Measurement: Energy最新文献

{"title":"Effect of WC particle shape factor on residual stresses generation at the surfaces level of Ni-WC coatings deposited by the PTAW process","authors":"Deenadayalan K,&nbsp;Rahul B","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a comparative study on the residual stress formation in a Nickel-based matrix by the reinforcement of two types of WC particles having two different shape factors (angular and spherical) and density. Three types of coatings were prepared: pure Nickel-based super alloy (Spherical), Nickel-based super alloy with 30 % spherical WC particles, and Nickel-based super alloy with Angular WC particles. The prepared coatings (Ni, Ni-WCS &amp; Ni-WCA) are characterised using the X-Ray Diffraction technique for the subsequent evaluation of residual stress. Namely three techniques Sin2ψ method, William Hall method and the Direct instrumentation method based on XRD were incorporated to determine and compare the residual stresses formed in the coatings. The results exhibited that the Ni and WC shape and form factor had a significant influence on the coating residual stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of subcooled flow boiling of nanofluids in metal foam embedded tubes for performance enhancement","authors":"Aniket A. Dhavale ,&nbsp;Mandar M. Lele","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study numerically investigates sub-cooled flow boiling heat transfer and hydraulic performance in horizontal tubes filled with metal foam, using nano fluids as the working medium. Key measurable parameters, such as heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and pressure drop, are analyzed across various metal foam configurations, including porosity (80 %, 85 %, 90 %) and pore density (10, 20, 30 PPI), under varying mass flow rates (210–400 kg/m²s), heat flux (100–230 kW/m²), and inlet temperatures (10–80 °C). The HTC, a critical metric for quantifying energy transfer efficiency, reaches peak values of 25 kW/m²K for water and 22.5 kW/m²K and 19 kW/m²K for CuO/H₂O and Al₂O₃/H₂O nano fluids, respectively. Pressure drop, another essential performance metric, is strongly influenced by the metal foam's structure and nano fluid concentration, with denser foams exhibiting the highest pressure losses. The thermal performance index (TPI), which integrates energy efficiency improvements by balancing heat transfer enhancement with the energy losses due to pressure drop, consistently exceeds one for both water and nano fluids, with water achieving a TPI of 1.5. This indicates measurable energy efficiency improvements, highlighting the potential of optimized foam-nano fluid combinations to enhance heat exchanger performance. The numerical models used in this study are validated against experimental data, demonstrating strong agreement for both HTC and pressure drop predictions. These results offer a foundation for designing heat exchangers with a focus on maximizing energy efficiency through quantifiable improvements in heat transfer performance and pressure loss reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dielectric studies, ferroelectric behaviour and electronic transport mechanisms in β phase enhanced P(VDF-TrFE)/ Ho2O3 films for possible energy storage applications","authors":"K.U. Aiswarya ,&nbsp;K.J. Arun ,&nbsp;M.D. Aggarwal ,&nbsp;R. Marnadu ,&nbsp;Pius Augustine","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fabrication of nanocomposite films having good dielectric and ferroelectric properties are important for energy harvesting and storing, sensing devices and biomedical technology. Property modified composite films with high dielectric constant and conductivity can be used as a prospective candidate in advanced capacitive and energy storage applications. This work focusses on the preparation of P(VDF-TrFE)/Ho₂O₃ composite films and analysing the dielectric and ferroelectric properties and possible current conduction mechanisms. Wet chemical method is employed for the preparation of Ho₂O₃ nano particles. Solution casting method is used for the fabrication of composite films. Considerable increase in the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of P(VDF-TrFE) consequent upon the enhancement of β-phase on addition of Ho₂O₃ nanoparticles are observed. A detailed study of charge carrier transport in the films suggests the involvement of more than one current conduction mechanism. All possible current conduction mechanisms are studied by varying the temperature and voltage and are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Bayesian analysis to quantify and reduce uncertainty in experimental measurements — A narrow-angle radiometer case study","authors":"Teri S. Draper,&nbsp;Jennifer P. Spinti,&nbsp;Philip J. Smith,&nbsp;Terry A. Ring,&nbsp;Eric G. Eddings","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Formal uncertainty analysis is an important but sometimes overlooked component of experimental work. Without quantified uncertainty, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions from the experimental data, as a lack of formal uncertainty analysis leaves the reliability of the data unknown. An added benefit to performing uncertainty analysis is that once uncertainty is quantified, steps may be taken to mitigate it. There are two layers of uncertainty in experimental measurements: uncertainty due to sources present during calibration of the measurement device (“calibration-scenario uncertainty”) and additional uncertainty due to sources present during the experimental measurement (“experimental-scenario,” or total, uncertainty). We formalize a generic protocol (the “Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification and Reduction Protocol”) for use in any experimental measurement to first quantify and then strategically refine error sources in the data. In this work, we utilize a method of Bayesian uncertainty quantification developed and presented by Spinti et al. (2021). Once the uncertainty is measured, the protocol targets the largest contributors to the uncertainty; the experimentalists may iterate the relevant steps of the protocol to refine these error sources until the uncertainty is either below a desired threshold or they reach the physical limits of the system.</div><div>We illustrate the practical use of the protocol with radiometric intensity data taken in an industrial-scale power plant. First, we calculate the calibration-scenario uncertainty of the intensity data. Next, we modify the calibration procedure and the instrument model, which reduced the calibration-scenario uncertainty (2<span><math><mi>σ</mi></math></span>) from 21.5% to 2.81% (an 87% reduction). Lastly, we utilize this quantified uncertainty with replicate data at the experimental scale to estimate the total or experimental-scenario uncertainty of the quantity of interest: time-averaged intensity measurements in the industrial boiler. Our reduction in calibration-scenario uncertainty reduces the estimated total uncertainty of the intensity measurements by roughly one-third. Despite these reductions, the total uncertainty remains high. We recommend reapplying the protocol using data from a future experimental campaign, coupled with a high-fidelity model of the boiler, to address the high total uncertainty in these measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of power factor, harmonic content, and standby consumption in smart lamps","authors":"Eduardo Lourenço de Sousa,&nbsp;Marcio Zamboti Fortes,&nbsp;Bruno Gavinho Serdeira,&nbsp;Carlos Henrique Pereira da Silva da Costa Cardoso,&nbsp;Alexia Ellen Felismino da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The market is filled with many smart devices, with smart bulbs being the most popular due to their easy installation and user-friendly features. In 2014, advances in LED technology led to the creation of regulatory standards in Brazil. Even though LED technology is more efficient than older technologies, it has issues with poor power quality. To meet regulatory requirements, manufacturers started producing LED lighting with improved quality. This study aims to analyze the rated power, power factor (PF), and harmonic distortion of smart bulbs in active mode, as well as their energy consumption in standby mode. This study focuses on standby consumption, which is important because there are no regulations in Brazil for this mode. Many consumers mistakenly believe that the device does not use energy or affect power quality while on standby. Smart bulbs were chosen for this study because they are widely used in homes and easily integrated with automation systems. Their popularity comes from advanced features like remote control and brightness adjustment, which raises questions about their impact on energy consumption in different usage scenarios. The evaluation follows conventional usage settings based on the 2014 standard, which excludes bulbs that emit colored light. The results provide important data for future regulations, showing the need to control standby consumption to improve energy efficiency and maintain grid stability. Tests showed that this technology needs stricter regulations to improve power quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical losses combat – Detecting theft spots in low voltage networks considering available data from the free energy market","authors":"Rubens Lucian S. Corrêa,&nbsp;Henrique O. Henriques","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advancement of IoT technologies and their increasing prevalence in households in developed countries—such as smart sockets, circuit breakers, lamps, and similar devices—the Brazilian market is also experiencing a growing normalization of these technologies as more residential consumers adopt them. In this context, considering the challenges of non-technical losses, the emerging free energy market in Brazil, and the widespread adoption of smart devices, this paper aims to conduct a top-down analysis of the distribution system, with a focus on the low-voltage network where instances of energy fraud often occur. The proposed method identifies busbars affected by theft and pinpoints the responsible consumers by utilizing thermal sensors (a principle employed in technical loss meters), power flow analysis, and statistical testing based on available average load curves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of regulated and unregulated emissions of an automotive spark ignition engine with alternative fuels (methanol, ethanol and hydrogen)","authors":"Akshey Marwaha,&nbsp;K.A. Subramanian","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present research study investigates the effect of alternative fuels (Methanol, Ethanol, Hydrogen) on the performance, combustion, and emission (regulated and unregulated) characteristics of an automotive spark ignition engine. The FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectrometer was used to measure instantaneous emissions with a frequency of 5. The regulated (carbon monoxide, acetylene, ethene, propene, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide) and the unregulated (methane, hydrogen cyanide, nitrous oxide) emissions with ethanol, methanol, and hydrogen are compared with base gasoline. The engine was run at a constant speed of 3500 rpm. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was enhanced by 1.2 %, 2.9 %, and 25.9 % with ethanol, methanol, and hydrogen compared to gasoline. The experimental results indicate that the acetylene, propene, methane, and hydrogen cyanide emissions were reduced to zero levels with methanol. Acetylene emissions decreased by 25.3 % and 61.6 % with ethanol and hydrogen compared to base gasoline. The propene emissions were zero with ethanol and methanol. Nitric oxide emissions decreased by 62.4 % and 98.9 % with ethanol and methanol. Hydrogen cyanide emissions decreased by 20 % with hydrogen and to zero with methanol. Nitrogen dioxide emissions decreased by 65.6 % with ethanol. Nitrous oxide emissions decreased by 38.8 %, 75.4 %, and 32.1 % with ethanol, methanol, and hydrogen. Hence, the regulated and unregulated emissions from combustion engines could be controlled and reduced to a minimal level along with enhanced thermal efficiency using alternative fuels such as methanol, ethanol, and hydrogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and implementation of a solar powered kit for measurement and logging of environmental parameters using the SEN55 sensor","authors":"J. Nchi Muhvu ,&nbsp;M.D. Fendji ,&nbsp;C.M. Ekengoue","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air pollution poses significant threats to human health, ecosystems, and biodiversity, exacerbating climate change and reducing life expectancy. This study presents the design and implementation of a 6 W, 5 V solar-powered air quality monitoring system using the SEN55 environmental sensor node. The device measures particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10), humidity, temperature, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), with data logged via an ATmega2560 microcontroller and displayed for real-time visualization. Field tests conducted in urban (Muea) and peri-urban (Awae-Ewangkang) areas in Cameroon revealed significant differences in air quality. Muea showed higher PM and humidity levels, exceeding recommended thresholds, while Awae-Ewangkang demonstrated better air quality but elevated humidity. Investigations highlighted the severe air pollution caused by traditional lighting sources such as kerosene lamps and candles. The device's sensitivity and reliability in identifying pollution hotspots were validated, emphasizing the potential health risks associated with these sources. The study underscores the device's ability to enhance environmental awareness, guide public health initiatives, and promote sustainable alternatives like solar energy systems. This novel system contributes to advancing air quality monitoring, offering a scalable and impactful solution for reducing pollution and safeguarding health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of combustion-induced vibration sources in a diesel engine in the time-frequency domain using the wavelet analysis method and wavelet cross-correlation analysis method","authors":"Natsuki Takahashi,&nbsp;Shun Nakagawa,&nbsp;Masato Mikami","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the characteristics of in-cylinder pressure and vibration acceleration for a single-cylinder diesel engine for different engine speeds using three analysis methods: FFT analysis, wavelet analysis, and wavelet cross-correlation analysis. The cross-correlation coefficients between the in-cylinder pressure and the vibration acceleration of the outer wall near the combustion chamber in the 1/3-octave band were examined to determine whether there was any engine speed dependency and what vibration-transmission characteristics were present. The results from the engine speed dependency suggest that the vibration at 2500 Hz is caused by the piston-connecting rod coupled vibration, which is one of the natural frequencies of the engine, the vibration at 8000 Hz is caused by a combustion chamber resonance, at 6300 Hz a combustion chamber resonance may be linked with a piston natural vibration, and a piston slap may cause the vibration at 5000 Hz. These analysis methods are useful for predicting the source of combustion-induced vibration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation and impedance spectroscopy of carbon-felt and reinforced stainless-steel mesh electrodes in terrestrial microbial fuel cells for biopower generation","authors":"Meshack Imologie Simeon ,&nbsp;Amarachi C. Alaka ,&nbsp;Peter Daniel ,&nbsp;Olalekan David Adeniyi","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Terrestrial Microbial Fuel Cells (TMFCs) offer promising potential for renewable energy by harnessing microbial metabolism to generate electricity from soil-based organic matter. Electrode materials are key to TMFC performance, facilitating electron transfer between microbes and the circuit. However, the effect of electrode impedance on TMFC efficiency is not well understood. This study fills that gap by comparing surface-modified stainless-steel mesh (SMS) and carbon felt (CF) electrodes, focusing on performance metrics and impedance spectroscopy to optimize electrode design for improved power generation from TMFCs. The SMS electrode fabricated using the pasting and reinforcement process demonstrated superior performance with a maximum power of 859 μW compared to the 234 μW power of the CF electrode. This better performance of the SMS electrode was attributed to its pseudocapacitive behavior, enhancing internal charge storage capacity and overall MFC efficiency. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed a substantially higher charge transfer resistance in the CF electrode, resulting in a 190.8 % difference between the two electrodes. Conversely, the SMS electrode exhibited lower resistance and improved diffusion characteristics, facilitating efficient electron transfer and mass transport. These findings underscore the significance of tailored electrode materials in optimizing MFC performance and emphasize the utility of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in elucidating complex electrochemical processes within MFC systems, thus guiding future advancements in sustainable power production in terrestrial MFCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}