{"title":"Management of peripheral nerve injuries using natural based biomaterials and their derivatives: Advances and prospective","authors":"Suraj Kumar, Rishabha Malviya, Sonali Sundram","doi":"10.1002/mba2.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mba2.72","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The management of peripheral nerve injuries is an important concern due to the their incidence of nerve lesions and inappropriate regeneration that follows severe injuries, which ultimately reduces the lives of patients with this condition. Different strategies have been investigated to repair severe nerve injuries with the improvement of motor and sensory regeneration. Although autograft remains the gold standard technique, an emerging number of research articles concerning nerve conduit use have been reported in the last few years. Nerve conduits aim to overcome autograft disadvantages, but they satisfy some requirements to be suitable for nerve repair. A universal ideal conduit does not exist since conduit properties have to be evaluated case by case; nevertheless, because of their high biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural-based biomaterials have great potential to be used to produce nerve guides. Although they have many characteristics with synthetic biomaterials, natural-based biomaterials are preferable because of their extraction sources; indeed, these biomaterials are obtained from different renewable sources or food waste, thus reducing environmental impact and enhancing sustainability in comparison to synthetic ones. This review highlights the recent progress in the development of natural-based biomaterials and their derivatives for the management of peripheral nerve injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.72","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139676730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatiotemporal omics of life energy: Towards medicine of frequencies and terahertz drugs","authors":"Li-Ping Wang, Feng Gao, Zhou-Xiang Zhao, Shi-hao Liu, Rui-Song Xu, Jun Guo, Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1002/mba2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mba2.71","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The quantum mechanisms how life efficiently utilizes energy and transmits information remain unclear yet. Frequency medicine, an emerging cross-discipline of both quantum mechanics and biomedicine, is a promising turning point for biomaterials and medicine developing from the matter level to the energy level. Recognizing the pivotal role of molecular vibrational frequencies in resonant energy coupling and transmission underscores the potential of frequency medicine to precisely regulate biomaterial vibrations, influencing interactions and reactions in living organisms. At present, scientists have unveiled sophisticated phototherapeutics; nevertheless, their advancement necessitates the precise mapping of the life energy. In contrast to genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics studied on the matter level, omics of frequencies related to medicine should be on the energy level. Herein, starting from the history of frequency medicine, and followed by the introduction of vibrational strong coupling applications in life sciences, we emphasize the significance, necessity, and urgency of studying spatiotemporal omics of medicine frequencies. By decoding the energy atlas of life, we can acquire profound insights into the quantum mechanisms that govern life processes from an energy standpoint. We anticipate that the integration of biomaterials with spatiotemporal frequency omics related to medical research will contribute significantly to advancing the goals of precision medicine, potentially revolutionizing pharmaceuticals, such as terahertz drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.71","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139550505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shiyao Zhou, Yingjie Li, Qinjie Wu, Changyang Gong
{"title":"Nanotechnology-based CRISPR/Cas9 delivery system for genome editing in cancer treatment","authors":"Shiyao Zhou, Yingjie Li, Qinjie Wu, Changyang Gong","doi":"10.1002/mba2.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mba2.70","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) systems initiate a revolution in genome editing, which have a significant potential for treating cancer. A significant amount of research has been conducted regarding genetic modification using CRISPR/Cas9 systems, and 33 clinical trials using ex vivo or in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing techniques have been carried out to treat cancer. Despite its potential advantages, the main obstacle to convert CRISPR/Cas9 technology into clinical genome editing applications is the safe and efficient transport of genetic material owing to various extra- and intracellular biological hurdles. We outline the characteristics of three forms of CRISPR/Cas9 cargos, plasmids, mRNA/sgRNA, and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes in this review. The recent in vivo nanotechnology-based delivery techniques for these three categories to treat cancer are then reviewed. In the end, we outline the prerequisites for effective and secure in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 delivery in clinical contexts and discuss challenges with current nanocarriers. This review offers a thorough overview of the CRISPR/Cas9 nano-delivery system for the treatment of cancer, serving as a resource for the design and building of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery systems and offering fresh perspectives on the treatment of tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.70","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139468285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research progress of silk fibroin biomaterials: A bibliometric analysis from 2012 to 2022","authors":"Peili Luo, Chuanyu Ren, Chao Lu, Xin Pan, Zhengwei Huang","doi":"10.1002/mba2.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mba2.68","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The research scheme of bibliometric analysis.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.68","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139111938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad, Lamia Mokeem, Rashed Alsahafi, Michael D. Weir, Hockin H. K. Xu, Mary Anne S. Melo
{"title":"Magnetic-based photosensitizer to improve the efficiency of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against mature dental caries-related biofilms","authors":"Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad, Lamia Mokeem, Rashed Alsahafi, Michael D. Weir, Hockin H. K. Xu, Mary Anne S. Melo","doi":"10.1002/mba2.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mba2.67","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) shows promise in eliminating oral pathogens without inducing microbial resistance. Yet, it faces limited biofilm penetration by the photosensitizer, which hinders its efficacy against mature, thick biofilms. This study assesses the effectiveness of the MagTBO (magnetic nanoparticles and toluidine-blue ortho) nanoplatform against mature <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> biofilms associated with dental caries. The study employs constant-depth film fermenter (CDFF) models, known as “artificial mouth,” to replicate caries processes and allow biofilm growth over teeth. This method enables the evaluation of biofilm-induced mineral loss under cariogenic challenge over 5 and 10 days. The study shows that MagTBO improves aPDT's effectiveness against highly mature and complex biofilms over 5 and 10 days. However, the biofilm reduction unaffected the mineral content in the underlying dentin. This presents a promising approach for clinical aPDT protocols. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that these findings are based on in vitro studies and may necessitate further clinical confirmation. In summary, our data indicate that magnetic-based photosensitizers enhance the modulation of pathogenic oral biofilms by aPDT, offering potential advancements in clinical aPDT protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.67","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138634350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of nanoparticle-based drug delivery system for inflammation treatment and diagnosis","authors":"Qin Qin, Mao Wang, Yu Zou, Dujiang Yang, Yuchuan Deng, Shuyu Lin, Yiran Song, Rui Li, Yu Zheng","doi":"10.1002/mba2.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mba2.65","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inflammation is a prevalent pathological process that accompanies the onset and progression of numerous acute and chronic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, pancreatitis, atherosclerosis, ischaemic brain/heart disease and so forth. However, conventional anti-inflammatory drugs have certain disadvantages such as nonspecific tissue distribution, low bioavailability, and a short half-life, resulting in off-target side effects and limited efficacy in disease control. To address these issues, nanoparticles have emerged as a novel therapeutic paradigm in this field to attain inflammation targeting and improve drug pharmacokinetic properties via the well-recognized enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect at the inflammatory site. Existing reviews are predominantly centered on inflammatory pathology introduction and vector design. As a necessary complement, this review mainly elaborates on the introduction of inflammation core events, the history of the drug delivery system for anti-inflammatory drugs, the action mechanism of inflammation targeting vectors, nanoparticle classification based on targeting moiety, methods to combine targeting moiety with core nanoparticles, techniques to assess targetability in vitro and in vivo and finally the challenges and prospects in this field. The information provided herein offers practical guidance to researchers seeking to develop and evaluate inflammation targeting vectors rationally.</p>","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.65","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138502518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis F. Zubieta-Otero, Omar M. Gomez-Vazquez, Brandon A. Correa-Piña, Mario E. Rodriguez-Garcia
{"title":"Bio-inspired synthesis of bio-hydroxyapatite/synthetic hydroxyapatite hybrid nanosystems","authors":"Luis F. Zubieta-Otero, Omar M. Gomez-Vazquez, Brandon A. Correa-Piña, Mario E. Rodriguez-Garcia","doi":"10.1002/mba2.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mba2.64","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current study focuses on the synthesizing of novel hybrid nanosystems of bio-hydroxyapatite (BioHAp)/synthetic-hydroxyapatite (HAp-Syn). Bio-HAp was defatted, deproteinized, and then sonicated to obtain nanoparticles (nBioHAp). Hybrid nanosystems (HNS) were synthesized by wet chemical precipitation using nBioHAp as nucleation sites and applying four different precipitation times of 45, 90, 135, and 180 min. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the patterns of the nBioHAp and HAp-Syn samples have broadened diffraction peaks due to simultaneous elastic and inelastic scattering. Their crystallite size is about 25 nm, while the hybrid nanosystems have a size between 35 and 40 nm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed the main groups associated with hydroxyapatite (PO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>, OH<sup>−</sup>, and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>), and the nanometer character of the crystals was demonstrated by studying the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the spectra. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the differences between the morphologies of nBioHAp and HAp-Syn. The shape of HNS resembled that of biogenic HAp, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to confirm the elemental composition of Mg, Na, K, and Zn as minority ions.</p>","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.64","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138454737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chitosan microspheres loaded with WJMSCs facilitate the restoration of ovarian function in CTX-induced premature ovarian failure mice","authors":"Yiren Jiao, Yongxia Niu, Mingxun Luo, Yanling Qiu, Min Gao, Xiaolin Chen, Sunxing Huang, Jing Zhu, Lin Xiao, Haiying Liu, Junjiu Huang","doi":"10.1002/mba2.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mba2.66","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a complex disease affecting an increasing number of young women. Traditional treatments are limited in low efficacy and side effects. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) therapy holds promise in the treatment of POF. However, the clinical application of WJMSCs is hindered by challenges such as low cell viability, significant loss, and poor survival rates. In this study, we prepared three-dimensional chitosan microspheres (CSM). CSM loading substantial improved the proliferative ability and cell viability of WJMSCs. Furthermore, transplantation of CSM loaded with WJMSCs into ovaries of POF mice increased serum levels of Estradiol (E2) and Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), alongside decreased levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). CSM+WJMSCs transplantation enhanced the number of growth follicles while reduced atresia follicles, and effective alleviated the ovarian fibrosis and apoptosis within the ovarian cortex. CSM also prolonged the residence time of WJMSCs in the ovarian capsule. Moreover, superovulation experiments illustrated that CSM+WJMSCs transplantation enhanced the total number of oocytes and reduced oocyte abnormality rates. Overall, CSM+WJMSCs transplantation promotes follicle development and regeneration, restoring ovarian function by inhibiting ovarian cell apoptosis and reducing levels of fibrosis. This study presents a novel therapeutic strategy that combines biomaterial and mesenchymal stem cells for the clinical treatment of premature ovarian failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.66","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138449529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in organ-on-a-chip for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases","authors":"Jing Liu, Ying Wang","doi":"10.1002/mba2.63","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mba2.63","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently a serious and growing public health problem. In tackling this challenge, organ-on-chip (OoC) technology, combined with cell culture and microfluidics, presents a powerful approach for constructing sophisticated tissue models in vitro that can simulate the physiological and pathological microenvironments of human organs. Nowadays, OoC technology has emerged as a pivotal tool in advancing our understanding of CVD pathogenesis, facilitating tissue regeneration studies, conducting efficient drug screening, and assessing therapeutic effects. Moreover, it offers a diverse array of study platforms for preclinical research, fostering innovative approaches towards combating CVD and improving patient outcomes. In this review, we first present the key advantages of OoC technology, including its highly relevant physiological microenvironment, incorporation of integrated functions, and the possibility of the construction of multiorgan-on-a-chip through microfluidic linkage. Then, we summarized the role of OoC in the construction of disease pathological models, which provides a new channel for the exploration of disease pathological mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss the application of this technology in cardiac regeneration and drug screening. Finally, we discuss the challenges of tissue models constructed based on OoC technology and the prospects of this innovative approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.63","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135539550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applications of nanomaterials as treatments and diagnostic biosensors in microbial infections","authors":"Yi Zou, Shihan Tao, Jing Li, Min Wu, Xikun Zhou","doi":"10.1002/mba2.62","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mba2.62","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microbial infection is a major medical problem that seriously threatens public health. The abuse of antibiotics that help evolve the emergence of new drug-resistance mechanisms has led to the wide-spread and fast expansion of drug-resistant bacteria, ultimately evolving into superbugs. This significantly impairs the timely and effective treatment of infections, thus threatening global human well-being. Not all are pessimistic. Nanomaterials have emerged as an innovative choice. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, superior bactericidal effects, and high biocompatibility, nanomaterials may help eradicate drug-resistant bacteria to achieve complete remission of infectious diseases. As biological materials, nanomaterials can also improve the efficacy of existing drugs and treatments and even facilitate diagnostic efficiency. In this review, we aim to comprehensively summarize the antibacterial properties of different kinds of nanomaterials and their applications in other spheres related to treating infectious diseases (targeted therapy, phototherapy, vaccine development, and microbial diagnosis). We highlight the latest advances of nanomaterials in treating infectious diseases in different body systems. Finally, we conclude by discussing the weaknesses of currently available materials and unresolved scientific problems, which may provide insights into the development of approved agents that adequately overcome the notorious drug resistance and thereby provide unprecedented discoveries to improve treatments of the most severe bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":100901,"journal":{"name":"MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mba2.62","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135413042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}