Next Sustainability最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced flux and fouling performance via H2N@ZSM-22 infused thin-film composite membranes on ZSM-22/PES-UF support","authors":"Nyiko M. Chauke ,&nbsp;Richard M. Moutloali ,&nbsp;James Ramontja","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, advanced polyamide thin-film composite (PA-TFC) membranes incorporating zeolite (ZSM-22) and amine-zeolite (H₂N@ZSM-22) fillers were synthesised <em>via</em> interfacial polymerisation (IP) to enhance water permeability performance and anti-fouling behaviour. The incorporation of zeolite and amine-zeolite ZSM-22 in the selective PA layer resulted in distinct ridge-like and valley-like surface morphologies, contributing to improved hydrophilicity and fouling resistance. Comprehensive characterisation using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water contact angle (WCA) analysis confirmed the successful incorporation and uniform dispersion of zeolite and amine-zeolites fillers within the PA layer. The functionalised PA layers demonstrated superior hydrophilicity, resulting in significant improvements in water flux, high anti-fouling ratios and salt rejection compared to the zeolite PA-TFC membranes. The obtained PA-TFC membrane structural design, supported on ZSM-22/polyethersulfone ultrafiltration (ZSM-22/PES UF) substrate, played a crucial role in ensuring mechanical stability and promoting interfacial bonding. The amine-zeolites PA-TFC membranes achieved exceptional water fluxes, reaching up to 48.92 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹ ·bar⁻¹ , and exhibited fouling ratios ranging from 65.78 % to 73.68 % as well as salt rejection to about 77 %. Notably, the H₂N@T60-ZSM-22/PA@ZSM-22/PES configuration showed the lowest fouling ratio of 65.78 % and higher salt rejection, demonstrating the potential for selective filtration under low-pressure conditions. Despite minimal performance variations among the different membrane configurations, consistent and robust antifouling behavior was observed across all samples. These findings underscore the promise of amine-zeolite ZSM-22 PA-TFC membranes as high-performance candidates for achieving enhanced flux, fouling resistance, and selective separation, contributing valuable insights for the advancement of membrane technology in water treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of radio chemically pure 90Sr suitable for milking clinical grade 90Y from high level liquid waste: A process developmental investigation","authors":"Pasupati Nath Khan ,&nbsp;Sumit Pahan ,&nbsp;A. Sengupta ,&nbsp;Tessy Vincent","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radio chemically pure ⁹⁰Y is desired for its use as radio therapeutic agent. As a modern practice ⁹⁰Y, is milked from its parent ⁹⁰Sr, thus the radiochemical purity of resulted ⁹⁰Y will be governed by the purity of its parent Sr. High level liquid waste (HLLW) generated from the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing contains ample quantity of ⁹⁰Sr, the parent of its β decaying product ⁹⁰Y. In our previous studies it was explored that BOC8A/ Nitrooctane can be preferably used to recover ⁹⁰Sr in 0.01 M HNO₃ from HLLW with ∼1 % Am (III) &amp; Eu (III) contamination. Thus, ⁹⁰Sr recovered needs multi step purification before milking ⁹⁰Y. To minimise the number of step in purification to obtain ultrapure ⁹⁰Sr (10⁻⁹ Ci alpha / Ci Sr) a well-known hydrophilic supramolecule 18C6 is introduced in the stripping step. A new process scheme has been developed using BOC8A, 18C6 and Tetra-2-ethylhexyl diglycolamide etc. CHON based extractant to obtain highly pure ⁹⁰Sr product. The mechanism and effect of different parameters on stripping of Sr with 18C6 have also been investigated in detail. The stripping phenomenon has been found to be spontaneous at 298 K and the change in Gibb’s free energy was found to be - 22.9 kJ mol⁻¹K⁻¹</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Path of carbon dioxide capture technologies: An overview","authors":"Ashokkumar Shyam ,&nbsp;Kalilur Rahiman Arshad Ahmed ,&nbsp;Jeyaraman Prasanna Naveen Kumar ,&nbsp;Selvarasan Iniyan ,&nbsp;Ranko Goic","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global warming and climate change is a critical issue worldwide. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from human activities are considered to be one of the major pollutants among all the anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) contributing to global warming. The total carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced either by efficient use of low carbon fuels and also by using hydrogen and renewable energy systems and also by employing efficient carbon capture technologies. Among the aforesaid three approaches, carbon dioxide capture and storage is the most promising approach. There are literally around 50–60 different ways of carbon dioxide capture technologies available as from traditional approaches like physical absorption, chemical absorption, mixed solvents, and membrane based absorption to modern methodologies like cryogenic separation, gas hydrates, advanced membrane, mineral carbonation, biological fixation, direct air capture and storage. This review paper tries to address all the key available carbon capture technologies from lab-scale prototypes to commercial practices. In addition, this article attempts to provide a clear introduction and cumulative comparison of all the carbon dioxide capture technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating experimental-based vulnerability mapping with intelligent identification of multi-aquifer groundwater salinization","authors":"Mohamed A. Yassin ,&nbsp;Sani I. Abba ,&nbsp;A.G. Usman ,&nbsp;Syed Muzzamil Hussain Shah ,&nbsp;Isam H. Aljundi ,&nbsp;Shafik S. Shafik ,&nbsp;Zaher Mundher Yaseen","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater salinization is a pressing global issue, threatening water security and sustainable development in many regions. In alignment with Saudi Vision 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this study addresses groundwater salinity challenges in the coastal regions of eastern Saudi Arabia through comprehensive experimental analysis and advanced mapping techniques. Groundwater samples were analyzed using ion chromatography (IC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine salinity levels. The data were processed using ArcGIS 10.3 software to create vulnerability maps, supported by five artificial intelligence (AI)-based models for robust predictions and enhanced insights. Model performance was assessed using statistical parameters, including Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), and mean square error (MSE). Among the models, interactive learning (ILR-M3) delivered the best results (RMSE=0.0385; MSE=0.0015), while all models were validated as satisfactory. This research highlights the potential of combining experimental data with AI-driven approaches for effective water resource management. The outcomes directly support Saudi Vision 2030 and contribute to achieving the SDGs by advancing sustainable and intelligent solutions for global water security challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"California’s Senate Bill 596: Spearheading the global transition to sustainable cement","authors":"Kenneth C. Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The so-called “hard to abate” cement industry is at the cusp of a foundational technology transformation. Emerging technologies could make cement production carbon-neutral or carbon-negative, and could potentially do so profitably. California is well-positioned to spearhead the global transition to sustainable cement with its Senate Bill 596 (Becker 2021), which directs the California Air Resource Board (CARB) to “develop a comprehensive strategy for the state’s cement sector to achieve net-zero emissions of greenhouse gases associated with cement used within the state as soon as possible […]” CARB’s SB 596 strategy could serve as a model policy framework for other states’ and nations’ climate policies. This paper proposes a regulatory strategy for cement decarbonization, which includes carbon pricing and financing mechanisms to support and accelerate early-stage development and subsequent commercial adoption of sustainable cement technologies in California, pursuant to the broader goal of expediently decarbonizing the global cement industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of concrete containing different ratios of metakaolin and magnetized water","authors":"Mostafa M. Keshta ,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Yousry Elshikh ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Elkerany","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metakaolin (MK) is an eco-friendly cementitious material. Incorporating MK as a partial or additive for cement in concrete can negatively affects its workability, especially at higher replacement levels, and may also adversely affect concrete strength. Magnetized water (MW) is a technique of treating regular tap (TW) water by exposing it to a magnetic field with a specific intensity and a certain number of cycles, making the water magnetized. The incorporation of MK and MW in concrete promotes sustainability by reducing cement consumption, thereby lowering carbon emissions. This research investigates the effects of using magnetized water (MW), prepared in a magnetic field of 1.4 tesla, on the workability and compressive strength of concrete containing MK in different ratios. MK was incorporated at 5 %, 10 %, and 20 % as either a partial replacement or additive to cement by weight. Two sets of concrete mixes were prepared: one with MK (ranging from 0 % to 20 % as a replacement and additive) mixed with ordinary tap water (TW), and the other with the same MK percentages mixed with MW. The results of the hardened concrete tests indicated that the optimal MK ratio for concrete was 10 + % (10 % as an addition to cement), whether or not MW was used. The slump of concrete decreased when TW was used; however, using MW improved the slump by up to 2 %. The compressive strength increased by 13 %, 11 %, and − 5 % at 7, 28, and 365 days, respectively, with no MK and the use of MW. When 10 + % MK was used with MW, the compressive strength improved by 5 %, 0 %, and − 5 % at 7, 28, and 365 days, respectively. Also, in the SEM images, the cement pastes in the presence of MK and MW became denser and more cohesive compared to the control mix without them, indicating an improvement in the hydration process with the efficient use of MW. Also, FTIR analysis was conducted to the optimal mixes to show the function groups of these mixes in microscale. Finally, the results of water properties indicated that using MW increase TDS and pH up to 14 % compared to using TW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-related contaminants in subterranean waterbodies: The role of geocolloids on facilitated and hindered transport","authors":"Mustafa E.S. Akbulut ,&nbsp;Younjin Min","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The examination of energy byproduct transport and associated contaminant dynamics in geosystems and aquatic ecosystems is important for evaluating the ramifications of energy generation and consumption. This article critically reviews contemporary studies on the influence of aqueous geocolloids in modulating the transport kinetics of energy-related contaminants within subterranean hydrological systems. The primary objectives of this work are to: i) introduce the morphological and physicochemical properties of prevalent geocolloid varieties and explain their formation mechanisms, ii) outline the mechanistic pathways by which geocolloids alter contaminant transport dynamics, and iii) analyze the ramifications for applications such as coal mining, hydraulic fracturing, chemically-enhanced oil recovery, and radionuclide storage. A systematic literature review was conducted, synthesizing findings from experimental investigations, computational simulations, and field observations. These studies reveal that geocolloids can facilitate or impede contaminant mobility by modifying parameters such as effective diffusivity, rheological properties, and interfacial deposition kinetics across multiple spatiotemporal scales. The presence of geocolloids introduces non-linear complexities in contaminant fate and transport that go beyond conventional advection-dispersion models. These topics have significant implications for risk assessment methodologies and remediation strategies related to energy production and waste management in geological formations, particularly in terms of colloid-facilitated contaminant transport and its impact on the vulnerability of waterbodies and geosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling cupola slag for manufacturing magnesium metal matrix composites with alumina for electric vehicle battery pack system housings","authors":"Andrea Sánchez-Arroyo ,&nbsp;Mario Rodríguez-Reyes ,&nbsp;Gerardo Daniel Olvera-Romero ,&nbsp;José Refugio Parga-Torres ,&nbsp;Zully Matamoros-Veloza ,&nbsp;Brandon Osvaldo Villarreal-Fuentes ,&nbsp;Dagoberto Vázquez-Obregón","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated magnesium matrix composites reinforced with cupola slag (a source of CaSiO₃) and Al₂O₃ particles for potential application in battery pack system (BPS) housings. The composites were fabricated via powder metallurgy, resulting in four systems: a pure magnesium system (100 M), a composite with 85 wt% Mg and 15 wt% cupola slag (85M-15C), and two hybrid composites with 85 wt% Mg combined with 12.5 wt% and 5 wt% cupola slag, and 2.5 wt% and 5 wt% Al₂O₃, respectively, forming the 85M-12.5C-2.5 A and 85M-10C-5A systems. Their mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were systematically evaluated. Microstructural analysis revealed a significant grain size reduction in the reinforced systems, with the 85M-12.5C-2.5 A system achieving an average grain size of 9.4 µm compared to 22.5 µm in the unreinforced 100 M system. The incorporation of CaSiO₃ and Al₂O₃ reinforcements improved microhardness by up to 55 % and increased compressive strength to a maximum of 329.13 MPa. These enhancements were attributed to grain size and the synergistic effects of micro- and nano-reinforcements. Additionally, the reinforced composites demonstrated superior corrosion resistance, as evidenced by reduced degradation rates in the NaCl solution. This improvement was attributed to the formation of protective Mg(OH)₂ layers, with the 85M-10C-5A system exhibiting the lowest corrosion current density (122 μA/cm²). These findings underscore the potential of magnesium matrix composites reinforced with cupola slag and Al₂O₃ as lightweight, durable, and sustainable materials for BPS housings, addressing both performance and environmental considerations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maple wood biochar-supported nickel nanoparticles: One pot synthesis for simultaneous removal of cationic and anionic dye mixture","authors":"Arvind K. Bhakta ,&nbsp;Lamia Znaidi ,&nbsp;Esther Blanc ,&nbsp;Nabil Challab ,&nbsp;Philippe Decorse ,&nbsp;Arlette Vega Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Dominique Vrel ,&nbsp;Souad Ammar ,&nbsp;Swaminathan Prasanna","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work reports on a facile and efficient technique to synthesize nickel particles supported on maple wood biochar to form magnetic nanocomposite able to remove dyes like methyl orange (MO) and rhodamine B (RhB) from water. Methodology involves wet impregnation with aqueous nickel nitrate solution followed by a pyrolysis at 500 ºC. This resulted in homogeneously and uniformly distributed irregular shaped Ni particles in the size range of 16 – 68 nm on the biochar surface. X-ray diffraction characterization confirms the presence of Ni particles and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals their slight surface oxidation. Their ability to answer to a magnetic field has been confirmed by recording the variation of their magnetization as a function of the magnetic field at room temperature using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. The G Raman band of the biochar appeared to be less intense in the nanocomposite, compared to pristine biochar prepared as a reference, meaning Ni nanoparticles hinder carbonaceous graphitization during pyrolysis. This can be attributed to the porosity creation, as suggested by SEM observations. Ultimately, magnetic nanocomposites were successfully applied for the removal of RhB and MO from aqueous solutions. The adsorption capacity for the RhB is found to be 54.21 mg/g. Thanks to the magnetic properties of the engineered nanocomposites; they can be separated by a magnet and reused. Reusability test of adsorbent have shown 99.41 %, 74.58 %, and 49.78 %, adsorption efficiency after first, second and third cycles, respectively. This work opens up a future perspective to create filters for treating waste water coming from textile industries. This work well aligns with UN Sustainable Development Goals 6 (clean water and sanitation), 11 (sustainable cities and communities) and 13 (climate action).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable synthesis of shea butter-derived bio-lubricants: A green alternative to mineral oils","authors":"Samuel Joseph ,&nbsp;Fredah Batale Abifarin ,&nbsp;Williams Wangka Jikisim ,&nbsp;Bekas Nabieyeh Jibrillu ,&nbsp;Johnson Kehinde Abifarin","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As environmental concerns over mineral oil-based lubricants rise, the search for sustainable alternatives intensifies. This study explores producing bio-lubricant from shea butter using double-transesterification with sodium hydroxide and tetraoxosulphate (IV) acid as catalysts. The process achieved a 57.89 % yield at a 4:1 molar ratio of shea methyl ester to trimethylolpropane, with 0.8 % w/w catalyst at 110°C for three hours. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified key functional groups in the crude oil: O-H (3340 cm⁻¹), C-H (2914–2980 cm⁻¹), C<img>O (1740 cm⁻¹), and C-H terminal alkane bonds (1456 cm⁻¹). In the bio-lubricant, the spectrum showed C-O ester groups (1173–1253 cm⁻¹), C<img>O carbonyl groups (1740 cm⁻¹), C-H stretching (2855–2923 cm⁻¹), and O-H polyol groups (3356 cm⁻¹). These findings demonstrate significant chemical and physicochemical modifications, underscoring the potential of shea butter-based bio-lubricant as a sustainable and green alternative to mineral oils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}