RSC Pharmaceutics最新文献

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Drug-loaded 3D-printed magnetically guided pills for biomedical applications 用于生物医学应用的载药3d打印磁导药丸
RSC Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1039/D4PM00313F
Eirini Myrovali, Aikaterini-Theodora Chatzitaki, Kyrillos Papadopoulos and Dimitrios G. Fatouros
{"title":"Drug-loaded 3D-printed magnetically guided pills for biomedical applications","authors":"Eirini Myrovali, Aikaterini-Theodora Chatzitaki, Kyrillos Papadopoulos and Dimitrios G. Fatouros","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00313F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00313F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The traditional treatment of stomach cancer is based on a combination of surgery and chemo/radiotherapy leading to severe side effects and endless pain. The objective of this study is the development of 3D-printed drug-loaded magnetic pills with multifunctional behavior under external stimuli to be exploited for cancer therapy in hollow organs. Their construction was based on magnetic hydrogels combined with doxorubicin. Firstly, the printing fidelity was examined using two ratios of sodium alginate to carbopol (1 : 2 and 2 : 1) with two different concentrations (4 and 8 mg mL<small><sup>−1</sup></small>) of magnetic nanoparticles. The rheological measurements confirmed the material printability for preparing a 3D-printed magnetic pill in both ratios. The 3D-printed magnetic pill demonstrated strong magnetic attraction when subjected to an externally applied magnetic field confirming its ability to be remote-controlled. Thus, the magnetic component of the pills could be used for their locomotion in a targeted area using a static magnetic field, thereby increasing the residence time in a specific area of the stomach. All the prepared pills retained their morphology and shape confirming their structural integrity within a simulated gastric fluid solution (pH = 1.2). 3D-printed drug loaded magnetic and non magnetic pills were measured by applying an AC magnetic field with an amplitude of 50 mT and a frequency of 375 kHz to examine their heating ability and, consequently, the drug release. <em>In vitro</em> drug release from the 3D-printed drug-loaded magnetic pill has demonstrated a faster drug release (within 24 hours) compared with the non-magnetic 3D-printed pill. This enables a significantly localized drug release, on-demand, into the targeted area. The primary benefit of these applications could be the reduction in drug dosage, thereby potentially minimizing the immediate side effects associated with chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 2","pages":" 292-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00313f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
AI-driven innovations in pharmaceuticals: optimizing drug discovery and industry operations 人工智能驱动的制药创新:优化药物发现和行业运营
RSC Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1039/D4PM00323C
Jaskaran Preet Singh Saini, Ankita Thakur and Deepak Yadav
{"title":"AI-driven innovations in pharmaceuticals: optimizing drug discovery and industry operations","authors":"Jaskaran Preet Singh Saini, Ankita Thakur and Deepak Yadav","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00323C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00323C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The integration of artificial intelligence into the pharmaceutical industry has led to significant transformation in the process of drug discovery and development and management of the pharmaceutical sector. Artificial intelligence has accelerated the process of drug discovery by several folds owing to its ability to analyse large datasets and predict drug–target(receptor) interactions, which effectively reduces the time and expenditure. AI enables clinical trial design and patient recruitment through predictive analytics during the trial. It also allows for real-time tracking of patient outcomes and predicts the effectiveness of a trial. Artificial intelligence-driven automation also assists in manufacturing and supply chain processes, enabling inventory optimization and predictive maintenance and thereby improving the productivity as well as affordability of these processes. The current review discusses various key applications, prospects, and challenges of AI in the pharmaceutical industry, focussing on its transformative potential while addressing the need for ethical and regulatory frameworks to ensure equitable and safe AI adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 3","pages":" 437-454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00323c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Formation of drug–drug salt crystals and co-amorphous forms of levofloxacin and 4-aminosalicylic acid for pulmonary applications† 药物-药物盐晶体的形成和左氧氟沙星和4-氨基水杨酸的共无定形肺应用†
RSC Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1039/D4PM00250D
Hiroshi Ueda, Jun Yee Tse, Tetsuya Miyano, Yuzuki Nakayama, Peiwen Mo, Yuta Hatanaka, Hiromasa Uchiyama, Yuichi Tozuka and Kazunori Kadota
{"title":"Formation of drug–drug salt crystals and co-amorphous forms of levofloxacin and 4-aminosalicylic acid for pulmonary applications†","authors":"Hiroshi Ueda, Jun Yee Tse, Tetsuya Miyano, Yuzuki Nakayama, Peiwen Mo, Yuta Hatanaka, Hiromasa Uchiyama, Yuichi Tozuka and Kazunori Kadota","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00250D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00250D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A dry powder inhaler is a viable formulation for pulmonary delivery; however, the co-delivery of multiple drugs requires a specially designed device. This study aimed to design multi-component crystal and amorphous forms for the co-delivery of levofloxacin (LVF) and 4-aminosalicylic acid (ASA). New multi-component crystals of LVF and ASA, crystal-I and crystal-II, were formed by solvent evaporation and slurry conversion. Thermal analysis revealed that crystal-I and crystal-II were the hydrate and anhydrate forms, respectively. Upon heating, each crystal was converted to different crystals. All polymorphs reverted to crystal-I during storage. The co-amorphous (CA) form was obtained by spray drying, which exhibited a relatively high glass transition temperature above 100 °C. Multi-component crystals and CA were estimated as salts by single crystal X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. An <em>in vitro</em> aerodynamic performance test was performed for LVF, ASA, physical mixture (PM), crystal-I, and CA. The fine particle fraction (FPF, %) of LVF/ASA was 0.9/13.3 for pure drugs and 0.4/14.1 for PM. However, the FPF (%) for crystal-I and CA significantly improved to 25.4/29.9 and 20.0/20.6, respectively, with the co-delivery of LVF and ASA. We conclude that the design of multi-component crystals and co-amorphous forms is an effective strategy for the simultaneous delivery of inhalation drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 2","pages":" 264-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00250d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Peptide-derived gold nanoparticles as a promising delivery system for Src targeting siRNA in breast cancer cells† 肽衍生的金纳米颗粒作为Src靶向siRNA在乳腺癌细胞中的一种有前途的递送系统
RSC Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1039/D4PM00249K
Uday Suryakanta, Bijayananda Panigrahi, Sumana Pal, Swatilekha Das, Soumyadeep Biswas and Dindyal Mandal
{"title":"Peptide-derived gold nanoparticles as a promising delivery system for Src targeting siRNA in breast cancer cells†","authors":"Uday Suryakanta, Bijayananda Panigrahi, Sumana Pal, Swatilekha Das, Soumyadeep Biswas and Dindyal Mandal","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00249K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00249K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is involved in various cellular processes including cell division, motility, adhesion, angiogenesis, and survival. RNAi therapy, particularly siRNA, aims to silence genes essential for tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance. In this study, previously developed linear peptides containing tryptophan and histidine/arginine were screened for synthesizing gold nanoparticles. The efficiency of the derived nanoparticles was investigated for nucleic acid delivery. The synthesized AuNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, TEM, and DLS. Gel retardation assays demonstrated strong siRNA binding (90%) by gold nanoparticles compared to peptides alone (40%), specifically for peptide W4R4. FACS results revealed a 10-fold enhancement in the cellular uptake of fluorescence-tagged siRNA when delivered <em>via</em> nanoparticles compared to that of naked siRNA. Confocal microscopy confirmed siRNA localization primarily in the cytosol and partially in the nucleus. Western blot analysis indicated 78% downregulation of the Src protein in MCF-7 cells using AuNP/siRNA complexes. These results collectively indicate that the synthesized AuNPs are promising delivery systems for siRNA and might be a potential candidate for RNAi therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 3","pages":" 581-597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00249k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Particle-based investigation of excipients stability: the effect of storage conditions on moisture content and swelling† 基于颗粒的辅料稳定性研究:贮存条件对含水量和溶胀的影响
RSC Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1039/D4PM00259H
Isra Ibrahim, Mark Carroll, Anas Almudahka, James Mann, Alexander Abbott, Fredrik Winge, Adrian Davis, Bart Hens, Ibrahim Khadra and Daniel Markl
{"title":"Particle-based investigation of excipients stability: the effect of storage conditions on moisture content and swelling†","authors":"Isra Ibrahim, Mark Carroll, Anas Almudahka, James Mann, Alexander Abbott, Fredrik Winge, Adrian Davis, Bart Hens, Ibrahim Khadra and Daniel Markl","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00259H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00259H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Moisture sensitivity poses a challenge in formulating oral dosage forms, particularly when considering disintegrants’ swelling due to prior moisture exposure, impacting performance and physical stability. This study utilises dynamic vapour sorption to simulate real-world storage scenarios, investigating the equilibrium moisture content and dynamics of eight commonly used excipients in oral solid dosage forms. A model was developed to determine the kinetic rate constant of moisture sorption and desorption for different storage conditions. Dynamic vapour sorption tests revealed that excipients with higher moisture-binding capacities showed slower equilibration to the target relative humidity (RH). Elevated temperatures accelerated the moisture sorption/desorption process for all excipients, reducing the equilibrated moisture content for most, except mannitol and lactose. Particle imaging over a 14-day accelerated storage period quantified swelling, indicating approximately 6% increase in particle diameter for croscarmellose sodium (CCS) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG), and a lesser 2.7% for microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), predominantly caused by the humidity. All excipients reached their swelling peak within the first day of storage, with permanent particle size enlargement for CCS and SSG, whereas MCC displayed a partial reversibility post-storage. Enhancing our understanding of excipients’ stability and interaction with moisture and the resulting particle swelling contributes to the rational design of oral solid dosage formulations and promotes a better understanding of their long-term physical stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 2","pages":" 369-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00259h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sugar-decorated cholesterol-core nanoparticles as potential targeting nanomedicines for the delivery of lipophilic drugs† 糖修饰的胆固醇核心纳米颗粒作为潜在的靶向纳米药物递送亲脂性药物
RSC Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1039/D4PM00317A
Laís Rossetto Ferraz de Barros, Carlos Eduardo de Castro, Anabella Patricia Rosso, Rodrigo da Costa Duarte, Alexandre Gonçalves Dal-Bó, Wendel Andrade Alves and Fernando Carlos Giacomelli
{"title":"Sugar-decorated cholesterol-core nanoparticles as potential targeting nanomedicines for the delivery of lipophilic drugs†","authors":"Laís Rossetto Ferraz de Barros, Carlos Eduardo de Castro, Anabella Patricia Rosso, Rodrigo da Costa Duarte, Alexandre Gonçalves Dal-Bó, Wendel Andrade Alves and Fernando Carlos Giacomelli","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00317A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00317A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Targeted drug delivery is a precise and effective strategy in oncotherapy and can be achieved through sugar-decorated assemblies since glucose receptors are overexpressed on cancer cell membranes to compensate for their increased glucose demands. In this study, core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using amphiphilic macromolecules comprising hydrophobic cholesterol (Chol) segments conjugated to hydrophilic polyethylene oxide containing azide group (Chol-PEO<small><sub>22</sub></small>-N<small><sub>3</sub></small>) or substituted with the carbohydrate <em>N</em>-acetyl-<small>D</small>-glucosamine (Chol-PEO<small><sub>22</sub></small>-GlcNAc) <em>via</em> a click chemistry reaction. These self-assemblies, which are smaller than 100 nm and suitable for cancer treatment, demonstrated efficient loading efficiency (exceeding 70%) with ursolic acid (UA), a hydrophobic drug, serving as a proof-of-concept for targeted therapy using natural compounds against non-small cell lung cancer. The incorporation of sugar molecules modified the structural characteristics of the nanocarriers, resulting in larger and presumably less dense particles. This modification influenced the UA release mechanism, leading to a faster and nearly complete release over a week, whereas approximately 60% of the encapsulated UA remained entrapped in the Chol-PEO<small><sub>22</sub></small>-N<small><sub>3</sub></small> NPs. Enhanced cell cytotoxicity was achieved with UA-loaded NPs with <em>in vitro</em> cell viability assays indicating at least two-fold increase in the inhibitory effect of the drug-loaded nanocarriers. The targeted delivery was also demonstrated as UA-loaded Chol-PEO<small><sub>22</sub></small>-GlcNAc NPs showed greater internalization by cancer cells than their healthy counterparts.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 2","pages":" 387-397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00317a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The rise of mRNA therapeutic vaccines† mRNA治疗性疫苗的兴起
RSC Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1039/D4PM00309H
Jinlu Du, Ziling Fan, Jiangming Huang, Zhengyuan Li, Hongguo Hu and Yanxia Li
{"title":"The rise of mRNA therapeutic vaccines†","authors":"Jinlu Du, Ziling Fan, Jiangming Huang, Zhengyuan Li, Hongguo Hu and Yanxia Li","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00309H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00309H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >During the COVID-19 pandemic, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines were developed and approved to curb the spread of coronavirus. After over 16 billion doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech-Fosun and Moderna mRNA vaccines were administered, the immune protection and clinical value of the lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform were fully demonstrated. Herein, we provide a detailed overview of the mRNA–LNP structure and immunogenicity function and provide mechanistic insights into the ability of the LNP to elicit an immune response to combat diseases. The challenges and solutions to address these are discussed. Finally, by learning from the fast-growing and most recent advances in mRNA therapeutic vaccines, from both pre-clinical and clinical aspects, we can further expand the mRNA platform to develop a new generation of mRNA therapeutic vaccines, satisfying unmet medical needs beyond COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 2","pages":" 235-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00309h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative evaluation of cocrystalline and coamorphous forms comprised of gefitinib and dasatinib for performance optimization† 吉非替尼和达沙替尼组成的共晶和共非晶形式的性能优化比较评价
RSC Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1039/D4PM00237G
Xian-Bi Shi, Zhi-Qing Wang, Hui-Tian Li, Xia-Lin Dai, Xiang-Tian Long, Yong-Liang Huang, Jia-Mei Chen and Tong-Bu Lu
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of cocrystalline and coamorphous forms comprised of gefitinib and dasatinib for performance optimization†","authors":"Xian-Bi Shi, Zhi-Qing Wang, Hui-Tian Li, Xia-Lin Dai, Xiang-Tian Long, Yong-Liang Huang, Jia-Mei Chen and Tong-Bu Lu","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00237G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00237G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Drug–drug cocrystals and coamorphous systems, both comprising two drugs in a single phase, can be applied to concurrently improve the physicochemical properties of the involved drugs. The comparative evaluation of cocrystalline and coamorphous forms comprised of a given drug combination aid in finding the optimal solid form for the development of synergistic formulations. Gefitinib (GTB) and dasatinib (DAS) are oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors exhibiting synergistic effects against cancer cells. However, they both belong to BCS II drugs showing solubility that differ by several times. To optimize the performance of hybrid drugs, one cocrystal (<strong>GTB-DAS·2H<small><sub>2</sub></small>O</strong>) and one coamorphous solid form (<strong>GTB-DAS CM</strong>) were successfully prepared and fully characterized by XRD, <small><sup>1</sup></small>H NMR, TG, DSC, FTIR and DVS measurements. Crystal structural and Hirshfeld surface analysis shows GTB molecular layers are intercalated with layers of DAS <em>via</em> van der Waals interactions and weak hydrogen bonding interactions in the cocrystal. The stability and tabletability properties of <strong>GTB-DAS·2H<small><sub>2</sub></small>O</strong> and <strong>GTB-DAS CM</strong> were evaluated, and the dissolution performance was studied in terms of <em>T</em><small><sub>max</sub></small> (time to peak drug concentration), <em>C</em><small><sub>max</sub></small> (maximum drug concentration) and AUC (area under the curve of dissolution profiles). Overall, <strong>GTB-DAS·2H<small><sub>2</sub></small>O</strong> shows superior stability and tabletability properties, and synchronized drug release with improved dissolution performance, making it a more promising and reliable solid form for the development of combinational therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 3","pages":" 598-610"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00237g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of Spinacia oleracea leaf extract concentration on silver nanoparticle formation and evaluation of antimicrobial properties 菠菜叶提取物浓度对银纳米颗粒形成及抗菌性能的影响
RSC Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1039/D4PM00302K
Tamara Akpobolokemi, Etelka Chung, Rocio Teresa Martinez-Nunez, Guogang Ren, Bahijja Tolulope Raimi Abraham and Alex Griffiths
{"title":"Influence of Spinacia oleracea leaf extract concentration on silver nanoparticle formation and evaluation of antimicrobial properties","authors":"Tamara Akpobolokemi, Etelka Chung, Rocio Teresa Martinez-Nunez, Guogang Ren, Bahijja Tolulope Raimi Abraham and Alex Griffiths","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00302K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00302K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Plant mediated nanofabrication is a sustainable strategy for generating biocompatible nanomaterials with diverse industrial applications. Despite growing interest, there remain notable gaps in the understanding of the influence of plant extract concentration on the physiochemical properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), particularly regarding their size. Conflicting reports suggest an increase in AgNP size with increased extract concentration, and others suggest the opposite. To address this, this study explores the influence of varying <em>Spinacia oleracea</em> (<em>S. oleracea</em>) leaf extract concentrations on the physiochemical properties of AgNPs and their antimicrobial activity against Gram negative (<em>Escherichia coli</em>), Gram positive (<em>Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes</em>) bacteria and Fungi (<em>Candida albicans</em>). Hence, our investigation encompasses persistent infection-causing microorganisms currently plagued with drug resistance issues. This study's findings will enhance understanding of this sustainable nanofabrication approach, highlighting AgNP's potential application as novel antimicrobial agents. Results confirmed spherical nanoranged AgNPs were synthesised, obtaining AgNP-2%, AgNP-3%, AgNP-4%, AgNP-7%, and AgNP-10% v/v <em>S. oleracea</em> leaf extract. Our analysis revealed a consistent trend of size reduction with increasing extract concentration: AgNP-2% (173 nm), AgNP-3% (211 nm), AgNP-4% (148 nm), AgNP-7% (120 nm), and AgNP-10% (109 nm). Regarding antimicrobial activity, the lower concentration AgNPs (AgNP-2% and AgNP-3%) showed no activity, while all the higher concentrations AgNPs displayed full inhibition of all tested microbes. In summary, our research emphasises the significance of plant extract concentration in optimising AgNP synthesis and size reduction. The demonstrated antimicrobial properties suggest promising applications in industries such as environmental (water purification), biomedical (wound healing, drug delivery), and agricultural (pesticides, water remediation).</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 2","pages":" 353-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00302k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Controlled isolation of a novel polymorphic form of chlorothiazide by spray drying† 一种新型氯噻嗪多晶型的喷雾干燥控制分离
RSC Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1039/D4PM00286E
Alice Parkes, Enrico Spoletti, John O'Reilly, Matteo Lusi, Ahmad Ziaee and Emmet O'Reilly
{"title":"Controlled isolation of a novel polymorphic form of chlorothiazide by spray drying†","authors":"Alice Parkes, Enrico Spoletti, John O'Reilly, Matteo Lusi, Ahmad Ziaee and Emmet O'Reilly","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00286E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00286E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study outlines a route to producing a novel polymorphic form of chlorothiazide (CTZ). CTZ was spray dried using three different atomising gas flowrate settings to determine whether it has any effect on the solid-state of CTZ. At a lower atomising gas flowrate, a new form of CTZ, CTZ form IV, was obtained in pure form, whereas at the highest atomising gas flowrate, a mixture of CTZ form I and CTZ form IV was obtained. The morphology of CTZ form I was prism-shaped, and the new form, CTZ form IV, consisted of spherical clusters, some of which were porous and some non-porous. As a result of the rapid drying process, acetone was trapped within the porous clusters and could be released by milling. CTZ form IV has been shown to be stable at room temperature and below 40% relative humidity (RH); however, after 1 week of stability under accelerated conditions of 40 °C/75% RH, CTZ form IV converted to CTZ form I. Also, at high temperatures between 150 °C and 175 °C, CTZ form IV converted to form I, with the simultaneous release of acetone upon its morphology change. This study demonstrates how spray drying can be useful to discover new forms of APIs by a controlled drying process.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 2","pages":" 398-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00286e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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