Next Energy最新文献

{"title":"Subsurface hydrogen generation: Natural sources and in-situ hydrocarbon conversion technologies","authors":"Jian Hou ,&nbsp;Wei Wei ,&nbsp;Ziyuan Qi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Alotaibi ,&nbsp;Abdulkareem Alsofi","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen, a low-carbon source of energy, is mostly produced from fossil fuels (e.g. coal or natural gas) in surface plants but accompanied by significant carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. As a low emission source, the potential of subsurface hydrogen, including naturally occurring (H₂) utilizing geological conditions without human interferences and <em>in-situ</em> produced H₂ from hydrocarbons based on thermochemical or biological technologies in reservoir, is underrated. To provide a better understanding of the generation process for supporting the exploitation of subsurface hydrogen, this work comprehensively reviews the chemical pathways for H₂ generation and the status of technology development. The natural H₂ source is discussed in the classification of rock-water reactions, radiolysis of water, biogenic hydrogen, deep-seated origin, and thermal maturation of organic matter while rock-water reaction appears (e.g. serpentinization) as the most common source. This classification of the generation mechanism could be a guide to discover more hot spots of hydrogen. For <em>in-situ</em> produced hydrogen from hydrocarbons, we introduced the chemical and biological pathways with underscoring the main reaction types and suitable conditions for various feedstocks and the corresponding up-to-date technologies, as well as summarizing the microbe species and influencing factors in the dark fermentation process. It shows the optimized H₂ production temperature is &gt;700 °C for methane, 500−700 °C for light oil, heavy oil/bitumen and oil shale, and 500−1500 °C for coal. By further discussing the challenges and the environmental and economic impacts of subsurface H₂, this work reveals the potential and hinderance for subsurface hydrogen industrialization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and simulative investigation of water transfer in membrane humidifiers operating with liquid and vaporous water","authors":"S. Mull ,&nbsp;M. Pollak ,&nbsp;L. Weiß ,&nbsp;W. Tegethoff ,&nbsp;J. Koehler ,&nbsp;M. Wensing","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells require exact water management to achieve high performance and long service lifetimes. The water management is controlled by the active humidification of the incoming cathode gas. This is commonly achieved by a membrane humidifier as part of the balance of plant. Membrane humidifiers are passive components that transfer water from the cathode exhaust stream to the cathode inlet stream. The operating modes of a humidifier in a mobile fuel cell system vary between gas-to-gas or gas with a small amount of liquid water-to-gas transport. The change of operating modes depends primarily on the operating point of the fuel cell. The gas-to-gas transport mode is widely investigated, but experimental and simulative studies of gas with a small amount of liquid water-to-gas transfer in membrane humidifiers are still insufficient. So far, only our own experimental data from gas with a small amount of liquid water-to-gas transport measurement points have been published. This paper presents a new experimental data set that consists of 39 gas-to-gas and 86 gas with a small amount of liquid water-to-gas transport measurement points. The following boundary conditions for the experimental data are varied: Temperature, pressure, gaseous water, liquid water, and nitrogen mass flow rate. The data presented confirm previous work: That liquid water significantly enhances mass transport for all boundary conditions. Additionally, this paper presents a new 1D simulation approach using Modelica as the modeling language. An existing gas-to-gas humidifier model was extended to a 2-phase flow model by adjusting 2 fit factors. The experimental data presented here enable the validation. The model matches the overall experimental data set with a high accuracy of <em>R</em>² = 0.90. This shows a generic approach for a simple extension from a gas-to-gas humidifier model to a 2-phase flow model. Using this modeling approach will result in more accurate humidifier performance prediction and therefore more accurate water management control for the entire fuel cell system. Moreover, it shows the potential of actively using liquid water to enhance the humidifier’s performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen interaction in bulk fluids for geological storage application using NMR","authors":"Sidi Mamoudou,&nbsp;Son Dang,&nbsp;Chandra Rai","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen geostorage is a crucial component of decarbonization, enabling large-scale energy storage and supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy. By allowing long-term hydrogen storage in subsurface formations such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs, geostorage enhances energy security and stabilizes energy supply. This study serves as a preliminary step before investigating H₂ interactions in saturated porous rocks, focusing on hydrogen behavior in reservoir fluids using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The tested fluids include water, dodecane oil (light oil), dead oil, and ozokerite wax (heavy oil) under pressures up to 1800 psi. Additionally, deuterated water and perfluorinated HT-230 were used as control fluids due to their negligible NMR signals. HT-230, commonly used as a confining fluid in core plug measurements, also provides a baseline for comparison. T₂ relaxation times served as a proxy for distinguishing free hydrogen from dissolved hydrogen in bulk liquid based on molecular interactions. Since it is sensitive to hydrogen protons in fluids, it was used to assess changes in bulk properties such as viscosity and density. The results indicate that hydrogen predominantly remains in the free phase when interacting with water, as evidenced by fast relaxation times (1–20 ms) and no observed changes in T₂ with pressure, confirming limited dissolution. Similarly, hydrocarbons—including dodecane, dead oil, and wax—showed no evidence of hydrogen dissolution under NMR, as only free-phase hydrogen signals (1–20 ms) were detected. However, visual observations of gas bubbles in dead oil suggest physical hydrogen trapping rather than true molecular dissolution, indicating hydrogen retention in a discrete gas phase without full integration into the liquid phase. In perfluorinated HT-230, an intermediate T₂ relaxation signal (100–300 ms) suggests possible hydrogen dissolution, with an estimated volume of 0.80–1.20 ± 0.02 cc at room temperature. This finding indicates that while HT-230 is generally inert, some level of hydrogen interaction may occur. Therefore, caution is advised when using HT-230 as a confining fluid in core plug tests under stress, or this signal should be excluded from analysis. Although this study was conducted at relatively low temperatures and over short experimental durations, hydrogen can be physically trapped in dead oil within our test conditions. These results provide a baseline understanding of H₂ interactions in bulk fluids, informing future core plug measurements of hydrogen retention, diffusion, and mobility in depleted oil and gas reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of a novel control algorithm and scheduling procedure for optimal use of energy storage systems","authors":"Amirhossein Hamzeiyan ,&nbsp;Armin Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peak shaving with energy storage systems (ESSs) is a promising approach to optimize energy use, reduce costs, and ensure a more reliable power grid.</div><div>This paper aims to improve the performance of a novel control algorithm for efficient peak shaving by using sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization techniques. Regarding this, 2 hypothesis load demand profiles as well as 5 different scenarios with diverse objective functions, including ESS capacity, standby days of the ESS, etc., were considered for multi-objective optimization, and the control algorithm was applied to them. These scenarios were designed to explore the algorithm's adaptability to different operating conditions and to evaluate its effectiveness across varying system constraints. The Pareto front of each was extracted and the results of each were detailed. Among the most important obtained results, it can be mentioned that the decrease of 58.29% and 51.32% of ESS standby days in load profiles A and B, respectively, compared to basic conditions. Also, it has been possible to reduce peak demands to 16.29% and 19.66%, respectively, compared to the maximum value of profiles A and B.</div><div>To enhance the efficiency and gain more precise control over the energy storage system's charging and discharging rates, incorporating upper limits for charging and lower limits for discharging were proposed. This modification requires minimal changes to the existing algorithm. Future research could concentrate on integrating direct regulation of the charging and discharging rates of the ESS by establishing upper and lower bounds for these rates as decision variables within the optimization framework. This approach would more accurately represent the operational constraints of the ESS, thereby improving the model’s applicability and scalability for real-world implementations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ammonia power system with zero-carbon potential: A next power?","authors":"Jingyu Wang ,&nbsp;Ligeng Li ,&nbsp;Xuanang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiwei Yin ,&nbsp;Hua Tian ,&nbsp;Gequn Shu ,&nbsp;Zhenyuan Zi ,&nbsp;Yu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a critical sector for carbon emissions, reducing carbon emissions in transportation internal combustion engines (ICE) remains an important issue. Ammonia has demonstrated strong performance and zero-carbon potential in ICEs and heat utilization. Therefore, this discussion proposes a zero-carbon engine concept to achieve energy savings and emission reductions. The proposed engine is an ammonia medium hybrid engine (AMHE), which utilizes ammonia as the sole working medium to achieve power conversion through combustion and heat exchange within the power system. This discussion demonstrates that the AMHE has the potential to reach the world-advanced level, with a brake thermal efficiency of 59.3%. With the development of blue ammonia to green ammonia, the promotion of the AMHE could reduce CO₂ emissions by 64.32–98.90%, equivalent to over 220 million tons in China's transportation sector. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrates that the ammonia diesel cycle achieves the ignition temperature at a compression ratio of approximately 22, which is significantly lower than the previously expected value of 35. This discussion also analyzes the impact of diesel cycle parameters on the Rankine cycle (RC) performance and explores the potential for performance enhancement and compression ratio reduction when using the ammonia RC instead of jacket water. This discussion aims to propose the AMHE as a viable solution for power systems with zero-carbon potential. To this end, we validate its performance and carbon reduction potential of the AMHE and outline future research directions and priorities for this power system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and identification of potential microbial fuel cells capable for the detoxification of hexavalent chromium from leather industry wastewater with power generation","authors":"Christina Saran ,&nbsp;Devendra Kumar Patel ,&nbsp;Vartika Jain ,&nbsp;Gubbala Naga Venkata Satyanarayana ,&nbsp;Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale ,&nbsp;Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira ,&nbsp;Ram Naresh Bharagava","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a potential green technology that might produce bioelectricity while treating wastewater and reducing heavy metal (Cr⁶⁺) pollution. A dual-chamber MFC is inoculated with potentially active bacteria to reduce Cr⁶⁺ and generate bioelectricity. Three bacterial isolates, <em>Pseudomonas stutzeri</em> (CSDEM1), <em>Microbacterium algeriense</em> (CSDEM3), and <em>Bacillus stratosphericus</em> (CSDEM4), were tested for their efficiency. Among these, CSDEM3 (<em>M. algeriense</em>) showed the highest ability to reduce Cr⁶⁺ (80.13%) at a concentration of 1500 ppm and produced the highest bioelectricity (302 mV and 501 µA), which is the novelty of this work. Bacterial cells exposed to Cr⁶⁺ displayed larger cell size than unexposed cells. Chromium peaks in exposed cells were verified by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, suggesting that either precipitated Cr³⁺ or its complexation with bacterial cell components was the cause. The electrogenic mechanism used by the isolates, single strain, and consortia (CSDEM134) in the MFCs was revealed by the anodic biofilm generation yield. When compared to a single strain, the use of bacterial consortia in MFCs produced slightly better effluent physicochemical characteristics as well as improved Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometric (FT-IR) and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical results. This study demonstrates how MFCs can remove Cr⁶⁺ from wastewater effectively and sustainably while producing sustainable bioelectricity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly flexible flyash/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite paper: A sustainable electrode for new generation Li-ion batteries","authors":"Satish Teotia ,&nbsp;V. Selvamani ,&nbsp;Anisha Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Tejendra K. Gupta ,&nbsp;Rajeev Kumar ,&nbsp;Anchal Srivastava ,&nbsp;Sanjay R. Dhakate ,&nbsp;Bhanu P. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible energy storage devices have been the focus of much research and development as potential sources of energy for portable electronic devices. However, designing an innovative electrode structure that is cost-efficient, sustainable, and resource-efficient poses a significant challenge to the advancement of next-generation flexible-energy storage materials. Flyash, as an industrial waste, can be used as a potential electrode material because of its low cost and the presence of various metal oxides, especially silicon-based materials. Using a low-cost and binder-free vacuum filtration method, we present a facile method for forming a very stable porous architecture of flyash and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Here, the performances of flyash/MWCNT paper anodes prepared via acid-reflux and simple stirring methods are compared to determine the influence of both methods on the electrochemical properties of the anode. When using a current density of 0.1 A/g for up to 300 cycles, the acid-refluxed and flyash blended MWCNTs composite paper anodes exhibit a specific capacity of 290 mAh/g and 272 mAh/g, respectively, with over 98% coulombic efficiency. The highly porous and interconnected MWCNTs conducting network makes it easier for Li⁺ ions to penetrate and come into direct contact with the metal oxides found in flyash. As a result, the composite paper shows a high specific capacity that holds steady over extended cycles and impressive rate capabilities for Li storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermentative biohydrogen production potential of sorghum distillers grains using anaerobic microflora at various pH values","authors":"Ching-Chun Lu ,&nbsp;Chiu-Yue Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sorghum distillers grains (SDGs) are rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals and are a good feedstock for anaerobically generating biogases such as biohydrogen and biomethane. The present work aims to investigate the anaerobic biohydrogen production potential of SDG to explore its added value. pH is an important operating factor affecting biological reactions and was tested at values of 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5. The experimental results show that the hydrogen production rate (HPR) is less pH-dependent, but the hydrogen yield (HY) is rather pH-dependent with near-neutral conditions favoring biohydrogen production. pH 6.5 resulted in an HPR of 4.9 L/L-d (188 mmol/L-d) and peak HY of 81 mL/g chemical oxygen demand. It is shown that SDG is a new and prospective biomass source for biohydrogen production, and with this application, the problem of treating kaoliang liquor SDG could be reduced. Approaches to increase biohydrogen production and applications of the experimental results were also elucidated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in wastewater treatment plant: A case study of utilizing anaerobic sludge digestion","authors":"Man-Mei Huang ,&nbsp;Ming-Ho Pan ,&nbsp;Feng-Yuan Chang ,&nbsp;Chin-Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Chiu-Yue Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The energy consumption of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is influenced by many factors, such as the wastewater flow rate, organic strength, and the treatment process for the liquid and sludge. In this study, a complete inventory of energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the WWTP of Qingsui Highway Rest Station was carried out. In this plant, the aeration blowers were used in some units, including the aerobic sludge digestion tank, and they accounted for about 50% of the total power consumption. Four plant operation scenarios, including the existing case of aerobic sludge digestion and its replaced cases of using anaerobic sludge digestion with/without biogas power generators, were applied. The comparison results indicate that for these scenarios inducing anaerobic sludge digestion, the energy consumption and GHG emissions would be reduced by 5.8–13.5% and 13.4–19.0%, respectively. This case study provides a comparison of some feasible engineering strategies for reducing energy consumption and GHG emissions in an existing domestic WWTP that uses aerobic sludge digestion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composite phase change materials by confining polymers inside nanocarbon assemblies: A review","authors":"Xiaohua Zhang ,&nbsp;Yun Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Jingna Zhao ,&nbsp;Jingyun Zou ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Sui ,&nbsp;Qingwen Li ,&nbsp;Bin Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase change materials (PCMs) have been widely used in thermal management owing to their excellent latent heat storage capacity. To overcome the problems of inherent low thermal conductivity, liquid leakage, poor mechanical properties, and poor thermal and form stabilities of polymers, composite PCMs are developed by using various reinforcements, among which nanocarbons have shown superior merits. However, it is still of great challenge to design appropriate nanocarbon skeletons toward high thermal performances and multiple responsibilities. Herein, we review recent advances in a special strategy to fabricate organic composite PCMs based on the rapid development of nanocarbon assembly materials, by focusing on the composition strategies, composite structures and thermal performances of composite PCMs. The advantages of nanocarbon interconnection and polymer confinement inside nanocarbon network are the major concern in these issues, as they provide efficient conduction pathways for heat and electrons, induce full utilization of the phase change capacity, and lead to enhanced stabilities and multifunctionalities. Finally, future developments and challenges in the development of high-performance composite PCMs are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}