Measurement: Energy最新文献

{"title":"Review of flow regime transition criteria for adiabatic co-current upward gas-liquid flow in vertical multi-scale channels","authors":"Yuhan Liu,&nbsp;Quanbin Zhao,&nbsp;Daotong Chong","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting the vertical gas-liquid flow regime in multi-scale channels is essential for optimizing system performance and design in engineering fields such as heat dissipation, petrochemical processing, and nuclear energy. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the flow regime transition mechanisms and criteria for adiabatic co-current upward gas-liquid flow in multi-scale vertical channels. Firstly, the widely accepted definitions of scale classifications and the characteristics of flow regimes at different scales are summarized. On that basis, the transition mechanisms and criteria for multi-scale channels across different flow regimes are reviewed, including bubbly flow, slug flow, churn flow, and annular flow. Finally, the existing criteria are assessed with experimental data banks, and refined methods for predicting flow regimes in multi-scale channels are proposed, incorporating new boundaries for medium-to-large scales and accounting for flow regime transition types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature measurement uncertainty quantification in condition monitoring of critical infrastructure using complex timeseries dependency modeling","authors":"Jennifer Blair ,&nbsp;Ting Liu ,&nbsp;Thomas Storey ,&nbsp;Timothy Wong ,&nbsp;Stephen McArthur ,&nbsp;Blair Brown ,&nbsp;Ernest Lu ,&nbsp;Alistair Forbes ,&nbsp;Bruce Stephen","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maintenance interventions are required to keep power generation component temperatures within prescribed guidelines but come with the consequence of lost generation days. Understanding temperature increases caused by asset aging processes is critical to maintain safe operation but avoid needless maintenance. This is particularly important when power plants are approaching the end of their planned operational lifetime and may not operate as efficiently, eroding generation revenue margins. Temperature measurements, in many cases the earliest indicators of performance degradation, can be subject to a variety of uncertainty and noise stemming from plant configuration, sensor calibration changes and the general variability of component aging processes. The capability to provide confidence bounds on the predicted temperatures in the presence of measurement noise can permit maintenance decisions to be made with sufficient certainty on lead time to select the best course of maintenance action, given operational or financial constraints. This paper presents an approach for identifying the rate at which mechanical component temperatures can increase over a given operational horizon and presents a predictive distribution of the predictive error that may result from that estimate. A framework utilizing the dependency structure between propagated measurement and modeling uncertainty is developed through investigating a series of increasingly detailed Copula-based approaches applied to the residuals from data-based predictive models. The contribution is demonstrated on operational power generation data as well as stylized exemplar data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into iron fuel combustion: integrated in-situ and ex-situ diagnostics of ignition delay, melting–oxidation, disruptive phenomena and nanoparticle sizing","authors":"Zakaria Mansouri","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron powders are attracting growing interest as recyclable energy carriers, offering high-temperature heat release during combustion and the potential for a carbon-free, closed energy cycle. However, key aspects remain insufficiently characterised, including single-particle combustion times over broad size ranges and the formation, size and concentration of nanoparticles during combustion. This study provides the first experimental investigation of irregular iron particles up to 250 μm in size. Combustion experiments were conducted using a controlled gas-supply, a tri-concentric tube burner with a motorised powder injector, and a quartz drop tube leading to a stainless-steel chamber for by-product collection and gas sampling. In-situ diagnostics employed a high-speed camera and a photomultiplier tube (PMT) module, while nanoparticle sizing used an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS). Ex-situ characterisation was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PMT data combined with particle-size analysis yielded new correlations for ignition delay and liquid-phase oxidation times. Ignition delay follows a second-order polynomial relationship, in contrast to the power-law behaviour reported for spherical particles, while liquid-phase oxidation shows simultaneous melting and oxidation and may be more accurately termed the melting-oxidation phase. Particle growth rates during this phase indicated oxidation rates of approximately 10–20 μm/ms. At later stages, oxide-shell rupture led to the ejection of molten nanoparticles, producing a bright secondary oxidation phase beyond the particle surface. SEM micrographs revealed a variety of disruptive events, including inter-particle collisions, impacts with the surrounding quartz tube, partial oxidation, micro-explosions and the development of surface cavities. Real-time APS measurements of exhaust emissions further demonstrated a unimodal nanoparticle distribution with a peak at 583 nm and evidence suggesting the presence of sub-500 nm particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grid-to-prosumer (G2P) interactions: Using bi-directional LSTM techniques to enhance the smart grid network through a demand response scheme","authors":"Balakumar Palaniyappan,&nbsp;Vinopraba T.","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To solve the issues in the electric power distribution network, oscillations in Electric Power Consumption (EPC) and Renewable Energy Generation (REG) must be considered. EPC and renewable energy resources (RES) are mostly used by prosumers integrated with smart grid. An incentive and dynamic pricing-based Demand Response (DR) can control the supply and demand balance. Uncertainty issues include supply and demand imbalances, EV charging, and natural REG fluctuations. This research study proposes an incentive and dynamic pricing-based DR technique for Distributed Generation and Demand Management (DGDM). This DGDM method considers the two uncertainties: demand and prosumer generation. The DGDM scheme, as proposed in this research article, has a dynamic incentive and penalty scheme. The policy applicability has been enhanced by the Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (B-LSTM) model’s predictive capabilities and ability to restrict the prosumers who participated in the DGDM program. The results demonstrate that the proposed DR policy benefits all parties involved, minimizes the electricity tariff and imbalance in supply and demand, and improves system stability while addressing prosumer issues. The proposed DR for prosumers to get a daily incentive of 89.4088 cents and 425.7844 cents reduce the daily electricity tariff.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive cooling of Photovoltaic panels using radiative paints and metal foam fins: A critical review of mechanisms, materials, and performance metrics","authors":"Kehinde Temitope Alao ,&nbsp;Kamaruzzaman Sopian ,&nbsp;Syed Ihtsham Ul Haq Gilani ,&nbsp;Jing Ee Yit ,&nbsp;Shuib Husin ,&nbsp;Taiwo Onaopemipo Alao ,&nbsp;Zeshan Aslam ,&nbsp;Hussein A. Kazem","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance and lifespan of solar Photovoltaic (PV) panels can be drastically improved by minimizing thermal buildup, which can constrain performance. This review critically compares two trending passive cooling technologies, such as radiative paints and metal foam fins, across their mechanisms, materials, and performance metrics. Radiative paints that enable solar radiation reflection and thermal emission, and metal foam fins that increase heat dissipation by providing increased surface area, are investigated separately and in combination. We discuss the contributions of these techniques to reduced operational temperatures, improved energy yield, and enhanced PV panel longevity. The review integrates discussion of the materials used in these technologies, the difficulties in their implementation, and the need for standard test procedures. We also cover multidimensional performance tests, including thermal conductivity, cooling performance, and environmental footprint. The review also provides current research gaps and recommends future research and development directions in hybrid cooling systems, the incorporation of new materials, and large-scale experimental verification. The synthesis offers a comprehensive review of the prospects of passive cooling technologies for optimizing PV systems, with implications for both academic research and real-world applications in the solar industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of load forecasting using different models","authors":"Saroj Kumar Panda ,&nbsp;Bishwajit Dey","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses a new prediction of load technique that joins the adaptability of RNNs with the capabilities of temporal modelling of Kolmogorov–Arnold Recurrent with good accuracy, because in energy management, load forecasting is essential since it has a direct effect on grid stability, operational effectiveness, cost containment, and environmental sustainability. While advanced Networks of Recurrent Neural (RNNs) like Networks of Long Short (LSTMs) have confirmed important progress in this area, conventional Vanilla RNNs struggle with problems like vanishing and exploding gradients. However, these models are also applicable for the prediction of the load in a power plant. The Network of Kolmogorov–Arnold Recurrent (KARN), a novel forecasting of load technique that joins the adaptability of RNNs with the capabilities of temporal modeling of Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks, is proposed in this research to address these issues. KARN is versatile across a wide range of customer forms by better non-linear modeling of correlations in data of load through the use of the functions of learnable temporal spline and the edge-based activations. The datasets of real-world, such as the Xingtai power plant, are used to thoroughly test the suggested KARN model. KARN continuously outperformed conventional Vanilla RNNs in all of these customer categories, and in six buildings, it outperformed Networks of Long Short and Units of Gated Recurrent (GRUs). According to the outputs, the model of KARN is a viable instrument for improving load forecasting in a variety of energy management scenarios because of its exceptional accuracy and adaptability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A smart approach to maintenance of sustainable district heating systems: Techniques, challenges, and future directions","authors":"Parham Barzegaran Hosseini ,&nbsp;Mousa Mohammadpourfard ,&nbsp;Gülden Gökçen Akkurt ,&nbsp;Mostafa Mohammadpourfard","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, district heating systems are essential for the effective distribution of energy derived from renewable sources, such as geothermal and solar thermal energy, to extensive regions, including residential and urban communities. However, faults can affect the system's efficiency and lead to energy waste and significant economic losses. DHS's dependability and effectiveness are even more important as the shift to renewable energy sources accelerates, especially under the Net Zero Emissions by 2025 Scenario. Leakage can be one of the critical faults in the system, including the loss of energy, impact on the environment, challenging stability, and damage to the system equipment. Therefore, leak detection must be quick and precise to avoid system issues and costs. This review study provides a comprehensive review of leakage detection methods, highlighting their evolution, advantages, limitations, and prospects. Traditional model-based approaches are analyzed alongside data-driven techniques and advanced methods such as Unmanned Airborne Infrared Thermography (UAIT). The review also discusses challenges like network complexity, sensor limitations, and the trade-offs between cost, accuracy, and efficiency of different methods. While many studies demonstrate promising results, their reliance on simulated data rather than real-world validation remains a key constraint. The article recommends integrating multiple methods to improve system monitoring and predictive maintenance. It also highlights future directions involving proposed algorithms and models based on state-space nonlinear methods, which are well-suited for complex systems such as DHS. This approach will be helpful in achieving high accuracy and faster detection within system. A view is held regarding the potential for improving the monitoring and predictive maintenance system while considering the sustainable use of renewable energies for district heating and discussing the benefits and drawbacks of those various detection methodologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145009941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing sustainable briquette production by utilizing local feedstock","authors":"Kiman Silas ,&nbsp;Naeemah A. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Umar Abdullahi Isah ,&nbsp;Habiba D. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Jerome Undiandeye ,&nbsp;Aliyu B. Ngulde ,&nbsp;Gutti Babagana","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aimed to optimize the composition and evaluate the performance of briquettes produced from leaves biomass, Arabic gum, and clay for sustainable and eco-friendly energy applications. This study aims to address the challenge of developing sustainable, high-energy-density briquettes from locally available materials to provide an eco-friendly alternative to traditional fuels for energy production. The briquettes were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), proximate and ultimate analyses, water boiling test (WBT), and shatter index (SI) tests. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the briquette production process by evaluating the effects of binder, biomass and clay. The SEM revealed heterogeneous microstructures with clay contributing to mechanical strength, biomass enhancing porosity, and Arabic gum providing cohesion. TGA showed thermal decomposition stages: drying (100–300 °C), devolatilization (300–420 °C), and char combustion (420–830 °C), with ignition, maximum, and burnout temperatures at 300 °C, 385 °C, and 420 °C, respectively. Proximate analysis reported moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents as 4.67 %, 35.92 %, 45.33 %, and 40.96 %, respectively, while ultimate analysis revealed high carbon (53.32 %) and low sulfur (0.06 %). WBT efficiency ranged from 36 % to 72 %, with ΔT varying from 26 °C to 56 °C. SI ranged from 20 to 166.6, influenced by binder and clay ratios. Optimal briquettes achieved 56 min burning time and 1.8 min ignition time. The study demonstrates the potential of briquette for producing efficient, durable, and sustainable solid fuel for low to medium energy demand applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First comparison of particulate sampling and quantification from a hydrogen refueling station and fuel cell electric vehicle","authors":"Samuel Bates ,&nbsp;Ziyin Chen ,&nbsp;James Olden ,&nbsp;Ward Storms ,&nbsp;Delwar Hussain ,&nbsp;Thomas Bacquart","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen fuel is foreseen as part of the energy transition towards green future. As part of hydrogen fuel quality, particulate mass fraction is essential to be monitored and maintained at a low level (&lt;1 mg/kg). Particulate sampling has only been realised from the nozzle of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) in a limited occasion. Evaluating the presence of particulate within the fuel tank of a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) provides an alternative approach to monitor particulate mass fraction and gain insights especially to link FCEV performance with particulate mass fraction. Within this activity, particulate mass determination from FCEV was compared with reference measurement of particulate from HRS. Two sampling systems, HYDAC and NPL low pressure particulate sampling system, measured particulate mass fraction in hydrogen fuel in almost repeatable condition before refueling of the FCEV and during the venting of the FCEV fuel tank. Both hydrogen fuel samples have particulate concentration below calculated limit of detection (LOD). This study provided the 1st agreement between the two strategies. Furthermore, realisation of these sampling methodologies reveals challenges for the standardization of particulate measurement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods for detecting and quantifying hydrogen emissions over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales: a state-of-the-art review","authors":"Andy Connor ,&nbsp;Haydn Barros ,&nbsp;Rod Robinson ,&nbsp;Alessandro Guzzini ,&nbsp;Marco Pellegrini ,&nbsp;Cesare Saccani ,&nbsp;Jadwiga Holewa-Rataj ,&nbsp;Tomasz Kuchta ,&nbsp;Henning Wigger ,&nbsp;Thomas Vogt ,&nbsp;Violeta Bescos Roy ,&nbsp;Victoria Krohl","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen (H₂) is currently used in several industrial sectors. However, due to its potential contribution to climate neutrality, the H₂ market is expected to expand to other sectors in the near future. H₂ emissions pose a concern due to their potential influence on methane's atmospheric lifetime, therefore acting as an indirect greenhouse gas. Therefore, minimising H₂ emissions would reduce any environmental impact and enhance safety and efficiency of the H₂ value chain. Adopting measures to mitigate H₂ emissions requires data that can be trusted and are truly representative of the emissions being monitored. Such data require validated methods based on robust metrological principles. Standard methods are needed to detect and quantify emissions over a wide range of mass or volumetric ranges, spatial and temporal scales, and emission source types across the H₂ value chain. In addition, many instruments and associated techniques are available on the (and near to) market for detecting H₂ leaks or measuring its concentration, but their suitability depends on how the instrument is deployed and its technological performance. To date, no publication reviewing these aspects is available in the literature. To cover this gap, the present paper will provide a foundation for the future development of H₂ monitoring methods. The essential constituents of a method will be defined, an overview of different monitoring techniques provided, followed by a discussion on future method development. Examples of such monitoring techniques covered are sniffers, acoustic imaging and tracer correlation. It should be feasible to develop methods to monitor emissions at component level in the near future, while further technical development is required for methods that cover larger spatial scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}