MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Three-dimensional printed Zn2SiO4/sodium alginate composite scaffold with multiple biological functions for tendon-to-bone repair","authors":"Yu Wang, Yiren Jiao, Zhen Zeng, Jiang Chang, Chen Yang, Zhihong Dong","doi":"10.1002/mba2.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mba2.61","url":null,"abstract":"The intricate nature of the tendon–bone interface poses significant challenges for current surgical methods aimed at repairing tendon–bone interface injuries. Despite notable progress in surgical techniques, these methods continue to grapple with hurdles such as complications and suboptimal healing effects. In this study, we prepared a three‐dimensional‐printed composite scaffold by incorporating bioactive ceramic zinc silicate (Zn2SiO4) into sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel. The physicochemical properties and mechanical strength of the SA hydrogel scaffold composited with Zn2SiO4 (ZnSi/SA) were investigated in vitro. Impressively, the 0.5‐ZnSi/SA scaffold exhibited a sustained release of Zn and Si ions, while exhibiting mechanical properties compatible with tendon–bone interface repair. Moreover, cell viability, cell migration, and osteogenic differentiation assay results showed that 0.5‐ZnSi/SA scaffold facilitated the viability, mobility, and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. In parallel, assessments of cell viability, cell migration, and tendon differentiation indicated that 0.5‐ZnSi/SA scaffold promoted the viability, migration, and tenogenic differentiation of tendon stem/progenitor cells. Moreover, cell viability, cell migration, and tube formation assay results demonstrated that 0.5‐ZnSi/SA scaffold enhanced the viability, migration rate, and angiogenic performance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Collectively, our findings suggest a promising therapeutic avenue employing ZnSi/SA scaffold for tendon–bone interface healing.","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.61","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50136685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress in degradable metal-based multifunctional scaffolds for bone tissue engineering","authors":"Jian He,&nbsp;Kun Li,&nbsp;Tingkui Wu,&nbsp;Jiafang Chen,&nbsp;Sanqiang Li,&nbsp;Xiangchun Zhang","doi":"10.1002/mba2.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mba2.60","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing prevalence of orthopedic-related diseases necessitates the development of effective orthopedic implants. Conventional metal scaffolds used in orthopedic devices have limitations such as poor biocompatibility and the need for a second surgery to remove the scaffold. Degradable metal-based scaffolds, including metal-based scaffolds and multifunctional scaffolds doped with metal elements, are a rapidly developing tissue engineering strategy aimed at utilizing the mechanical and biological properties of metal elements to create a support structure that matches the complex bone regeneration environment. Repairing bone defects involves the regeneration of various tissues, and incomplete repair can negatively affect bone function and overall recovery. Therefore, combining metal-based degradable materials with other active components has great potential for enhancing the versatility and clinical applications of scaffolds. Multifunctional scaffolds doped with metal elements have better biocompatibility, osteoinductivity, biodegradability, matching mechanical, and microenvironmental adjustment capabilities. Moreover, these metal-doped scaffolds possess the advantages of controlled release of metal ions, multifunctionality, and faster degradation. This review focuses on the materials and techniques used for constructing degradable metal-based scaffolds. Furthermore, this study discussed the potential for designing and constructing multifunctional biodegradable metal-based scaffolds doped with metal elements by integrating multiple strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.60","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50149730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential of transethosomes in therapeutic delivery: A comprehensive review","authors":"Pavani Chowdary,&nbsp;Ananya Padmakumar,&nbsp;Aravind Kumar Rengan","doi":"10.1002/mba2.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mba2.59","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growing need for innovative drug delivery systems has led to extensive research to address the limitations associated with conventional dosage forms. Lipid nanoparticles have become prominent as frontline nanocarriers for the delivery of drugs and vaccine formulations. However, the pursuit of new materials and modifications to improve lipid nanocarrier properties remains ongoing. In this context, transethosomes have gained attention as a promising solution, offering distinct advantages over traditional formulations. Transethosomes minimize plasma fluctuations, first-pass metabolism, organ toxicity, and poor bioavailability. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth exploration of transethosomes, starting with an overview of the impact of formulation components on their properties and effective targeting. This article delves into the production techniques and evaluation properties employed to ensure efficient drug delivery. A significant contribution of this review lies in the analysis of various routes of administration for transethosomes, including transdermal, transvaginal, pulmonary, and ocular delivery, showcasing the versatility of transethosome-loaded with drugs and their potential to target specific tissues to achieve controlled release. Furthermore, the potential of functionalization and photodynamic therapy approaches to enhance drug delivery efficacy are explored. Overall, this review emphasizes the significant potentiality of transethosomes as a promising drug delivery system addressing the challenges associated with conventional drug delivery approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.59","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50132227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin: Avenues in cancer therapy and its nanotechnological advancements","authors":"Chandra Lekha Putta,&nbsp;Kalyani Eswar,&nbsp;Aravind Kumar Rengan","doi":"10.1002/mba2.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mba2.58","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cancer is one of the most prevailing causes of mortality worldwide. Standard therapies for cancer patients include surgical intervention, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Nevertheless, chemoresistance and toxicity are clinical implications of advanced disease. New treatments are obliged to overcome these challenges. According to clinical investigations, melatonin (MLT) has the potential to prevent and cure cancer. It is nontoxic and has a plethora of anticancer properties including apoptosis, antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, and metastasis-inhibitory mechanisms. It enhances the therapeutic sensitivity of malignancies when coupled with conventional medications. The investigations that demonstrate how MLT possesses antitumor characteristics are reviewed in this manuscript. We provided an overview of recent research on the etiology, factors associated, therapeutic property of MLT on various cancer types. We discussed the clinical implications of MLT alone or in conjunction with chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation therapy. Furthermore, we have addressed the mechanisms of its anticancer activities against several types of cancers along with research findings of various investigations done by researchers and advancements in the field of nanotechnology for efficient delivery of MLT. The recent clinical investigations of MLT in various cancer types are reported in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.58","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50149784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzyodynamic therapy at nanoscale","authors":"Zeyu Wang,&nbsp;Xinran Song,&nbsp;Hui Huang,&nbsp;Meiqi Chang,&nbsp;Yu Chen","doi":"10.1002/mba2.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mba2.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Artificial enzymes featuring the desirable catalytic activity built on nanomaterials are known as nanozymes. Compared with the natural counterparts, nanozymes have demonstrated distinct characteristics including cost-effectiveness, ease of preparation, high stability, and excellent recycling efficiency. With the rapid innovation of nanoscience and technology, a growing number of nanozymes have been deeply applied in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. In addition, a multimodal platform for effectively interacting with complicated biologic settings has also been achieved by the inherent nanomaterial and dynamic features of nanozymes, which goes beyond simply serving as an enzyme substitute. In this review, we systematically discuss and highlight the classification and catalytic mechanism of nanozymes, regulation of nanozyme activity as well as the research progresses of nanozyme-enabled/augmented enzyodynamic therapy in treating cancer based on producing and eliminating reactive oxygen species, bacterial infection, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and radiation-induced tissue damage. Furthermore, the current challenges and future development direction of nanozymes in enzyodynamic disease therapy have been outlined and outlooked. It is highly anticipated that this review will be of guiding significance for better understanding the physiochemical properties and biological effect of nanozymes and the corresponding emerging enzyodynamic disease therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.53","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50124638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances of nanobody applications in diagnosis and detection","authors":"Qianling Su,&nbsp;Wei Shi,&nbsp;Xianing Huang,&nbsp;Shihua Yin,&nbsp;Xiaomei Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoling Lu","doi":"10.1002/mba2.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mba2.54","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nanobodies (Nbs) are the variable domain of heavy-chain antibodies derived from the blood of camelids or sharks. Nanobodies are the smallest antibody fragment with intact antigen-binding ability. Compared to conventional antibodies, nanobodies have unique properties such as small size, excellent stability and solubility, low immunogenicity, ability to recognize hidden epitopes, high tissue penetration, and industrialized production. More excitingly, the camelid-specific amino acid sequences in the framework are mutated to their human heavy-chain variable domain equivalent, which is humanized, to a wide range of applications. These superior characteristics make nanobody an ideal alternative to conventional antibody, showing excellent prospects for various applications in structural biology, molecular imaging, disease diagnosis and therapy, agricultural products, and environmental chemicals detection. With the continuous updating of theories and the rapid development of technology, the screening and expression methods of nanobodies are increasingly mature. Consequently, several technologies to identify and express nanobodies have been established, and various use cases have been described. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the discovery and production of novel nanobodies, and their use in detection and diagnosis platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.54","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50119821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial copper ion-graphene oxide composite to inhibit Pseudomonas Aeruginosa keratitis in rabbits","authors":"Min Zhang,&nbsp;Yueyue Huang,&nbsp;Yangyang Zhuang,&nbsp;Yan Chen,&nbsp;Yunlong Zhou","doi":"10.1002/mba2.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mba2.56","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biofilms and their associated infections have posed serious threats to the society from both an economical concern and a healthcare perspective. Graphene oxide (GO) has recently prompted the emergence of applications in the area of antibacterial materials owing to its high biocompatibility and surface functionalization. However, the weak biological interactions with microbial cells limit the antibiotic activity of GO. Herein, by combining GO with currently utilized antibacterial metal ions, copper ion-graphene oxide composite (Cu²⁺@GO) with exceptional bactericidal activity is achieved in this work. Cu²⁺@GO composite possessed more than 95% antimicrobial efficiency of both <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>) compared with the Cu²⁺ only group or GO only group. Additionally, the composite inhibits the formation of bacterial biofilms, making it a potential candidate for the development of alternative antimicrobials. Antibacterial mechanism study shows that Cu²⁺@GO has both bacteria-binding ability and the property of producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) to cause the bacterial destruction. In vivo experiments indicate that Cu²⁺@GO possess an inhibition effect to <i>P. aeruginosa</i>-induced keratitis. Overall, this work demonstrates that Cu²⁺@GO may be promising antibacterial agents for the treatment of bacterial infection, which contributes to designing more antibiotic and safe graphene-based materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.56","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50142691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal–organic frameworks modified electrode for H2S detections in biological and pharmaceutical agents","authors":"Ceren Durmus,&nbsp;Ponnusamy Arul,&nbsp;A. Alhaji,&nbsp;Osama Shekhah,&nbsp;Veerappan Mani,&nbsp;Mohamed Eddaoudi,&nbsp;Khaled Nabil Salama","doi":"10.1002/mba2.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mba2.57","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) sensors is essential to address H₂S-related pharmacology since slow-releasing H₂S medications have been identified to be prospective options for cancer treatments. Here, we described an electrochemical sensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of aqueous H₂S, using a thin film of fumarate-based face-centered cubic (<b>fcu</b>)-based metal–organic frameworks (fum-<b>fcu</b>-MOF) modified on laser-scribed graphene (LSGE). The fum-<b>fcu</b>-MOF has shown a strong affinity and chemical stability to H₂S analysis. The electrochemical and H₂S catalytic properties were studied for fum-<b>fcu</b>-MOF/LSGE. An amperometry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques were demonstrated to validate the sensor. The resulting sensor delivered acceptable analytical parameters in terms of; detection limit (3.0 µM), dynamic range (10–500 µM), reproducibility, and stability (94.7%). The sensor's practical validity was demonstrated in bacterial cells and H₂S-releasing drug, where the sensor was able to monitor the continuous release of in-situ H₂S. The pharmacokinetics of a slow releasing H₂S donor is accessed at different time intervals and different concentration levels. Our research indicate that this fum-<b>fcu</b>-MOF based H₂S sensor holds potential in understanding pharmacokinetics of H₂S releasing drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.57","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50152597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress in thermosensitive hydrogels and their applications in drug delivery area","authors":"Bangul Khan,&nbsp;Areesha Arbab,&nbsp;Samiullah Khan,&nbsp;Hajira Fatima,&nbsp;Isha Bibi,&nbsp;Narinder P. Chowdhry,&nbsp;Abdul Q. Ansari,&nbsp;Ahsan A. Ursani,&nbsp;Sanjay Kumar,&nbsp;Jawad Hussain,&nbsp;Saad Abdullah","doi":"10.1002/mba2.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mba2.55","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The scientific community has widely recognized thermosensitive hydrogels as highly biocompatible material with immense potential in drug delivery systems. When the temperature of these hydrogels approaches that of human body, a phase change occurs, enhancing their usefulness in a range of medical scenarios. This review article highlighted the background of thermosensitive hydrogels, their properties, and their applications in transdermal, oral, ophthalmic, intravaginal, nasal, rectal, cancer therapy, and cell-loaded drug delivery systems. The literature suggests numerous advantages of these hydrogels over conventional drug delivery systems and find applications in various fields, such as therapeutic systems, filling processes, and sustained drug delivery systems. One of their key benefits is the ability to eliminate invasive procedures like surgery, providing a noninvasive alternative for drug administration. Moreover, they streamline the formulation process for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug delivery systems, simplifying the development of effective treatments. The thermosensitive hydrogels have been found to be green materials with negligible side effects and desirable drug delivery properties. The thermosensitive hydrogel's sustained-release characteristics, immunogenicity, and biodegradability have also gained increased interest. Some of the disadvantages of thermosensitive hydrogels include delayed temperature response, weak mechanical characteristics, and poor biocompatibility, which limits their potential use in drug delivery applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.55","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50128643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomimetic hydrogel supporting baths as an alternative to initiate and maintain breast tumor-derived organoids culture","authors":"Jhenifer Oliveira,&nbsp;Mariana Pereira,&nbsp;Bárbara B. Mendes,&nbsp;João Conde","doi":"10.1002/mba2.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mba2.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prince et al.<span>¹</span> have been exploring cancer pathophysiology approaches by successfully culturing in vitro patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs). Indeed, cancer remains one of the world's most devastating diseases, with a substantial and growing global burden. In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million new cancer cases and 10.0 million cancer deaths globally. Since 2010, these have represented a 26.3% increase in new cases and a 20.9% increase in deaths.<span>²</span> From those, breast cancer is still the most common cancer worldwide and has a mortality-to-incidence ratio of 15%. It holds highly intrinsic tumor genetic/phenotypic variations and intratumor heterogeneity, making each patient with breast cancer unique.</p><p>The current breast cancer in vitro models to study drug development and native pathophysiological mechanisms have shown an absence of patient specificity, limited structural integrity, stability over the cell culture period, and limited recreation of the complex three-dimensional tumor microenvironment, which almost exclusively depends on the culture of PDOs in basement membrane extract (BME) systems.<span>³</span> Hydrogels have emerged as a viable method for promoting the development and maintenance of organoids in vitro in recent years. In fact, biomimetic hydrogels, by emulating the extracellular matrix (ECM), can create a more physiologically realistic microenvironment for cells while providing physical support, hence enhancing their growth, development, and function. Recently, Prince et al.<span>¹</span> proposed a biomimetic hydrogel that supports the initiation and growth of PDOs, EKGel, as an alternative culture system for BME, such as Cultrex, which are commercially available matrices derived from mouse tumor that contains high levels of ECM proteins (e.g., laminin, collagen IV).</p><p>EKGel is a nanofibrillar hydrogel that consists of Schiff base crosslinks between aldehyde groups on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals (a-CNCs) and amine groups of lysine residues in gelatin (Figure 1A). On one hand, the arginine–glycine–aspartate integrin receptor-binding motif, present in gelatin, is also present in native ECM proteins, which facilitate cell–matrix interactions. On the other hand, the network of fibers formed by the rod-like a-CNCs have similar dimensions (43 ± 17 nm) to in vivo tumor collagen fibrils. EKGel showed a Darcy permeability, which measures the convection-driven transport, more than two orders of magnitude larger than the reported values for BME (1.9 × 10⁻¹¹ cm²), due to its significantly larger pores. By changing a-CNC concentration (0.5–3.75 wt%), EKGel obtained Young's modulus (24–3738 Pa) within the stiffness range of ECM in breast tumor biopsies (1.2–3.7 kPa). Furthermore, EKGel was more stable under shear-induced stress (14% relative volume reduction) than BME (60% relative volume reduction), Figure 1B. The imine co","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.52","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50115901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}