activism, community, and resistance in the region. For many young people, Matthew Shepard's legacy is that of a cautionary tale. His name is invoked by allies and anti-LGBTQ+ people alike to deter LGBTQ+ visibility, thereby constructing and reifying a heteronormative imagining of rural America. This study illustrates the value and importance of expanding queer history to represent rural queer voices in diverse, nuanced, and accurate ways. We also make a call for Sociologists to examine how they, too, may be perpetuating rural queer erasure within their scholarship.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 3","pages":"282-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50131163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a Sociology of Moral Giving: Social Motivations and Functions of Acts of Donation","authors":"Melek Eyigunlu","doi":"10.1111/johs.12431","DOIUrl":"10.1111/johs.12431","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article proposes a theoretical approach to the sociology of moral giving. ‘Moral giving’ is a novel term introduced to cover acts of charity, philanthropy, and suchlike, both individual and as associated with donor institutions, such as family foundations and civil society organisations. A topic in moral philosophy for centuries, it has sociological aspects that have not been well studied. Inevitably, there is a complex range of functions motivating moral-giving actions, including the social ends (benefits, rewards, etc.) that motivate donors. Assuming not to distinguish between motive and function as (potential) drivers, this study presents an analysis of the social motivations of moral giving from an integrative perspective. First, a particularist approach is considered and a novel synthesis of the micro-macro dichotomy is outlined. Then, five major motivations or perspectives on moral giving are identified – those of religion, exchange relations, solidarity, rational choice, and social capital – and their micro/macro orientations and intersecting functions are briefly reviewed. An integrative model is thereby developed that incorporates mutually transitive relations between macro structures and micro agents and between the various social motives of moral giving.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 4","pages":"429-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/johs.12431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83545973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thought Work: The Hesitant Transition to Nationalism in China's 1980s","authors":"Luyang Zhou","doi":"10.1111/johs.12428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/johs.12428","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many scholars note that since the early 1990s, the CCP has been invoking Chinese nationalism to rescue the party's declining ideological legitimacy. Probing China's political indoctrination (thought work), this article makes two contributions to such conventional consensus. First, empirically it argues that the rise of nationalism in the 1990s was not altogether new. Instead, from the early 1980s, the CCP had been switching to “patriotism.” Second, this article argues that the communist regime's transition to nationalism was hesitant. It was an interactive process whereby multiple layers of the society and elite, confused alike, worked together to explore whether and how to embrace nationalism. The nation-building also bore the imprint of the revolutionary and state-socialist past. This article suggests that though the nation-state has become the dominant political format of the world, as a pattern it fuses with a society's traditions, preconditions, and internal struggles. Such fusions made nation-building in the non-Western world unseparated from quasi-national legacies such as revolution and socialism and could yield consequences other than capitalism and democracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 3","pages":"346-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50138773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Structure/Process Approach to Legitimacy: A Local Official's Selection and Legitimation of a Tax Policy in Mid-Late Ming Dynasty China","authors":"Zetao Chen","doi":"10.1111/johs.12429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/johs.12429","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most studies on the connection between the legitimacy of an authority and its policy selection and legitimation follow a structure approach to legitimacy, which recognises an authoritative actor's selection and legitimation of a policy as determined by the subjects' collective commitment to values. Consequently, it cannot empirically explain policy variation under collective commitment to values and changes in those values. Building on existing processual theories and following the conceptualisation of legitimacy as a social process, this study proposes an integral process approach to legitimacy whereby an authority selects and legitimises a perceived legitimate policy towards subjects. Drawing on findings from a negative case methodology applied to the selection and legitimation of a tax policy by an official in Ming China, this study offers substantive content for an integral process approach to legitimacy. It develops the state legitimacy concept and contributes to emerging theories on the legitimacy dimension of fiscal state formation. Empirically, this study illustrates how the data from the nationwide field survey in mid-late Ming China were used in tax collection at the local level and illuminates the discrepancies between the survey data and that recorded in local official tax registers.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 3","pages":"366-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50138772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee Shop Owners as Unexpected Tourist Guides in İstanbul's Fener, Balat, and Ayvansaray Neighbourhoods","authors":"İlhan Zeynep Karakılıç,&nbsp;Ayşe Nilüfer Narlı","doi":"10.1111/johs.12422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/johs.12422","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to understand how the durability of the past may be visible in a place whose past is constantly reinterpreted and unintentionally remade by coffee shop owners in their conversations with their customers in the framework of ongoing economic transformations while they weave their own identities into that of the neighbourhood. In the absence of any readily available information about the history of the area, the coffee shop owners of the Fener, Balat, and Ayvansaray neighbourhoods of İstanbul interpret the cosmopolitan past of the area within the limitations of the materiality of these neighbourhoods under the influence of economic conditions. In this respect, while this article shows how social memory is commodified and tamed for daily usage, it also argues that it is a process that includes different actors and their interpretations, and that this process is bounded by the materiality and durability of the past.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 3","pages":"328-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/johs.12422","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50143147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}