Enzyodynamic therapy at nanoscale

Artificial enzymes featuring the desirable catalytic activity built on nanomaterials are known as nanozymes. Compared with the natural counterparts, nanozymes have demonstrated distinct characteristics including cost-effectiveness, ease of preparation, high stability, and excellent recycling efficiency. With the rapid innovation of nanoscience and technology, a growing number of nanozymes have been deeply applied in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. In addition, a multimodal platform for effectively interacting with complicated biologic settings has also been achieved by the inherent nanomaterial and dynamic features of nanozymes, which goes beyond simply serving as an enzyme substitute. In this review, we systematically discuss and highlight the classification and catalytic mechanism of nanozymes, regulation of nanozyme activity as well as the research progresses of nanozyme-enabled/augmented enzyodynamic therapy in treating cancer based on producing and eliminating reactive oxygen species, bacterial infection, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and radiation-induced tissue damage. Furthermore, the current challenges and future development direction of nanozymes in enzyodynamic disease therapy have been outlined and outlooked. It is highly anticipated that this review will be of guiding significance for better understanding the physiochemical properties and biological effect of nanozymes and the corresponding emerging enzyodynamic disease therapeutics.