纳米体在诊断和检测中的应用进展

Qianling Su, Wei Shi, Xianing Huang, Shihua Yin, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaoling Lu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

纳米抗体是来源于骆驼或鲨鱼血液的重链抗体的可变结构域。纳米抗体是最小的抗体片段,具有完整的抗原结合能力。与传统抗体相比,纳米抗体具有独特的特性,如体积小、稳定性和溶解性好、免疫原性低、识别隐藏表位的能力、高组织渗透性和工业化生产。更令人兴奋的是,该框架中的骆驼特异性氨基酸序列被突变为其人类重链可变结构域等价物,这是人源化的,具有广泛的应用。这些优越的特性使纳米抗体成为传统抗体的理想替代品,在结构生物学、分子成像、疾病诊断和治疗、农产品和环境化学物质检测等领域显示出良好的应用前景。随着理论的不断更新和技术的快速发展,纳米体的筛选和表达方法日益成熟。因此,已经建立了几种识别和表达纳米体的技术,并描述了各种用例。在这篇综述中,我们总结了新型纳米体的发现和生产的最新进展,以及它们在检测和诊断平台中的应用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Recent advances of nanobody applications in diagnosis and detection

Recent advances of nanobody applications in diagnosis and detection

Nanobodies (Nbs) are the variable domain of heavy-chain antibodies derived from the blood of camelids or sharks. Nanobodies are the smallest antibody fragment with intact antigen-binding ability. Compared to conventional antibodies, nanobodies have unique properties such as small size, excellent stability and solubility, low immunogenicity, ability to recognize hidden epitopes, high tissue penetration, and industrialized production. More excitingly, the camelid-specific amino acid sequences in the framework are mutated to their human heavy-chain variable domain equivalent, which is humanized, to a wide range of applications. These superior characteristics make nanobody an ideal alternative to conventional antibody, showing excellent prospects for various applications in structural biology, molecular imaging, disease diagnosis and therapy, agricultural products, and environmental chemicals detection. With the continuous updating of theories and the rapid development of technology, the screening and expression methods of nanobodies are increasingly mature. Consequently, several technologies to identify and express nanobodies have been established, and various use cases have been described. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the discovery and production of novel nanobodies, and their use in detection and diagnosis platforms.

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