Nano Trends最新文献

{"title":"Effect of charge compensators (Na+, Mg2+, Bi3+) on the photoluminescence properties of ZnAl2O4:Sm3+orange-red light emitting nanophosphor","authors":"A. Kempaiah ,&nbsp;B.S. Palakshamurthy ,&nbsp;Shivalingaswamy T","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research work presents the synthesis of ZnAl₂O_4, samarium doped ZnAl₂O₄: x%Sm³⁺ (<em>x</em> = 1–11mol%) and co-doped ZnAl₂O₄: x%Sm³⁺, Aⁿ⁺ (<em>x</em> = 5mol%, Aⁿ⁺ = Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Bi³⁺) nano phosphors. All prepared samples are calcinated at an optimized temperature of 900^⁰C. Powder XRD studies reveal that all synthesized samples are crystallized in cubic phase, with <em>Fd-3</em> m space group, matches with JCPDS # 05–0669. The ZnAl₂O₄: Sm³⁺ exhibits major excitation peaks at 274, 306, 346, 377, 404, 418, 442 and 466 nm. Inquiringly, we perform photoluminescence studies under the excitation of 274 nm and 404 nm. With 404 nm excitation, the emission peak intensity of ZnAl₂O₄: x% Sm³⁺ (<em>x</em> = 1–11 mol%) achieves its maximum when the doping concentration is 5 mol%. Charge compensators effect of different valance cation co-dopants (Aⁿ⁺ = Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Bi³⁺) on the PL emission intensity is further optimized at the concentration of 2 mol% for 274 nm excitation. CIE1931 color coordinates for ZnAl₂O₄:5mol% Sm³⁺:2mol%Mg²⁺ phosphor, (0.656, 0.343), closely approximate those of an ideal orange-red light emitting phosphor (0.670, 0.333). Measurements reveal that the average decay time for ZnAl₂O₄:5mol% Sm³⁺ and ZnAl₂O₄:5mol% Sm³⁺: Mg²⁺2mol% is 0.98 ms and 0.057 ms, respectively. This paper also summarizes the typical behavior of ZnAl₂O₄ and its Cr³⁺ association when excited by 404 nm light, for researchers interested in zinc aluminates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HfO2/SiO2 spacer oxide width optimization for enhanced terahertz performance and short-channel integrity in sub-nm silicon based junctionless dual metal gate-all-around FET architectures: A TCAD approach","authors":"Shekhar Yadav,&nbsp;Pooja Srivastava,&nbsp;C.M.S. Negi","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research evaluates the suitability of silicon-based Gate-All-Around Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (GAA MOSFET) architectures with HfO₂/SiO₂ oxide stack spacers for high-frequency applications. Comprehensive analyses of all essential parameters, including transconductance (g_m), unity gain cut-off frequency (f_T), drain conductance (g_d), intrinsic gain (g_m/g_d), transconductance efficiency (g_m/I_D), Ion to Ioff ratio (I_on/I_off), gate capacitance (C_gg), and transfer characteristics, were conducted through rigorous TCAD simulations. To ensure the structure's scalability and demonstrate short-channel immunity, Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL) analysis was performed. Additionally, subthreshold swing (SS) analysis was conducted to prove the power efficiency of the device. The analyses conducted are crucial for evaluating the characteristics of devices when scaled to the nanoscale dimensions. A spacer oxide, composed of a stack of conventional material silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and the high-k material hafnium oxide (HfO₂), was incorporated to enhance device performance by improving gate control. It was established that increasing the length of the spacer oxide enhances the effectiveness of the devices in high-frequency ranges. The assessed structures are employed with the Junctionless MOSFET architectures to demonstrate the feasibility of simpler fabrication and improved performance. The results show that the best width for the spacer oxide has a big impact on how well sub-100 nm GAA MOSFETs work at high frequencies, resist short-channel effects, and can be made smaller, making them a good choice for current and future high-frequency electronic devices. These findings provide valuable insights into the development and design of GAA MOSFETs for delivering improved high-speed and low-power devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible piezoelectric energy harvester made of vertically-aligned ZnO nanowires hydrothermally-grown by template-assisted synthesis in poled PVDF","authors":"Marie Clémence Sigallon ,&nbsp;Adrien Baillard ,&nbsp;Vincent Consonni ,&nbsp;Florian Aubrit ,&nbsp;Natalia Potrzebowska ,&nbsp;Romain Grasset ,&nbsp;Mohamed Tabellout ,&nbsp;Noelle Gogneau ,&nbsp;Eliott Sarrey ,&nbsp;Jean-Eric Wegrowe ,&nbsp;Marie-Claude Clochard","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The beneficial effect of the hydrothermal method on the morphology and piezoelectric performance of zinc oxide/polyvinylidene fluoride (ZnO/PVDF) composite thin membranes (10 μm-thick) is demonstrated. In this work, high aspect ratio vertically aligned ZnO nanowires were successfully grown on an Au seed layer to create a Schottky-like contact by template-assisted synthesis inside the cylindrical nanopores of a poled β-PVDF. Swift heavy ions irradiation was firstly used to create tracks of damages in this poled β-PVDF thin films. A subsequent chemical etching in alkaline medium revealed these ion-tracks to form dense and statistical arrays of cylindrical nanopores (10⁹ pores cm⁻²) along its thickness. Resulting ZnO/PVDF composites were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, reflectance spectroscopy, dielectric measurements and piezoelectric analysis. Vertically aligned ZnO nanowires grown in low-supersaturation conditions exhibited an ideal microstructure for enhancing the piezoelectric performance of β-PVDF, <em>i.e.</em> hexagonal wurtzite structure. From piezoelectric analysis in bending mode, the output power of ZnO/PVDF composites was plotted against 8 resistances ranging from 10⁵ to 10⁶ Ω and fitted up to 10⁸ Ω. A maximum power density of 1.90 μW cm⁻² (<em>i.e.</em> 380 µW cm⁻³ <em>N</em>⁻¹) at 2.10⁶ Ω was found to be 60 ± 10 % higher than of pristine poled β-PVDF. The performance of these ZnO/PVDF composites may be due to the combined effects of Surface Fermi Level Pinning phenomenon, Schottky-like contact and dipole alignment. It thus reveals a very promising transducer in the renewable energy application of electromechanical energy conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-responsive hydrogels based on magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles in a thermo-responsive polymer matrix","authors":"Patrick Schütz ,&nbsp;Sascha Benedict Lemich ,&nbsp;Maria Weißpflog ,&nbsp;Paul Körner ,&nbsp;Volker Abetz ,&nbsp;Birgit Hankiewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to their unique combination of magnetic and plasmonic properties, magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles (MP-NPs) are engaging platforms for multi-responsive materials. While the magnetic and plasmonic properties can be tuned by different synthesis methods that yield different particle compositions and morphologies, the possibilities of adding responsive properties by embedding MP-NPs in smart polymer matrices have not been extensively explored. This work presents the synthesis and characterization of a magneto-plasmonic CoFe₂O₄@Au@Polymer hybrid material using a double thermo-responsive <em>graft</em> copolymer. The polymers were synthesized <em>via</em> reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, using their trithiocarbonate (TTC) end group as an anchoring group on the particles’ surface. The colloidal hybrid material was crosslinked to prepare multi-responsive hydrogels, and the presence of the MP-NPs' magnetic and optical properties and the gel's temperature-dependent swelling behavior were explored. To show the synergy of the components, photothermal heating with near-infrared (NIR) irradiation was investigated to reveal that significant amounts of water can be expelled from the hydrogel.</div><div>Furthermore, the approach of using MP-NPs and TTC-terminated polymers as bases for multi-responsive materials can be adapted to obtain materials with different polymer structures to tailor transition temperatures and surface functionalization. This versatility of the properties, in combination with the heat generation capabilities and the possibility to release water and additional substances dispersed in the water phase, make such hybrid materials interesting for various applications like delivery or targeted release applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Layered ZnFe₂O₄/RGO nanopetals with exceptional specific capacitance for high-performance flexible supercapacitors","authors":"Nidhi Tiwari ,&nbsp;Priya Gaikwad ,&nbsp;R.K. Kamat ,&nbsp;Shrinivas Kulkarni","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite supercapacitive electrode materials offer significant advantages over single-component electrodes by leveraging the synergistic effects of their constituents. In this study, we synthesised a layered heterostructure of ZnFe₂O₄ and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) on nickel foam using a one-step hydrothermal method. The integration of ZnFe₂O₄, known for its high theoretical capacitance, with RGO, which enhances electrical conductivity and structural stability, addresses key limitations of individual materials and results in superior electrochemical performance. The synthesized electrode exhibited an outstanding specific capacitance of 1029 F/g, demonstrating excellent charge storage capability. To evaluate practical applicability, the ZnFe₂O₄/RGO composite electrode was employed in the fabrication of asymmetric supercapacitor devices. The results indicate enhanced energy storage performance, highlighting the potential of ZnFe₂O₄/RGO as a promising material for high-performance supercapacitors. Further investigations into its long-term cycling stability and energy density could pave the way for its integration into next-generation energy storage technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient fabrication and characterization of doped nanocomposites for thermoelectric materials","authors":"Jyoti Bhattacharjee ,&nbsp;Subhasis Roy ,&nbsp;Abdul Aziz Shaikh ,&nbsp;Preetam Datta","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of ultrahigh-temperature thermoelectric materials has the potential to accelerate the expansion of direct thermoelectric power generation. The current limitation on thermoelectric operation temperatures, which has been under 1500 K, is mainly owing to a lack of suitable materials. We describe a novel thermoelectric conversion material made from high-temperature reduced graphene oxide-based nanosheets that demonstrates constant performance up to 800 K. The method used here to synthesize graphene oxide sheets decorated with Ag₂Te and (Bi_0.5Na_0.5)TiO₃ (BNT) powders formed exhibited a high Seebeck coefficient and a decent figure of merit. A thin film of RGO-doped bismuth telluride and Ag₂Te was deposited onto FTO (Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide) glass by spin coating for positive(p) and BNT for negative (n-type) materials. Field Electron Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), XRD, TEM, Raman, and FTIR were also used to study the microstructure and chemical composition. Our findings point to using binary oxides doped with oxides to create low-cost thermoelectric materials that operate at low (ambient room) temperatures and potentially benefit energy harvesting systems. For the first time, our report showed the figure of merit around 1.8 × 10^–4 K^-1 in the temperature range 700–800 K.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing topical drug delivery: NLC innovations in dermatological therepeutics","authors":"Balaji,&nbsp;Prakash Goudanavar","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are promising drug delivery systems with broad therapeutic applications. This review covers recent advancements, challenges, and future prospects in NLC-based drug delivery. It introduces the rationale and benefits of NLC use, discussing formulation strategies like high-pressure homogenization, solvent emulsification-evaporation, and micro emulsion techniques. Unique properties, such as enhanced drug loading, controlled release, and improved stability, are highlighted. The application of NLCs in targeted drug delivery is explored, addressing challenges like low solubility, poor bioavailability, and systemic toxicity. Development challenges, including scalability, characterization, and regulatory approval, are discussed, along with potential solutions. Recent advancements like surface modification, co-delivery systems, and engineered NLCs for targeted therapy are elucidated. NLCs in topical drug delivery, particularly in dermatology, are examined for treating skin conditions with minimal systemic effects. Future directions and trends, including personalized medicine and theranostic integration, are discussed, emphasizing NLCs' potential across diverse medical applications. This review provides insights into NLC-based drug delivery's current state, emphasizing their role in advancing therapeutic outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorptive desulfurization of liquid fuels over green cost-effective Cu-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles-modified alum sludge","authors":"Aminu Musa ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Ahmad Dara ,&nbsp;Ahmed Salisu ,&nbsp;Abubakar Muhammad ,&nbsp;Tawfik A. Saleh","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The elimination of sulfur from liquid fuels in the refining process to a particular range to adhere to the environmental restriction with regards to the emission of toxic gasses. To address the limitation of hydro-desulfurization, several techniques have been used including adsorptive desulfurization. Adsorptive desulfurization has been used because of its efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the materials. In this study, Alum Sludge was modified to prepare alum sludge coupled with copper AS/Cu, alum sludge coupled with nickel AS/Ni, and alum sludge coupled with copper-nickel nanoparticles AS/Cu-Ni NPs. A comparative study was performed for the sulfur removal from liquid fuels diesel and kerosene by the Alum sludge coupled with metallic nanoparticles. The produced AS, AS/Cu, AS/Ni, and AS/Cu-Ni NPs were evaluated by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). According to the BET results, AS/Cu had a surface area that was relatively higher at 557.9 (m²/g), while AS/Ni had a surface area that was lower at 127 (m²/g). The percentage rise of Cu metallic NPs from (0.00725 % - 1.69 %) and Ni metallic NPs from 0.0085 % Ni to 0.0595 % Ni was shown by the XRF data. Researchers looked into the effects of adsorbent dose, loaded metal nanoparticles, and adsorption process isotherms. The percentage removal of sulfur increases reaching ≈100 %. In comparison to the alum sludge combined with copper/nickel (AS/Cu-Ni) and the alum sludge combined with nickel (AS/Ni) NPs from both liquid fuels, the AS/Cu-Ni yields a higher percentage of sulfur removal. The experimental adsorption results for kerosene and diesel, which had higher correlation values, were better adapted to the Langmuir model than to the Freundlich and Temkin model, according to the data. The adsorption processes were exothermic, advantageous, and spontaneous. The desulfurization process is conducted responsibly, upholding laws, and institutions, and is based on evidence-based policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray crystallographic structural Profiling of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) caped Nickel Oxide Nanoparticle","authors":"Mahfuzul Islam ,&nbsp;Md. Tarikul Islam ,&nbsp;Md. Khalid Hossain Shishir ,&nbsp;Md. Ashikur Rahaman ,&nbsp;Shanawaz Ahmed ,&nbsp;Sumaiya Islam Sadia ,&nbsp;Md. Ashraful Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A unique simple co-precipitation method was developed for synthesizing highly crystalline nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) where poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) solution as capping agent. Rietveld refinement analysis explored whole powder pattern fitting (WPPF) method confirmed resulting nanoparticles (NPs) consist of 87 % pure NiO phase. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a distinct hexagonal NiO crystalline phase, with lattice parameters <em>a</em>=<em>b</em>= 2.955 Å, <em>c</em>= 7.2434 Å, and angles α=β= 90 ° and γ=120 ° The predominant (0 1 2) plane, associated with the strongest diffraction at 2θ= 43.228 °, underscored the crystallinity of the material. Key crystallographic parameters include an average dislocation density of 0.00206 nm⁻², lattice strain of 0.27 %, a unit cell volume of 54.776 ų, a specific surface area of 41.435 m²/g, micro-strain of 0.00288, crystallinity index of 2.174 and an atomic packing factor (APF) of 64.9 %. Remarkably, 47.21 % of the synthesized NiO NPs demonstrated a crystallinity closely aligned with ICDD standard. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging showing a uniform distribution of NPs throughout the inner core structure spherical in shape and an average particle size of 48 nm in interface. Without nickel and oxygen signal, no signals were found that conform the purity of NiO NPs where nickel and oxygen were 67 % and 33 %. This study offers a detailed analysis of the enhanced crystallinity through comprehensive approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2D binary transition metal iodides: Advances in synthesis and device applications","authors":"Ishaya Kindikah ,&nbsp;Mary Otuosorochukwu Nnyia ,&nbsp;Samuel Daniel ,&nbsp;Oluwasegun Samuel Odebiyi ,&nbsp;Milka Iliya","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A subclass of 2D metal halides referred here as binary transition metal iodide of a form MX₂ and MX₃ (M = transition metal X = iodide) possess electronic, optical and magnetic properties due to their layered structure. In this review, we emphasize the distinct characteristics of BTMIs—such as their tunable bandgaps, multifaceted magnetic behavior, and potential for heterostructure integration—that differentiate them from other 2D materials. This work also provides a detailed comparative analysis of synthesis techniques and device performances, thereby narrowing the scope of previous reviews and offering clear guidance for future research. We systematically examine synthesis methods—including exfoliation, solution-based techniques, and vapor deposition—and evaluate the performance of BTMIs in photodetectors, field-effect transistors, flexible devices, and magnetic applications. Finally, we discuss current challenges, limitations, and prospects for the future development of this promising class of 2D materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}