Drug-loaded 3D-printed magnetically guided pills for biomedical applications

Eirini Myrovali, Aikaterini-Theodora Chatzitaki, Kyrillos Papadopoulos and Dimitrios G. Fatouros
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Abstract

The traditional treatment of stomach cancer is based on a combination of surgery and chemo/radiotherapy leading to severe side effects and endless pain. The objective of this study is the development of 3D-printed drug-loaded magnetic pills with multifunctional behavior under external stimuli to be exploited for cancer therapy in hollow organs. Their construction was based on magnetic hydrogels combined with doxorubicin. Firstly, the printing fidelity was examined using two ratios of sodium alginate to carbopol (1 : 2 and 2 : 1) with two different concentrations (4 and 8 mg mL−1) of magnetic nanoparticles. The rheological measurements confirmed the material printability for preparing a 3D-printed magnetic pill in both ratios. The 3D-printed magnetic pill demonstrated strong magnetic attraction when subjected to an externally applied magnetic field confirming its ability to be remote-controlled. Thus, the magnetic component of the pills could be used for their locomotion in a targeted area using a static magnetic field, thereby increasing the residence time in a specific area of the stomach. All the prepared pills retained their morphology and shape confirming their structural integrity within a simulated gastric fluid solution (pH = 1.2). 3D-printed drug loaded magnetic and non magnetic pills were measured by applying an AC magnetic field with an amplitude of 50 mT and a frequency of 375 kHz to examine their heating ability and, consequently, the drug release. In vitro drug release from the 3D-printed drug-loaded magnetic pill has demonstrated a faster drug release (within 24 hours) compared with the non-magnetic 3D-printed pill. This enables a significantly localized drug release, on-demand, into the targeted area. The primary benefit of these applications could be the reduction in drug dosage, thereby potentially minimizing the immediate side effects associated with chemotherapy.

Abstract Image

用于生物医学应用的载药3d打印磁导药丸
胃癌的传统治疗是基于手术和化疗/放疗的结合,导致严重的副作用和无尽的疼痛。本研究的目的是开发在外部刺激下具有多功能行为的3d打印载药磁性药丸,用于中空器官的癌症治疗。它们的结构是基于磁性水凝胶与阿霉素的结合。首先,使用两种海藻酸钠与卡波酚的比例(1:2和2:1)以及两种不同浓度(4和8 mg mL−1)的磁性纳米颗粒来检测打印保真度。流变测量证实了材料在两种比例下制备3d打印磁丸的可打印性。当受到外部施加的磁场时,3d打印的磁性药丸显示出强大的磁性吸引力,证实了其远程控制的能力。因此,药丸的磁性成分可以利用静态磁场在目标区域运动,从而增加在胃特定区域的停留时间。所有制备的药片在模拟胃液溶液(pH = 1.2)中保持其形态和形状,证实其结构完整性。通过施加振幅为50 mT,频率为375 kHz的交流磁场来测量3d打印的载药磁性和非磁性药丸,以检查它们的加热能力,从而检查药物释放。与非磁性3d打印药丸相比,3d打印装载药物的磁性药丸的体外药物释放速度更快(24小时内)。这使得一个显著的局部药物释放,按需,进入目标区域。这些应用的主要好处可能是减少药物剂量,从而可能最大限度地减少与化疗相关的直接副作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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