Sociology LensPub Date : 2023-04-18DOI: 10.1111/johs.12397
Lilian Abou-Tabickh
{"title":"A New Reading of the Ẓāhir and Bāṭin of History in Al-Muqaddima by Ibn Khaldun","authors":"Lilian Abou-Tabickh","doi":"10.1111/johs.12397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/johs.12397","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This essay offers a new interpretation of the terms <i>ẓāhir</i> and <i>bāṭin</i> in <i>Al</i>-<i>Muqaddima</i> based on Ibn Khaldun's philosophy of language and rhetorical style. It shows that the figurative phrase <i>fī bāṭinihi</i>, followed by the term <i>naẓar</i>, implies that <i>bāṭin</i> is where historians should look to verify their information. On this reading, <i>bāṭin</i> denotes human association and its “essential conditions”. The terms also imply that there is reason in the <i>bāṭin</i> of history. Polities are at the core of history and its study, and politics requires reason to conduct. In this context, <i>bāṭin</i> is the content and substance of history, which refers to political organization and the range of rational actions required for the management of society. The <i>ẓāhir</i> of history, on the other hand, refers to the expression where the conditions of speech need to conform to the conditions in human association. This interpretation underscores the role of choice in <i>Al-Muqaddima</i> and challenges the determinism prevalent in the secondary literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 2","pages":"240-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50145296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sociology LensPub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.1111/johs.12419
Ghada Alatrash
{"title":"On Decolonizing Curriculums: The Unethicality and Implications of Western Knowledge on Arab Subjectivity","authors":"Ghada Alatrash","doi":"10.1111/johs.12419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/johs.12419","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this essay (originally delivered as a lecture at Alberta University of the Arts), my thoughts are centered around the question of the ethics of knowledge as an Arab racialized pedagogue and researcher in Western academia. Today, as I grapple with the notion of decolonization, I wish to think about the ways in which knowledge, or what is deemed as knowledge, is read and inscribed, interpreted, distorted, and even silenced in our epistemologies, and of its implications on my subjectivity as an Arab. I wish to think about how this knowledge also constitutes the ethics on which we knowingly, or unknowingly, participate in the everydayness of our lived realities; I suggest that we engage in “epistemic resistance” and “epistemic activism” as “practices of interrogation and resistance that unmask, disrupt, uproot biases and insensitivity.”</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 2","pages":"198-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50130571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sociology LensPub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.1111/johs.12421
Ayse Nilüfer Narlı, Kaya Akyıldız, Tuba Bircan
{"title":"The Polarization of Traumas and Selective Remembering: Competing Political Memories of Military Coups in Contemporary Turkey","authors":"Ayse Nilüfer Narlı, Kaya Akyıldız, Tuba Bircan","doi":"10.1111/johs.12421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/johs.12421","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on a national survey funded by the TÜBİTAK SOBAG Program, conducted with 1,957 respondents in 12 cities during 2013-2014, this article examines the political memory of the 1960, 1971, 1980, and 1997 coups by describing the memories and accompanying emotions of Turkish adults. It then explains how differences in remembering and not remembering the coups are related to demographic, socio-cultural, political identity, and fear variables. The data reveals diverse, multidirectional, and contesting coup memory patterns. While religiosity was associated with the memories of the 1960 and 1997 coups, self-declared conservatism, modernity, political identity, political fears differed across the republican/secular and conservative/Islamist divides. The multidirectional and polarized remembering is largely a reflection of the current political context of a polarized memory regime instilled by the ruling Justice and Development Party from the basis of the 1990s′ memory landscape, which was filled with diverse and competing narratives that challenged early republican political memories.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 2","pages":"223-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50121544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sociology LensPub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.1111/johs.12420
Margaret R. Eby
{"title":"From Right to Responsibility: Resonance and Radicalism in Feminist-Led Reproductive Control Movements, 1905-1942","authors":"Margaret R. Eby","doi":"10.1111/johs.12420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/johs.12420","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How do leaders of social movements leverage resonance and radicalism to achieve movement goals? As eugenics gained prominence from the end of the 19th century through World War II, feminist leaders of contraceptive access movements pushed for the acceptance of birth control simultaneously as a right for women and as a tool to further racist, ableist and ethnonationalist eugenic interventions. This paper analyzes the trajectories of two feminist birth control activists in the United States and Germany to trace the development and divergence of their movements alongside eugenics through three general framings over the first half of the 20th century: advocating the individual, advancing humanity, and augmenting the state. This research uses personal papers and social movement records to show that these cases present a kind of double resonance through which movement leaders could reframe reproductive control as a solution not only to the problems of their audiences, but also legitimize their politics and identities. By contextualizing eugenics alongside neo-Malthusianism, birth control, abortion, and reproductive governance, this analysis helps to map reproductive control as a device historically wielded by white feminists to organize broader political support to fit varying and contradictory ideological projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 2","pages":"166-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/johs.12420","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50119912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sociology LensPub Date : 2023-03-25DOI: 10.1111/johs.12417
Meta Cramer
{"title":"Colonial Scholars and Anti-Colonial Agents: Politics of Academic Knowledge Production Between the West Indies and London in the Mid-20th Century","authors":"Meta Cramer","doi":"10.1111/johs.12417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/johs.12417","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper analyses the socio-spatial entanglement of West Indian anti-colonial knowledge production in the mid-20<sup>th</sup> century existing <i>between</i> London and the Caribbean. This is interpreted as a case of the paradoxical politics of academic knowledge production in that British imperial policies that were constraining knowledge production in the West Indies were also seen as facilitating anti-colonial awareness and work in London by West Indian actors. Research demonstrating the importance of the metropole as a meeting place for global anti-colonial actors is complemented by shifting the focus to the entangled space <i>between</i> London and the West Indies. This article comparatively analyses the academic politics of the British Colonial Office – a spatial dislocation of knowledge production away from the West Indies – and its perception and challenge by Caribbean intellectuals who were temporarily based in London. The analysis builds on contributions by C.L.R. James and S. Wynter and their reflections on the institutionalisation of research in the West Indies and their experiences in London. Overall, I emphasise a relational and symmetrising analysis of knowledge production in imperial contexts that accounts for the entanglement of imperial politics in the metropole and the colonies, and the perception and potential use of these political entanglements by actors in and from colonial contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 2","pages":"208-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/johs.12417","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50143554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sociology LensPub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1111/johs.12410
Alexandra Villarreal
{"title":"Two Bridges, A Century Apart: The Cruel Cosmovision of Law and Violence at the Texas-Mexico Border","authors":"Alexandra Villarreal","doi":"10.1111/johs.12410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/johs.12410","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 1","pages":"94-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50136140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sociology LensPub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1111/johs.12402
María Teresa Canelones, J. Brent Crosson
{"title":"Breaking the Heart's Borders: From “Dark Anthropology” to Dark Humor in the Telling of Migration","authors":"María Teresa Canelones, J. Brent Crosson","doi":"10.1111/johs.12402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/johs.12402","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 1","pages":"123-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50142535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sociology LensPub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.1111/johs.12406
J. Brent Crosson
{"title":"Immigration Policing as Holey War: Rings of Connection, Deadly Gaps, and State Loopholes in the Struggle for Asylum","authors":"J. Brent Crosson","doi":"10.1111/johs.12406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/johs.12406","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article uses the concept of holes rather than borders to articulate the space that US immigration policing engenders. In contradistinction to borders—lines or zones that can be mapped, walled, or policed to delimit sovereign bodies—holes are strategic exceptions to mappable sovereignties. Rather than fixed, mappable boundaries, holes are mutable and in flux, thriving on the shifting potential to appear or disappear and to make people disappear as legal subjects. If US immigration policing operates, to a large extent, through holes distributed across borders and long-distance spaces, then any mapping of this power that centers national borders or bounded nation-states alone is insufficient. I show how the policing of Venezuelan migration centers the distribution of holes from South and Central America to spaces within the US that are far from “the border.” Against a discursive focus on “the border” and the border wall in US rhetoric on immigration, I argue that the actual practices of impeding flows of immigration or channeling them through spaces of death have increasingly operated through holey space. If holy space has been defined in studies of religion as a sacred space set apart from mundane rules, then the hol(e)y spaces of immigration are set apart from fixed conceptions of “the rule of law.” A focus on holes shows how the legal order of immigration depends more on exceptions, personalized or arbitrary power, and the instability of interim extra-legal executive orders than a dichotomy of legal/illegal. Despite their necropolitical power, holes do not create an entirely striated, hierarchical space. Holes are also rings of connection and passageways, highlighting the creativity and agency of asylum seekers in forging dignity under extremely difficult conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 1","pages":"31-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50150809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sociology LensPub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.1111/johs.12418
Norbert Ebert
{"title":"From Keynes' Possibilities to Contemporary Precarities: Reflections on the Origins of Our Economically and Politically Precarious Times","authors":"Norbert Ebert","doi":"10.1111/johs.12418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/johs.12418","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In his essay <i>Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren</i> John Maynard Keynes delineates an economic utopia where most work is done with the aid of technology. In contrast to pessimistic views associated with the term ‘technological unemployment’ today, Keynes offers an optimistic vision for work societies where technology facilitates more freedom from paid work. Keynes also envisaged a softening of the capitalist work ethic and achievement principle. Today, however, technologically inflicted unemployment is perceived as a threat where gainful employment as a cost and meaningful activity is reduced while profits are maximized. Simultaneously, moral pressures to be employed, self-sufficient and to contribute to society have solidified. Inspired by Keynes' vision, it is argued that the origins of our economically and politically precarious times lie in a ‘de-politicization of work’. What Keynes perceives as economic possibilities needs to be complemented with political possibilities which otherwise turn into economic and political precarities.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"36 2","pages":"185-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/johs.12418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50133211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}