RSC Pharmaceutics最新文献

{"title":"Standard purification methods are not sufficient to remove micellular lipophilic dye from polymer nanoparticle solution.","authors":"Eric H Sterin, Laura A Weinstein, Chitran Roy Chowdhury, Emma C Guzzetti, Emily S Day","doi":"10.1039/d5pm00013k","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5pm00013k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tracking nanoparticles' location is imperative for understanding cellular interactions, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution. DiD is a lipophilic dye commonly used to label nanoparticles for trafficking studies. Herein, we show that DiD micelles form in polymer NP solutions during synthesis and can lead to false positive results in downstream assays. Potential methods to remove these micelles are also described.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polybasic nanogels for intracellular co-delivery of paclitaxel and carboplatin: a novel approach to ovarian cancer therapy.","authors":"Angela M Wagner, Olivia L Lanier, Ani Savk, Nicholas A Peppas","doi":"10.1039/d4pm00330f","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4pm00330f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women, with limited progress in treatments despite decades of research. Common treatment protocols rely on surgical removal of tumors and chemotherapy drugs, such as paclitaxel and carboplatin, which are capable of reaching cancer cells throughout the body. However, the effectiveness of these drugs is often limited due to toxic reactions in patients, nonspecific drug distribution affecting healthy cells, and the development of treatment resistance. In this study, we introduce a polybasic nanogel system composed of poly(diethylaminoethyl methacrylate-<i>co</i>-cyclohexyl methacrylate)-<i>g</i>-poly(ethylene glycol) designed for the targeted co-delivery of paclitaxel and carboplatin directly to ovarian cancer cells. These nanogel systems can respond to the cellular microenvironment to achieve controlled, on-demand drug release, reducing off-target effects and enhancing therapeutic uptake. Additionally, we investigated nanoparticle degradation and controlled drug release as a function of various crosslinkers, including tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, bis(2-methacryloyl)oxyethyl disulfide, poly(lactic acid)-<i>b</i>-poly(ethylene glycol)-<i>b</i>-poly(lactic acid)dimethacrylate, and polycaprolactone dimethacrylate. Our results, using OVCAR-3 human ovarian cancer cells, demonstrated that this dual-delivery system outperformed free drugs in inducing cancer cell death, representing a promising advance in the field of nanoparticle-based therapies for ovarian cancer. By loading two chemotherapeutic agents into a single, environmentally responsive particle, this approach shows the potential to overcome common resistance mechanisms and achieve more effective tumor suppression. In summary, by delivering chemotherapy more precisely, it may be possible to enhance therapeutic outcomes while minimizing toxicity and nonspecific drug distribution, ultimately improving patient quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printing of tailored veterinary dual-release tablets: a semi-solid extrusion approach for metoclopramide†","authors":"Rathna Mathiyalagan, Max Westerlund, Alaa Mahran, Rabia Altunay, Jarkko Suuronen, Mirja Palo, Johan O. Nyman, Eero Immonen, Jessica M. Rosenholm, Erica Monaco and Xiaoju Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00322E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00322E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Metoclopramide (MCP) is frequently used to control nausea and vomiting in animals, but its short half-life requires it to be administered thrice daily. In addition, commercial veterinary MCP formulations are currently lacking. As a result, veterinary practitioners often resort to off-label use of human medications, which can lead to inconsistent patient outcomes and complications arising from inadequate dosing. Thus, there is a growing recognized need for individualized treatment strategies also within veterinary practice, as they can offer tailored doses and improved options for animal patients. To address this unmet need and overcome these challenges, our study focused on developing a once-daily dual-release tailored dose for different-sized cats and dogs utilizing semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing. The dual-release system containing different cellulosic polymers is designed to provide a rapid onset and sustained action to ensure prolonged drug release and minimize the frequency of administration. The produced printing ink formulations were successfully used to obtain different-sized tailored doses with a significant correlation between the designs and the obtained drug amounts. Dissolution studies revealed the impact of polymer combinations and tablet surface area on drug release profiles. Kinetic modeling indicated that both diffusion and erosion are involved in the release mechanisms. This research emphasizes the practical use of SSE 3D printing in developing dual-release delivery systems by producing precise and pet-friendly tailored tablets to enhance veterinary treatments close to the point-of-care.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 2","pages":" 413-426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00322e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive review on glioblastoma: nanotechnology, immunotherapy and combined therapeutic approaches","authors":"Ashish Dhiman, Yagni Shah, Dhwani Rana and Kalpna Garkhal","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00263F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00263F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most dangerous type of brain cancer because of spontaneous microvascular growth, which leads to damage to nearby brain tissues. GBM affects a huge population across the globe and current therapies for GBM have not proven fruitful in past decades due to poor clinical prognosis. The slow progression of GBM makes it difficult to track during diagnosis for treatment. Thus, there is a need to develop some cutting-edge drug delivery platforms, which could overcome the challenges faced in the delivery of current therapeutic drugs. Nanotechnology has been an emerging paradigm to unravel promising drug therapies, be they immunotherapy or combination therapy. The surface modification of nanocarriers led to significant improvements in therapeutic aspects of GBM. The surface-modified entities could be monoclonal antibodies, functional peptides, growth inhibitors, folic acid, transferrin, or lectins. Immunotherapeutic interventions, such as vaccines, oncolytic virotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR T-cell and N-k cell therapies, are rising as a treatment model for GBM. Future research must elaborate on remedies that can encounter problems with current treatment. However, numerous research studies are underway to explore new treatments. The current review reveals potential future therapies to challenge the issues faced in the treatment of GBM. Nanotechnology-based drug carriers, surface modification of nanocarriers for enhanced drug delivery to GBM and immunotherapeutic approaches are enlisted. The review also discusses multi-modal approaches to tackle resistance and others issues related to monotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 2","pages":" 207-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00263f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug-loaded 3D-printed magnetically guided pills for biomedical applications","authors":"Eirini Myrovali, Aikaterini-Theodora Chatzitaki, Kyrillos Papadopoulos and Dimitrios G. Fatouros","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00313F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00313F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The traditional treatment of stomach cancer is based on a combination of surgery and chemo/radiotherapy leading to severe side effects and endless pain. The objective of this study is the development of 3D-printed drug-loaded magnetic pills with multifunctional behavior under external stimuli to be exploited for cancer therapy in hollow organs. Their construction was based on magnetic hydrogels combined with doxorubicin. Firstly, the printing fidelity was examined using two ratios of sodium alginate to carbopol (1 : 2 and 2 : 1) with two different concentrations (4 and 8 mg mL<small>⁻¹</small>) of magnetic nanoparticles. The rheological measurements confirmed the material printability for preparing a 3D-printed magnetic pill in both ratios. The 3D-printed magnetic pill demonstrated strong magnetic attraction when subjected to an externally applied magnetic field confirming its ability to be remote-controlled. Thus, the magnetic component of the pills could be used for their locomotion in a targeted area using a static magnetic field, thereby increasing the residence time in a specific area of the stomach. All the prepared pills retained their morphology and shape confirming their structural integrity within a simulated gastric fluid solution (pH = 1.2). 3D-printed drug loaded magnetic and non magnetic pills were measured by applying an AC magnetic field with an amplitude of 50 mT and a frequency of 375 kHz to examine their heating ability and, consequently, the drug release. <em>In vitro</em> drug release from the 3D-printed drug-loaded magnetic pill has demonstrated a faster drug release (within 24 hours) compared with the non-magnetic 3D-printed pill. This enables a significantly localized drug release, on-demand, into the targeted area. The primary benefit of these applications could be the reduction in drug dosage, thereby potentially minimizing the immediate side effects associated with chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 2","pages":" 292-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00313f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of drug–drug salt crystals and co-amorphous forms of levofloxacin and 4-aminosalicylic acid for pulmonary applications†","authors":"Hiroshi Ueda, Jun Yee Tse, Tetsuya Miyano, Yuzuki Nakayama, Peiwen Mo, Yuta Hatanaka, Hiromasa Uchiyama, Yuichi Tozuka and Kazunori Kadota","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00250D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00250D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A dry powder inhaler is a viable formulation for pulmonary delivery; however, the co-delivery of multiple drugs requires a specially designed device. This study aimed to design multi-component crystal and amorphous forms for the co-delivery of levofloxacin (LVF) and 4-aminosalicylic acid (ASA). New multi-component crystals of LVF and ASA, crystal-I and crystal-II, were formed by solvent evaporation and slurry conversion. Thermal analysis revealed that crystal-I and crystal-II were the hydrate and anhydrate forms, respectively. Upon heating, each crystal was converted to different crystals. All polymorphs reverted to crystal-I during storage. The co-amorphous (CA) form was obtained by spray drying, which exhibited a relatively high glass transition temperature above 100 °C. Multi-component crystals and CA were estimated as salts by single crystal X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. An <em>in vitro</em> aerodynamic performance test was performed for LVF, ASA, physical mixture (PM), crystal-I, and CA. The fine particle fraction (FPF, %) of LVF/ASA was 0.9/13.3 for pure drugs and 0.4/14.1 for PM. However, the FPF (%) for crystal-I and CA significantly improved to 25.4/29.9 and 20.0/20.6, respectively, with the co-delivery of LVF and ASA. We conclude that the design of multi-component crystals and co-amorphous forms is an effective strategy for the simultaneous delivery of inhalation drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 2","pages":" 264-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00250d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particle-based investigation of excipients stability: the effect of storage conditions on moisture content and swelling†","authors":"Isra Ibrahim, Mark Carroll, Anas Almudahka, James Mann, Alexander Abbott, Fredrik Winge, Adrian Davis, Bart Hens, Ibrahim Khadra and Daniel Markl","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00259H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00259H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Moisture sensitivity poses a challenge in formulating oral dosage forms, particularly when considering disintegrants’ swelling due to prior moisture exposure, impacting performance and physical stability. This study utilises dynamic vapour sorption to simulate real-world storage scenarios, investigating the equilibrium moisture content and dynamics of eight commonly used excipients in oral solid dosage forms. A model was developed to determine the kinetic rate constant of moisture sorption and desorption for different storage conditions. Dynamic vapour sorption tests revealed that excipients with higher moisture-binding capacities showed slower equilibration to the target relative humidity (RH). Elevated temperatures accelerated the moisture sorption/desorption process for all excipients, reducing the equilibrated moisture content for most, except mannitol and lactose. Particle imaging over a 14-day accelerated storage period quantified swelling, indicating approximately 6% increase in particle diameter for croscarmellose sodium (CCS) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG), and a lesser 2.7% for microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), predominantly caused by the humidity. All excipients reached their swelling peak within the first day of storage, with permanent particle size enlargement for CCS and SSG, whereas MCC displayed a partial reversibility post-storage. Enhancing our understanding of excipients’ stability and interaction with moisture and the resulting particle swelling contributes to the rational design of oral solid dosage formulations and promotes a better understanding of their long-term physical stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 2","pages":" 369-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00259h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sugar-decorated cholesterol-core nanoparticles as potential targeting nanomedicines for the delivery of lipophilic drugs†","authors":"Laís Rossetto Ferraz de Barros, Carlos Eduardo de Castro, Anabella Patricia Rosso, Rodrigo da Costa Duarte, Alexandre Gonçalves Dal-Bó, Wendel Andrade Alves and Fernando Carlos Giacomelli","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00317A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00317A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Targeted drug delivery is a precise and effective strategy in oncotherapy and can be achieved through sugar-decorated assemblies since glucose receptors are overexpressed on cancer cell membranes to compensate for their increased glucose demands. In this study, core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using amphiphilic macromolecules comprising hydrophobic cholesterol (Chol) segments conjugated to hydrophilic polyethylene oxide containing azide group (Chol-PEO<small>₂₂</small>-N<small>₃</small>) or substituted with the carbohydrate <em>N</em>-acetyl-<small>D</small>-glucosamine (Chol-PEO<small>₂₂</small>-GlcNAc) <em>via</em> a click chemistry reaction. These self-assemblies, which are smaller than 100 nm and suitable for cancer treatment, demonstrated efficient loading efficiency (exceeding 70%) with ursolic acid (UA), a hydrophobic drug, serving as a proof-of-concept for targeted therapy using natural compounds against non-small cell lung cancer. The incorporation of sugar molecules modified the structural characteristics of the nanocarriers, resulting in larger and presumably less dense particles. This modification influenced the UA release mechanism, leading to a faster and nearly complete release over a week, whereas approximately 60% of the encapsulated UA remained entrapped in the Chol-PEO<small>₂₂</small>-N<small>₃</small> NPs. Enhanced cell cytotoxicity was achieved with UA-loaded NPs with <em>in vitro</em> cell viability assays indicating at least two-fold increase in the inhibitory effect of the drug-loaded nanocarriers. The targeted delivery was also demonstrated as UA-loaded Chol-PEO<small>₂₂</small>-GlcNAc NPs showed greater internalization by cancer cells than their healthy counterparts.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 2","pages":" 387-397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00317a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rise of mRNA therapeutic vaccines†","authors":"Jinlu Du, Ziling Fan, Jiangming Huang, Zhengyuan Li, Hongguo Hu and Yanxia Li","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00309H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00309H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >During the COVID-19 pandemic, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines were developed and approved to curb the spread of coronavirus. After over 16 billion doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech-Fosun and Moderna mRNA vaccines were administered, the immune protection and clinical value of the lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform were fully demonstrated. Herein, we provide a detailed overview of the mRNA–LNP structure and immunogenicity function and provide mechanistic insights into the ability of the LNP to elicit an immune response to combat diseases. The challenges and solutions to address these are discussed. Finally, by learning from the fast-growing and most recent advances in mRNA therapeutic vaccines, from both pre-clinical and clinical aspects, we can further expand the mRNA platform to develop a new generation of mRNA therapeutic vaccines, satisfying unmet medical needs beyond COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 2","pages":" 235-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00309h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Spinacia oleracea leaf extract concentration on silver nanoparticle formation and evaluation of antimicrobial properties","authors":"Tamara Akpobolokemi, Etelka Chung, Rocio Teresa Martinez-Nunez, Guogang Ren, Bahijja Tolulope Raimi Abraham and Alex Griffiths","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00302K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00302K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Plant mediated nanofabrication is a sustainable strategy for generating biocompatible nanomaterials with diverse industrial applications. Despite growing interest, there remain notable gaps in the understanding of the influence of plant extract concentration on the physiochemical properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), particularly regarding their size. Conflicting reports suggest an increase in AgNP size with increased extract concentration, and others suggest the opposite. To address this, this study explores the influence of varying <em>Spinacia oleracea</em> (<em>S. oleracea</em>) leaf extract concentrations on the physiochemical properties of AgNPs and their antimicrobial activity against Gram negative (<em>Escherichia coli</em>), Gram positive (<em>Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes</em>) bacteria and Fungi (<em>Candida albicans</em>). Hence, our investigation encompasses persistent infection-causing microorganisms currently plagued with drug resistance issues. This study's findings will enhance understanding of this sustainable nanofabrication approach, highlighting AgNP's potential application as novel antimicrobial agents. Results confirmed spherical nanoranged AgNPs were synthesised, obtaining AgNP-2%, AgNP-3%, AgNP-4%, AgNP-7%, and AgNP-10% v/v <em>S. oleracea</em> leaf extract. Our analysis revealed a consistent trend of size reduction with increasing extract concentration: AgNP-2% (173 nm), AgNP-3% (211 nm), AgNP-4% (148 nm), AgNP-7% (120 nm), and AgNP-10% (109 nm). Regarding antimicrobial activity, the lower concentration AgNPs (AgNP-2% and AgNP-3%) showed no activity, while all the higher concentrations AgNPs displayed full inhibition of all tested microbes. In summary, our research emphasises the significance of plant extract concentration in optimising AgNP synthesis and size reduction. The demonstrated antimicrobial properties suggest promising applications in industries such as environmental (water purification), biomedical (wound healing, drug delivery), and agricultural (pesticides, water remediation).</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 2","pages":" 353-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00302k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}