Next Energy最新文献

{"title":"Effect of water films on salt precipitation in sandstone saline aquifers: A review of current understanding, potential improvements, and implications for CO2 injectivity","authors":"Zainab Oyinda Adedeji,&nbsp;Siti Nur Fathiyah Jamaludin,&nbsp;Bamidele Abdulhakeem Adeniyi,&nbsp;Numair Ahmed Siddiqui","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salt precipitation is one of the most significant factors contributing to injectivity impairment during geological carbon dioxide (CO₂) storage in saline aquifers. However, the role of water films in this process remains poorly quantified. This review evaluates current understanding of water-film properties and the potential influence on salt precipitation and CO₂ injectivity. Water-film behavior is controlled by coupled surface, pore-scale, fluid, and injection conditions and therefore cannot be represented by a single universal film thickness. Connected water films may sustain brine and dissolved ion transport towards drying regions, influencing supersaturation, salt growth, and spatial distribution. However, their relationship with injectivity is indirect and multiscale, as permeability impairment depends strongly on the amount, morphology, and location of precipitated salts, while other geochemical, geomechanical, and operational processes may concurrently alter injectivity. Available studies largely infer water-film behavior indirectly, with limited direct quantitative measurements under reservoir conditions. This review therefore proposes a hybrid multiscale framework integrating nanoscale characterization, pore-scale visualization, core-scale experiments, and reservoir modeling, with explicit consideration of uncertainty during upscaling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101075"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utilization of brine for CO2 mineralization – A review","authors":"Zsolt Dobó,&nbsp;István Kocserha,&nbsp;Csaba Deák,&nbsp;Emese Sebe,&nbsp;Helga Kovács,&nbsp;Truong Dinh","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intensifying demand for freshwater and continued reliance on fossil fuels have accelerated the generation of CO₂ emissions and high-salinity brine waste streams worldwide. Desalination brine and other seawater-derived effluents are enriched in multivalent cations such as Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, making them promising feedstocks for CO₂ mineralization. This approach enables simultaneous carbon capture and sustainable brine management by converting dissolved inorganic carbon into stable carbonate minerals. This review comprehensively synthesizes recent advances in CO₂ mineralization technologies employing natural seawater, desalination brine, and other industrial brine, focusing on both direct and indirect carbonation pathways. Fundamental mechanisms alongside state-of-the-art technologies are critically examined. Direct carbonation offers low operational costs but remains limited by pH control and kinetic constraints. Indirect methods, on the other hand, can achieve greater conversion efficiency and improved product selectivity. Nonetheless, large-scale deployment still faces obstacles involving high energy consumption, membrane fouling, waste handling, and the purity of the resulting carbonates. By consolidating dispersed knowledge and highlighting key technical challenges, this review elucidates the feasibility and limitations of coupling CO₂ mineralization with brine management. The insights provided aim to support future research directions and facilitate the transition toward industrial-scale implementation of brine-based CO₂ mineralization technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101073"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-driven valorization of lignin from biomass for biorefinery applications: A comprehensive review","authors":"Hariish Chandrasekar,&nbsp;Selvarajan Ethiraj","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin, the most abundant natural aromatic polymer in lignocellulosic biomass, is an underutilized yet highly valuable feedstock for biorefineries. However, the complex linkages between units of variable composition of monolignol and the heterogeneous and recalcitrant nature of lignin pose a continuing technical challenge to its efficient extraction, depolymerization and conversion into value-added products. Conventional lignin valorization approaches such as thermochemical, chemical, and biochemical routes depend largely on experimental trial-and-error optimization, which is time-consuming and resource-intensive. This review covers the recent advances in the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) approaches for the valorization of lignin in biorefinery systems. AI/ML methods can be categorized into four types: prediction modelling using tools such as artificial neural networks (ANN), response surface methodology (RSM), tree-based algorithms (e.g., XGBoost) and Gaussian process regression to predict lignin yield, purity, molecular weight distribution, and depolymerization rate. The optimization techniques, such as deep learning, Bayesian optimization, genetic algorithms (GA), evolutionary computing, and particle swarm optimization (PSO) increasingly coupled with hybrid modelling frameworks (e.g., ANN-RSM, ANN-GA, GA-RSM) to improve process efficiency and product quality. The review also covers the coupling of AI/ML-enabled models with techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) as a means of evaluating the environmental and economic viability of lignin-derived products at scale. This review, demonstrates that AI/ML-enabled lignin valorization is a promising route for intelligent, data-driven biorefinery systems to maximize yield and improve product quality, and minimize the cost of processing, thus contributing to the transition towards a sustainable bio-circular economy and low-carbon industrial processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101074"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated floating photovoltaic-aquaculture systems for island and archipelago energy transitions: Technologies, challenges, and opportunities","authors":"Nabiyl Ahmad Fawzy Muntasir,&nbsp;Diego Agung Christovano Paranoan,&nbsp;Arfansyah,&nbsp;Desti Alkano,&nbsp;Benny Susanto,&nbsp;Zainal Arifin,&nbsp;Muhammad Zaki Almuzakki","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine Floating Photovoltaic (MFPV) systems integrated with aquaculture could help island nations address limited land and poor energy access. This narrative review synthesizes peer-reviewed literature and energy reports published between 2016 and 2026, with emphasis on 2022–2026. It covers offshore platform design, photovoltaic adaptations, ecological and aquaculture interactions, hybrid energy storage, and energy management under island conditions. Evidence is classified by origin (marine, coastal/brackish, freshwater, or general) so that the transferability of each finding can be judged. The literature indicates that MFPV-aquaculture integration can support shared use of marine space and improve energy resilience. However, evidence supporting these benefits is limited by the predominance of short-term studies, limited offshore demonstrations, and reliance on simulation or conceptual analyses. Reported gains are often site-dependent; for example, bifacial yield increases of about 10–20% apply under favorable conditions, and power-to-hydrogen-to-power storage returns roughly 20–30% of stored electricity, against 85–95% for lithium-ion batteries. No field deployment combining MFPV, hybrid storage, and aquaculture was identified. Structural integrity at sea, economic feasibility, ecological effects, and regulatory and social barriers remain open questions. The review sets out short-, medium-, and long-term research priorities and provides an evidence-based foundation for guiding future pilot-scale validation and eventual scaling of hybrid MFPV-aquaculture systems in archipelagic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101119"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149199578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated environmental engineering solutions for arid regions: From smart buildings and water harvesting to green energy and desertification control: A comprehensive review","authors":"Ryoof Al-huwaizi,&nbsp;Aljuri Alshahrani,&nbsp;Jumana Al-Qalyan,&nbsp;Sarah AlTamami,&nbsp;Haya Hamdan","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101052","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arid and resource-scarce regions are facing increasing environmental pressure in recent years due to climate change, rapid urban growth, and the continuous increase in demand for natural resources. In most traditional engineering practices, water, energy, carbon, and land systems have usually been treated separately. However, this approach is becoming less effective because these systems are closely linked and strongly influence one another. This review brings together recent developments in integrated environmental engineering, focusing on the interaction between smart building systems, atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), circular water–energy processes, carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), and desertification mitigation technologies. A structured literature search was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection across six predefined thematic domains, covering literature available up to 2026 and identifying 1567 records. After duplicate removal and sequential screening based on predefined eligibility criteria, 74 studies were retained for the final synthesis. Quantitative evidence showed that increasing atmospheric water-harvesting cycles from 2 to 12 per day increased total water production from 1.42 to 2.52 g/g, but reduced sorbent utilization efficiency from 51.4% to 16.4%. In parallel, optimized green hydrogen systems reported production costs of approximately 2.3 USD/kg, while integrated wastewater–hydrogen systems achieved hydrogen purities of 87–96%, alongside up to 70% magnesium removal and complete phosphate recovery in selected configurations. The review explores how smart infrastructure is gradually moving toward more adaptive and energy-aware systems, supported by advanced nano-materials such as MXenes and nano cellulose-based materials. It also discusses recent progress in atmospheric water harvesting, especially sorbent-based systems that can operate under low-humidity conditions, although challenges related to scaling and real-world application are still present. In parallel, wastewater to-energy technologies are reviewed, including photocatalytic and electrochemical approaches used for green hydrogen production within sustainable energy frameworks. The role of CCUS is also considered, particularly its shift toward carbon utilization in addition to storage. Desertification mitigation is further addressed through land restoration strategies and naturebased solutions that are integrated within broader water–energy–land systems. Despite the progress in these areas, there are still important challenges that limit real-world implementation. These include difficulties in integrating different systems together, long-term operational stability, economic feasibility, and scaling technologies beyond laboratory conditions. By integrating evidence across water, energy, carbon, built-environment, and land-restoration domains, this review develops a systems-level framework for arid regions that identifies cross-secto","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101052"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive framework for assessing waste and biomass availability: A case study of Bangladesh’s resource potential","authors":"Md. Al Amin Rahman,&nbsp;Hasan Muhommod Robin,&nbsp;Md. Sanowar Hossain,&nbsp;Md. Abu Taleb,&nbsp;Monjur Mourshed","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass is increasingly recognized as a strategic renewable energy source in developing countries seeking energy independence and climate resilience. This study develops a spatially resolved, data-driven framework for assessing the sustainable availability and energy conversion potential of biomass feedstocks in Bangladesh. A bottom-up methodology was employed to quantify five major resource streams, including livestock manure, agricultural residues, municipal solid waste (MSW), forest biomass, and biosolids, while accounting for competitive uses, recovery efficiencies, and processing losses. Geographic information systems (GIS) were integrated to generate high-resolution spatial inventories across all administrative districts, supporting targeted bioenergy planning and identifying regional biomass co-utilization hotspots for biorefinery siting. Results indicate Bangladesh produces approximately 193.6 million oven-dry tons (ODT) of livestock manure, 64.9 million ODT of agricultural residues, 12.1 million ODT of forest biomass, 6.0 million ODT of MSW, and 1157.8 k ODT of sludge annually. These feedstocks can be thermochemically converted mainly via pyrolysis, which yields an estimated 47.77 million tons of biochar and 4.84 million tons of hydrogen per year. The projected hydrogen energy output corresponds to roughly 88,700 GWh of electricity, equating to 85% of the country’s 2024 electricity consumption. The novelty of this work lies in its holistic integration of spatial analytics and energy systems modeling, offering the first comprehensive biomass resource atlas and valorization roadmap for Bangladesh. The findings inform future applications in industrial decarbonization, rural electrification, and policy frameworks supporting circular and low-carbon energy transitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101090"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149199661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid battery thermal management systems for electric vehicles: Integrating intelligent control, material innovation, and scalability for next-generation energy storage","authors":"Yuvarajan Devarajan,&nbsp;M. Dinesh Babu,&nbsp;T. Raja,&nbsp;Manish Srivastava,&nbsp;Dhirendra Nath Thatoi,&nbsp;Sakthivel Santhanam,&nbsp;Kantharaj I,&nbsp;Parin Patel,&nbsp;G. Gulothungan","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective battery thermal management is required to maintain temperature uniformity, limit degradation, and reduce safety risks in electric-vehicle battery packs. This review critically evaluates hybrid active-passive battery thermal management systems that combine air or liquid cooling with phase change materials, heat pipes, conductive structures, and intelligent control. The literature is assessed according to battery chemistry, cell format, system scale, operating conditions, maximum temperature, temperature difference, auxiliary energy demand, mass and volume penalties, validation method, and deployment maturity. Available studies report lower maximum cell temperatures and improved thermal uniformity for several hybrid configurations relative to their selected single-mode baselines. The magnitude of improvement depends on C-rate, ambient temperature, cell geometry, coolant flow, phase-change temperature, test duration, and baseline design. However, most studies remain limited to numerical simulations or small laboratory modules, while long-term cycling, pack-level validation, manufacturing feasibility, lifecycle impact, and cost are examined less often. Immediate research priorities include standardized testing, matched baseline comparisons, durability assessment, pack-scale validation, and combined evaluation of thermal performance, energy use, mass, and cost. Longer-term development requires chemistry-specific thermal designs, reliable reduced-order models, adaptive control, recyclable thermal materials, and coordinated safety qualification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101065"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Battery management systems for electric vehicle: Technologies, challenges, and future research directions","authors":"Gokula Krishnan Agilan,&nbsp;Senthil Kumaran Selvaraj,&nbsp;Sundaramali G,&nbsp;Giriraj Mannayee,&nbsp;Suya Prem Anand P,&nbsp;Kalyanaraman Pattabiraman","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid development of Electric Vehicle (EV) has increased the demand for battery management systems (BMSs) capable of ensuring safe, reliable, and efficient operation under dynamic conditions. This review critically examines the evolution of EV-BMS technologies from conventional monitoring and protection to AI-enabled, connected, and application-oriented systems. Unlike reviews that primarily address individual BMS functions or specific battery technologies, this work integrates battery characteristics and degradation with state estimation, thermal management, cell balancing, fault diagnosis, safety, and emerging BMS architectures, while emphasizing their interactions and practical deployment constraints. Recent developments in machine learning, deep learning, reinforcement learning, physics-informed methods, cloud-assisted and digital-twin-based BMS, wireless communication, cybersecurity, and emerging battery chemistries are comparatively examined in terms of computational burden, data requirements, safety, scalability, and real-time applicability. The review further identifies system-level challenges related to cross-chemistry transferability, uncertainty and sensor faults, AI validation, communication reliability, cloud-edge coordination, and BMS adaptation for emerging and second-life batteries. These findings highlight the need to move beyond isolated algorithmic improvements toward validated, interoperable, and application-aware BMS architectures for future EVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101072"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering of CdSe quantum dots for photocatalysis: Fundamentals and applications in CO₂ reduction and biomass photoreforming","authors":"Seif Al Bustanji,&nbsp;Ihsan k. Jasim,&nbsp;Maharshikumar B. Shukla,&nbsp;Ahmed Aldulaimi,&nbsp;Sara Abdalkahar Sleeman,&nbsp;Khushnud Azizjanov,&nbsp;Mirzohid Ernazarov,&nbsp;Kamal Kishore Thakur,&nbsp;Shayan Amiri","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic conversion of CO₂ and biomass-derived substrates offers a promising route for coupling solar energy harvesting with sustainable fuel and chemical production. This review analyzes CdSe quantum dots (QDs) as photocatalysts by linking their size-dependent electronic structure and surface chemistry to reaction-level performance in CO₂ reduction and biomass photoreforming. Quantum confinement defines band-edge energetics and exciton behavior, whereas ligand environments, defect states, and surface reconstruction govern carrier extraction, interfacial redox transfer, and susceptibility to non-radiative loss. Performance is therefore determined not only by light absorption, but by the balance between charge separation, transport, surface utilization, and degradation pathways. Reported CdSe QD systems are examined across unsupported nanocrystals, supported dispersions, and heterojunction architectures to identify how interfacial contact, optical management, and mass transport influence activity, selectivity, and comparability. In CO₂ photoreduction, surface-state energetics, carrier delivery, and photocorrosion constrain both efficiency and product distribution; in biomass photoreforming, substrate complexity and adsorption geometry regulate oxidation pathways and coupling to reductive half-reactions. These relationships provide a basis for more rigorous benchmarking and mechanism-informed catalyst design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101063"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on robust optimization theories and applications for energy sustainability","authors":"Manish Meena,&nbsp;Nitin Dutt Chaturvedi","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to low-carbon, decentralised, and interconnected energy systems increases uncertainties in renewable generation, including climate conditions, technology, prices, and supply chains. Robust optimization (RO) supports decision-making when parameters are uncertain but can be bounded, while their probability distributions are unreliable. Its guarantees depend on the construction and calibration of uncertainty sets and do not extend to conditions excluded from the planning. This review examines the RO from classical set-based formulations to adjustable, distributionally robust, stochastic–robust, and machine-learning-assisted approaches. The applications are classified into policy planning; infrastructure and system design; operational scheduling and control; and energy networks, logistics, and supply chains. These indicates that RO strengthen feasibility, flexibility, security, and resilience among renewable integrations. This is motivated from the perspective of uncertainty protection alongside technological affordability and distributional equity. Future research should coordinate operations, represent climate and cross-sector risks, incorporate circular material flows and ecological justice norms, and establish transparent benchmarks, including physically credible tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101070"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}