Next Energy最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the impact of fossil fuel subsidies and environmental tax on renewable energy consumption of OECD countries: A panel quantile approach","authors":"Priyanshu Chavda,&nbsp;Dhyani Mehta","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In global efforts to achieve net-zero targets, energy consumption from renewable sources is crucial. With this, the gradual elimination of fossil fuel subsidies as an influencing factor for enhancing renewable energy consumption has received less academic interest. Thus, this study aims to investigate the impact of fossil fuel subsidies and environmental taxes on renewable energy consumption in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. The impact was assessed using a panel quantile model, which analysed the annual time series data from 2015 to 2023 of OECD countries. The novelty of this study lies in its use of IMF’s fossil fuel subsidies data, which includes implicit subsidies and accounts for negative externalities, while employing a panel quantile model to capture distributional effects. The coefficient of fossil fuel subsidies is negative and significant, supporting the argument that large fossil fuel subsidies impede the transition to renewables. The positive and significant coefficient for environmental taxes shows that environmental taxation is an important fiscal tool to disincentivize harmful consumption by correcting negative externalities and fostering the adoption of renewable energy. Furthermore, the positive and significant coefficient of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) indicates that higher GDP promotes adoption of renewable energy, thereby supporting the conservative hypothesis. The results show that the effects of subsidies and taxes are heterogeneous, with stronger impacts in countries with a high renewable energy share. These results highlight the importance of gradually removing fossil fuel subsidies and strengthening environmental taxation to accelerate the transition towards green energy. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers seeking to strike a balance economic growth and environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the impact of the gas diffusion layer structure on catalyst utilization in the PEM water electrolyzer","authors":"Yuyao Huang ,&nbsp;Samuel Williams ,&nbsp;Tae Wook Heo ,&nbsp;Aaron Marshall ,&nbsp;Brandon Wood ,&nbsp;John Kennedy ,&nbsp;James Metson ,&nbsp;Meng Wai Woo ,&nbsp;Jingjing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A multiphysics half-cell model of a polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) was developed to probe impacts of the detailed 3-dimensional pore structure of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) on performance characteristics. We show that pores in the titanium GDL mesh led to significant underutilization of the catalyst layer (CL), with only 45% of the catalyst effectively utilized. This contradicts the assumption of uniform electron flow across the CL, as shown in graphical abstract (a), as near-zero current was observed near GDL pore regions and the current distribution in CL was influenced by GDL structure, as shown in graphical abstract (b). Instead, oxygen generation was primarily concentrated under the solid titanium regions, diffusing out around the pore walls. High current density peaks were also noted at the GDL-catalyst contact, correlating with degradation hotspots that were directly observed in companion experiments, as shown in graphical abstract (c). Collectively, these findings point to the critical importance of the heterogeneous GDL porous architecture not only for PEMWE efficiency but also for uneven degradation of the CL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chiller power consumption forecasting for commercial building based on hybrid convolution neural networks-long short-term memory model with barnacles mating optimizer","authors":"Mohd Herwan Sulaiman ,&nbsp;Zuriani Mustaffa","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the critical challenge of energy efficiency in commercial buildings, where chillers typically consume 40–50% of total building energy. Accurate forecasting of chiller power consumption is essential for optimizing building energy management systems and reducing operational costs. Despite advances in deep learning, existing forecasting models often struggle with the complex temporal dependencies and non-linear patterns in chiller operation data. This paper presents an innovative approach using a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) model optimized by the Barnacles Mating Optimizer (BMO). The study compares the proposed CNN-LSTM-BMO against other metaheuristic optimization algorithms, including Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), and Differential Evolution (DE). The models were evaluated using comprehensive performance metrics and validated through statistical analysis. Results demonstrate that the CNN-LSTM-BMO achieves superior performance with the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.5523 and highest <em>R</em>² value of 0.9435, showing statistically significant improvements over other optimization methods as confirmed by paired <em>t</em>-tests (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Key observations include: (1) the CNN-LSTM-BMO model converges 27% faster than traditional optimization methods; (2) SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis reveals that temperature-related features, particularly saturation temperature, are the most influential predictors across all models; and (3) the proposed model maintains prediction accuracy even under varying operational conditions. The proposed CNN-LSTM-BMO model demonstrates robust convergence characteristics and superior generalization capability, making it particularly suitable for real-world applications in building energy management systems. This research contributes to the advancement of accurate and efficient chiller power consumption forecasting methodologies, offering practical implications for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system optimization and energy efficiency improvements in commercial buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced high-rate performance of Zr-doped P2-Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 cathode for sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Ananya Kumar,&nbsp;Sreeraj Puravankara","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Layered P2-type oxide compounds are an essential class of cathode materials for Na-ion batteries because of their superior capacity, average working potential, enhanced diffusivity of Na⁺ ions, and air stability compared to the O3-type oxides. Among the P2-type oxides, Na_0.67Ni_0.33Mn_0.67O₂ (NNMO) is one of the most explored materials because of its superior electrochemical performance. The inherent problem of low capacity retention because of phase changes during high-voltage cycling and Na⁺/vacancy ordering is still a considerable challenge for P2-type oxide cathodes. In this work, we have doped NNMO with Zr⁴⁺ ions at the Ni site to improve the compound's cycle stability. Partial substitution of Ni²⁺ ions with Zr⁴⁺ breaks the Na⁺/vacancy ordering and increases the interslab distance in the lattice, allowing easy movement of Na⁺ ions. These effects boost the cycle stability and the rate kinetics at higher rates. Herein, we report Na_0.67Ni_0.29Zr_0.02Mn_0.67O₂, which delivers 80 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C rate and retains 90.1% of it after 500 cycles. At 5 C, it delivers 62 mAh g⁻¹ after 700 cycles, showing an outstanding retention of 75.6%. Interestingly, a full cell made with commercial hard carbon anode delivers 74 mAh g⁻¹ in the initial cycle and retains 65.7% after 50 cycles at 1 C, demonstrating an energy density of 229 Wh kg⁻¹.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIL simulation of a solar PV-fed cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter with AC-side battery storage and power management","authors":"Alok Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intermittent nature of solar power generation makes battery storage essential in standalone Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) systems. Typically, battery systems are placed on the direct current (DC) side, after the boost converter, to manage surplus or deficit power generated by the SPV system, using a Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHBMLI) topology. This paper proposes an alternative approach where a common battery bank is used on the alternating current (AC) side, instead of the DC side, to minimize the need for multiple controllers. A single bidirectional converter with a battery energy management system is implemented between the multilevel inverter and the AC side to regulate the AC output voltage while ensuring the load's power demand is met. The proposed SPV system, which includes voltage control via a cascaded H-bridge 7-level inverter and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), is implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) using the Xilinx System Generator (XSG) for Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulations. The XSG automatically generates the VHDL code for sliding mode control, which is embedded in the FPGA. The Spartan 3E FPGA development board, along with the MATLAB/Simulink environment, is used for the HIL simulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthraquinone based natural pharmaceutical molecules enabling high-performance aqueous organic redox flow battery via hydrogen bonding induction","authors":"Jingyin Ning ,&nbsp;Kunlong Yang ,&nbsp;Qiuya Li ,&nbsp;Zihang Peng ,&nbsp;Siying Chen ,&nbsp;Ayesha Boota ,&nbsp;Shuang Jiang ,&nbsp;Tianyong Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have the potential to facilitate large-scale energy storage, which is expected to solve the inherent problems of indirectness and unsustainability of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy, and integrate them into the power grid. Redox-active anthraquinone molecules have the potential to serve as effective anolyte materials for AORFBs. Hydrogen bonds play an important role in the structural stability of molecules. Modulation of the hydrogen bonding effect in the electrolyte can lead to the attainment of enhanced performance in batteries. Here, we report a commercially available anthraquinone natural pharmaceutical molecule that achieves high-performance aqueous organic redox flow batteries through hydrogen bonding induction. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that excessive electron-donating substituents compromise the electrochemical stability of anthraquinone derivatives. Around 0.1 M Rhein||K₄[Fe(CN)₆] battery exhibit near 100% Coulombic Efficiency (CE) and high Energy Efficiency (EE) greater than 86%, with capacity decay decreasing from 0.124% per cycle to 0.06% per cycle and 0.3 M Rhein||K₄[Fe(CN)₆] battery decreasing from 0.47% per cycle to 0.11% per cycle due to Rhein and NH₄OH forming hydrogen bonds, effectively mitigating Rhein's capacity degradation. A new method for achieving low-cost, low-capacity decay, and high energy efficiency anthraquinone active materials is established.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiesel production from selected seed oils: Characterization, effect of process variables on biodiesel yield and engine performance testing","authors":"Ozioma J. Anekwe-Nwekeaku ,&nbsp;Chukwunonso O. Aniagor ,&nbsp;Leo C. Osuji","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the production of biodiesels from <em>Cyperus esculentus</em> (<em>C. esculentus</em>), <em>Sesamum indicum</em> (<em>S. indicum</em>), and <em>Colocynthus vulgaris</em> (<em>C. vulgaris</em>) seed oils through sulfuric acid-catalyzed transesterification. The fuel properties and engine performance of these biodiesels and their blends with hydrocarbon-based diesel (B10–B100) were analyzed. The transesterification process showed conversion efficiencies exceeding 80% for <em>C. vulgaris</em> and <em>S. indicum</em> biodiesels. The viscosity, flash point, and pour point of the biodiesel blends were evaluated and the result demonstrated compliance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Notably, the B60 blends of all biodiesels show significantly reduced acidic emissions, with <em>C. vulgaris</em> biodiesel recording the lowest value of 0.0015 g/dm³. The fatty acid profile analysis revealed that <em>C. vulgaris</em> biodiesel, with its higher polyunsaturated fatty acids, exhibits better cold flow properties but reduced oxidative stability. Similarly, the <em>S. indicum</em> biodiesel had enhanced oxidative stability due to a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids. Furthermore, all the biodiesel blends showed improved engine performance, with a noticeable reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. This makes them viable alternatives to conventional diesel fuels and the blending these biodiesels with hydrocarbon diesel could further improve fuel efficiency and emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of VO2+/VO2+ and V3+/V2+ reactions on carbon-based electrodes – correlating reaction kinetics to electrode surface properties","authors":"Chaojie Song,&nbsp;Roberto Neagu,&nbsp;Khalid Fatih","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) shows great potential for large scale energy storage. The reaction kinetics of V^3+/2+ and VO²⁺/VO₂⁺ limit its efficiency. Carbon-based electrodes are typically used in VRFBs. Controversial results are reported in the literature on how the surface properties of carbon electrodes affect the reaction kinetics. In this work, 6 carbon based electrodes (Graphite rod presoaked in H₂SO₄ (Graphite-soaked), Graphite-untreated, Graphite-Pine, Edge plane pyrolytic graphite, Basal plane graphite, and glassy carbon (GC)) are studied with respect to the electrochemical surface property and reaction kinetics of VO²⁺/VO₂⁺ and V^3+/2+ redox couples. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that capacitance, carbonyl group density, and carboxylic group density of studied electrodes are dependent on the type of electrode and that soaking in H₂SO₄ leads to an increase in capacitance and functional group density. Diffusion coefficient, charge transfer coefficient, and reaction rate constant for both VO²⁺/VO₂⁺ and V^3+/2+ reactions are also dependent on the type of electrode. The diffusion coefficient of VO²⁺ increase linearly with the logarithm of carbonyl group density, and that of V³⁺ increase linearly with the logarithm of capacitance and carbonyl group density. Kinetic current is calculated from the charge transfer coefficient and reaction rate constant, and correlated to the surface properties. For VO²⁺ to VO₂⁺ reaction, slightly stronger relationship is observed for kinetic current vs logarithm of carbonyl group density than that vs the logarithm of capacitance and carboxylic group. For the V³⁺ to V²⁺ reaction, weak relationship between kinetic current and all the 3 properties are found.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the energy withdrawn from the lithium-ion battery during electrochemical discharge","authors":"Hassan Rouhi ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Serna-Guerrero ,&nbsp;Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has led to an increased demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Due to the limited natural sources of battery materials, the need for safe and efficient recycling of LIBs is critical. Batteries at their end-of-life still might have residual energy. Therefore, safe discharge of batteries prior to recycling is needed to minimize the risk of explosion and thermal runaway. This study investigates the electrochemical discharge of LIBs by sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) solutions, with a focus on the impact of discharge current. A novel methodology enables the real-time monitoring of the voltage and current of the battery during electrochemical discharge. This, in turn, can be used to optimize the discharge process for safe and efficient recycling. The results reveal that K₂CO₃ outperforms the traditionally preferred NaCl electrolyte, providing a higher energy recovery in a shorter time despite retaining higher steady-state voltages (around 76% when 20 wt% K₂CO₃ was used as a discharge medium). Additionally, an excessive discharge current can lead to overheating and a higher voltage rebound. This should be considered when optimizing the electrochemical discharge process. By balancing the discharge rate, discharge time, and energy recovery, this study provides tools to increase the sustainability and safety of LIB preprocessing before recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P,Fe co-doped LiMn2O4, a multifunctional material to boost fast charging of lithium-ion batteries assisted by magnetic field","authors":"Renier Arabolla Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Brandon Frost ,&nbsp;Jennifer Johnstone-Hack ,&nbsp;Adrian E. Martinez ,&nbsp;Samia Said ,&nbsp;Richard I. Walton ,&nbsp;Eduardo L. Perez Cappe ,&nbsp;Yodalgis Mosqueda Laffita ,&nbsp;Paul R. Shearing ,&nbsp;Dan J.L. Brett","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fast-charging lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are essential for enhancing the competitiveness of electric vehicles (EVs) and the rapid charging of consumer electronics. The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect, induced by the Lorentz force acting on moving ions in the electrolyte, has been effectively used to explain the impact of magnetic fields on electrochemical systems. Previous works have shown that when a ferromagnetic electrode in an LIB is exposed to a magnetic field, it is possible to achieve 30% and 50% capacity enhancement and improve its capacity retention. However, generic materials used in the anode or cathode of current batteries exhibit low MHD effects due to their paramagnetic behaviour. This leads to the need to apply large external magnetic fields to witness significant effects, which therefore limits the potential of this technology. To bridge this gap, it is crucial to alter the magnetic behaviour of generic materials used in batteries and systematically study their impact. This research introduces a novel P and Fe co-doped LiMn₂O₄ (LMO) material that exhibits ferromagnetism. The developed feature enables the use of low-intensity magnetic fields (33 mT) to control its electrochemical behaviour in an LIB and gain around 25% of capacity. By potentiometric charge/discharge measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, and COMSOL Multiphysics simulation, it is uncovered the impact of the low-intensity magnetic field on the charge transfer resistance of the cathode and the mitigation of dendrite formation on the anode. This shows the potential of this material in boosting fast charging capabilities and mitigating common degradation issues in LIBs. The study demonstrates how this new material can be a game-changer in the development of more efficient and durable LIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}