Journal of Cartilage & Joint Preservation最新文献

{"title":"Orthobiologic injections for treating degenerative meniscus lesions: a matter of facts? Ten years of clinical experience in a systematic review","authors":"Pietro Conte ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Anzillotti ,&nbsp;Berardo Di Matteo ,&nbsp;Alessandro Gallese ,&nbsp;Umberto Vitale ,&nbsp;Maurilio Marcacci ,&nbsp;Elizaveta Kon","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjp.2023.100104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjp.2023.100104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The treatment of degenerative meniscal lesions usually consists of conservative measures such as physical therapy or knee injections. Recently, the use of orthobiologics, in the form of platelet-rich plasma and cell-based therapies, gained huge popularity in orthopedic practice.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The aim of the present systematic review is to summarize the available evidence concerning the use of orthobiologics in the treatment of degenerative meniscal lesions.</p></div><div><h3>Data sources</h3><p>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and EMBASE was performed using various combinations of the following keywords: meniscus AND (platelet OR BMAC OR bone marrow OR adipose OR stromal vascular fraction OR placental OR cord OR jelly).</p></div><div><h3>Study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions</h3><p>Articles were screened according to the following inclusion criteria: (1) clinical reports or randomized trials that included injections to treat degenerative meniscal lesions; (2) written in the English language; (3) published from 2012 to 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Nine studies were finally included in the present systematic review: 8 for platelet-rich plasma and 1 for micro-fragmented adipose tissue. All the studies reported clinical and functional improvements for degenerative meniscal lesions treated with orthobiologics.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Included studies highlight considerable heterogeneity in methodological approaches. Differences in product choice, outcome measures, and follow-up preclude the ability to generate definitive suggestions for application in the everyday clinical practice.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and implications of key findings</h3><p>The literature suggests that the use of orthobiologics may offer a new effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of degenerative meniscus lesions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cartilage & Joint Preservation","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49883929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of increasing hyaluronic acid content in collagen scaffolds on the maintenance of chondrogenic phenotype in chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells","authors":"Andrew C. Muran ,&nbsp;Benjamin C. Schaffler ,&nbsp;Andrew Wong ,&nbsp;Eric Neufeld ,&nbsp;Pooja Swami ,&nbsp;Mark Pianka ,&nbsp;Daniel Grande","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjp.2023.100099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjp.2023.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>In articular cartilage, hyaluronic acid (HA) has been shown to increase adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation of cartilage cells, and its addition to three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds has been shown to improve chondrocyte phenotype in vitro.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to determine (1) whether increasing the HA levels in collagen scaffolds leads to better maintenance of the chondrogenic phenotype in chondrocytes in a dose-dependent manner and (2) whether collagen scaffolds infused with HA promote the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into chondrocytes within 3D collagen/HA scaffolds.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Bovine chondrocytes and rat MSCs were seeded onto 2% or 6% collagen/HA scaffolds, or no scaffold for controls. Cells were harvested at days 6, 12 and 18. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure expression of Type I and Type II collagen, SOX-9, and aggrecan.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Expression of Type I and II collagen was increased at day 18 in the chondrocytes of both groups. For the MSCs, at day 18 there was increased expression of Type I collagen and increased expression of aggrecan in both the 2 and 6% scaffold groups, plus increased SOX-9 expression in the 2% HA group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Though there was no significant dose-dependent change between the HA groups in their effects on Type II collagen production, both HA scaffold groups showed significantly increased expression of Type II collagen as compared to monolayer controls at 18 days. Future experiments should extend timepoints to elucidate these effects and human chondrocytes and MSCs should be used to determine biological applicability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cartilage & Joint Preservation","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49883933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medial femoral condyle width and osteochondritis dissecans: cause or effect and the implications for osteochondral allograft transplantation","authors":"Mitchell S. Mologne ,&nbsp;CAPT Matthew T. Provencher ,&nbsp;Timothy S. Mologne","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjp.2022.100078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjp.2022.100078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Anecdotally, patients with osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) have larger medial femoral condyles widths (MFCW), making it difficult finding size-matched orthotopic condyles for osteochondral allograft transplantation.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>(1) measure MFCW and tibial plateaus width (TPW) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with OCD of the MFC and (2) compare MFCWs and MFCW/TPW of patients with OCD to age and sex-matched controls.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We identified 111 patients with OCD of the MFC that had MRIs available for review. 115 age-matched patients that had MRIs for conditions that did not include medial compartment pathology served as controls.  MFCW and TPW were measured on MRIs; MFCW/TPW ratio was calculated. Patients were assigned to 4 groups based on age. A student <em>t</em> test statistic was used to compare MFCW and MFCW/TPW between the 4 groups as well as to the age and sex matched controls.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The 111 OCD patients (70 males, mean age: 25.7) had a mean MFCW of 29.3 mm.  The 115 control patients (74 men, mean age: 25.6) had a mean MFCW of 24.8 mm. Men with OCD had wider MFCs compared to women (<em>P</em> &lt; .001). For both the OCD and control populations, there was no statistical significance between MFCW and age. Overall, when controlling for age and sex, OCD patients had larger MFCWs than controls (<em>P</em> &lt; .001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Uniform widening of the MFC in OCD patients lends evidence that a wider MFC might be causal in the development of OCD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cartilage & Joint Preservation","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49885067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techniques to treat challenging meniscus tears","authors":"Charles Qin,&nbsp;David C. Flanigan","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjp.2023.100106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjp.2023.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Meniscus tears are one of the most common knee pathologies encountered. Although meniscus tears were initially treated with meniscectomy, numerous studies have described the effect of meniscectomy on accelerating degenerative changes of the knee. In addition, certain tear patterns that may have been traditionally underrecognized are now the subject of recent investigation on the merits of repair.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We review the existing literature on the biomechanical and clinical outcomes following treatment of radial, horizontal cleavage, and ramp meniscus tears. This article will also highlight meniscus repair strategies for these tear patterns.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>PubMed was searched. All levels of evidence (I-IV) pertaining to meniscus tears were analyzed and presented.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>For radial tears, all-inside techniques are gaining popularity, with 2 emerging strategies: “tie-grip” sutures and transtibial approaches. For horizontal tears, circumferential sutures allow even compression of the superior and inferior leaflets of the tear. Multiple techniques have been described for repair of ramp lesions, which are best recognized with a systematic exploration of the posteromedial aspect of the knee.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Increased awareness of certain meniscus tear types and their effect on knee kinematics and stability has led to investigation and evolution of repair techniques, with an increased emphasis on all-inside repairs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cartilage & Joint Preservation","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49904380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closing wedge distal femoral osteotomy for knee valgus: indications, technique, rehabilitation and outcomes","authors":"Jae-Sung An ,&nbsp;Kristian Kley ,&nbsp;Christophe Jacquet ,&nbsp;Levi Reina Fernandes ,&nbsp;Matthieu Ollivier","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjp.2023.100110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjp.2023.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>In cases of symptomatic knee valgum, in which deformity majorly originated in the femoral distal metaphysis, 2 main types of femoral osteotomy have been described: medial closing or lateral opening. We have been doing medial closing wedges with anterior second plane cut for years. The reason being a proven similar surgical accuracy associated to a higher and faster healing rate promoted by a larger contact area between the 2 sides of the osteotomy site. The aim of this article is to describe up-to-date closing wedge distal femoral osteotomy strategies: from indication, to ideal correction, surgical technique and patient recovery.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Distal femoral varus osteotomy is indicated in painful valgus knee in which deformity originated majorly in the femoral distal metaphysis. The planning is digitally performed according to the Miniaci method using digital software to have a postoperative weight bearing line passing through the knee joint at 45% to 50% measured from the medial tibial plateau border (0%) to the lateral tibial plateau border (100%). The procedure is performed through medial closing wedges created with 2 medial to lateral and 1 posterior to anterior cutting planes creating an anterior biplanar cut.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Using our step-by-step way to perform closing wedge distal femoral osteotomy, we standardized our radiological and clinical outcomes. Knowing some tips and tricks to avoid intraoperative complications will help readers to master this procedure.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Following simple intraoperative landmark and technical guidance bony deformity can be fully corrected by medial closing wedges using an anterior biplanar cut. Patients will demonstrate optimal clinical outcomes including high rate of return to recreational and professional activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cartilage & Joint Preservation","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49904377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of proximal tibial osteotomy in joint preservation","authors":"Martin Husen ,&nbsp;Roel J.H. Custers ,&nbsp;Mario Hevesi ,&nbsp;Aaron J. Krych ,&nbsp;Daniel B.F. Saris","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjp.2023.100109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjp.2023.100109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Tibial osteotomy has a role in various aspects of joint preservation. Proper diagnosis and addressing all aspects of alignment both for focal cartilage lesions to support restorative repair procedures as well as in treatment of earlier phases of knee osteoarthritis in well selected patients. Malalignment of the leg axis is known to result in chronic overloading and thus contributing to the development of focal lesions as well as osteoarthritis.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To provide a comprehensive summary of the current state of utilization of tibial osteotomies in conjunction with other joint preserving procedures and to synthesize the current scientific evidence for the use of osteotomies in the setting of cartilage injuries.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, and Clinical Keys were searched by the first author (M.H.) to validate that all papers of relevance to the area studied were included. Databases were searched comprehensively, and original research, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis were included at the authors’ discretion. References of selected articles were analyzed manually. Data from selected publications focused on tibial osteotomy were summarized.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Leg axis and patellofemoral alignment must be considered as important risk factors for failure of restorative cartilage procedures in the knee joint. Alignment-correcting osteotomies play a crucial role in enhancing clinical results of cartilage repair surgeries especially in the long-term. Through the redistribution of load, the biomechanical environment of the joint is optimized, and the induced or transplanted repair tissue is protected against overloading, facilitating enhanced tissue maturation. Recent evidence suggests that even small deviations from a neutral axis (&lt;5°) should be corrected by osteotomy. Preoperative investigation of potential malalignment would therefore be beneficial in every patient who is considered for cartilage repair and joint preservation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Joint preservation procedures profit from addressing alignment by proximal tibial osteotomy. Unloading osteotomies are of utmost importance to facilitate a joint environment in which these procedures can be carried out successfully, reliably contributing to the long-term durability of cartilage restoration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cartilage & Joint Preservation","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49904378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autologous surface repair: autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis and minced cartilage implantation","authors":"Stefan Schneider ,&nbsp;René Kaiser ,&nbsp;Bente Uterhark ,&nbsp;Johannes Holz ,&nbsp;Robert Ossendorff ,&nbsp;Gian Salzmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjp.2023.100111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjp.2023.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The treatment of cartilage damage remains challenging. There are several procedures described. Microfracturing is considered one of the most established procedures, but long-term results are unsatisfactory, especially for larger defects. Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC), in which bone marrow-stimulated areas are covered with a membrane, has been introduced to address some of the limitations of microfracture with a number of long-term outcomes studies reporting satisfactory results. Minced cartilage implantation (MCI), in which cartilage tissue is minced and inserted into cartilage defects has also been shown to have satisfactory results at 5-year results, although longer-term results are still pending.</p></div><div><h3>Technique</h3><p>Both procedures can be performed arthroscopically. In the AMIC procedure, bone at the base of the chondral lesion is debrided to the subchondral plate and a bone marrow stimulation or microfracture is performed. Arthroscopic fluid is drained and the area covered with a membrane and fixed using fibrin glue or stiches either arthroscopically or using a mini-open approach. In MCI, the defect is also first debrided. Cartilage tissue removed from the affected joint is then cut into small pieces. In the open procedure, this is done with a scalpel; in the arthroscopic procedure, it is done with a shaver. The tissue is then inserted into the defect and fixed using an allogeneic or autologous fibrin glue.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>AMIC and the minced cartilage technique represent a relatively simple, safe and reproducible evolution of cartilage repair techniques. Long-term studies (up to 9 years) support the satisfactory outcomes of the AMIC procedure. Five-year results for the MCI procedure report a decrease in pain and improved function, but long-term results are awaited. Well-designed level 1 studies are now required to evaluate these techniques in the longer term.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cartilage & Joint Preservation","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49880061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteochondral techniques: where are we now?","authors":"Giovanna Medina,&nbsp;Simon Görtz","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjp.2023.100105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjp.2023.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hyaline articular cartilage is a unique, highly specialized tissue with a distinct architecture that lacks intrinsic means to heal effectively when injured in the adult. Symptomatic osteoarticular defects continue to be a formidable challenge for the clinical and scientific communities alike. Of the various surgical treatment options that have been proposed to this end, only osteochondral grafting techniques reliably restore appropriate hyaline tissue in acquired articular cartilage lesions, especially when these involve the subchondral bone. Both autologous and allogeneic graft sources are available to the surgeon, who must consider the unique qualities and characteristics of either approach in the treatment algorithm. Autografts and allografts alike adhere to a common methodology, relying on osseous healing of mature osteochondral constructs to transplant the adherent viable articular cartilage. The required surgical technique is straightforward and reproducible but requires precision to restore articular surface congruity, achieve reliable bony ingrowth, and, ultimately, clinical success. Scientific investigation to further validate empirical clinical practice and to improve implant quality and safety is ongoing and holds great promise for the future of osteochondral grafting in joint preservation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cartilage & Joint Preservation","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49880062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell transplantation techniques for cartilage restoration","authors":"Tristan J. Elias ,&nbsp;Vince Morgan ,&nbsp;Jimmy Chan ,&nbsp;Andreas H. Gomoll ,&nbsp;Adam B. Yanke","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjp.2023.100103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjp.2023.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Focal articular chondral lesions are a common finding among patients presenting with knee pain. If symptomatic and unresponsive to conservative treatment, cell transplantation techniques offer a unique solution to address larger defects by engineering chondrocytes to integrate within the subchondral bone of the lesion and regenerate cartilage.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The purpose of this article is to review the evaluation of, and clinical decision making for, patients being considered for cell transplantation and the available techniques an orthopaedic surgeon has at their disposal.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A review of recent literature regarding cartilage defects in the knee and cell transplantation techniques was performed to provide strategies for evaluating and treating chondral defects with matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) or particulated juvenile allograft cartilage (PJAC) procedures.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Chondral defects in the knee can be treated with patients’ own chondrocytes embedded into a collagen membrane as a MACI procedure, or minced autologous donor cartilage that is then implanted onto a scaffold as a PJAC procedure. These cell transplantation techniques offer advantages compared to bone marrow stimulation or mosaicplasty, and have shown clinically significant improvements in outcome scores with low rates of complications.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Cell transplantation techniques such as MACI and PJAC offer treatment options that can effectively address large full-thickness chondral defects in the tibiofemoral joint or patellofemoral joint that may respond poorly to bone marrow stimulation or mosaicplasty.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cartilage & Joint Preservation","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49880063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meniscal root tears: repair and salvage techniques","authors":"Morgan D. Homan ,&nbsp;Jacob A. Braaten ,&nbsp;Mark T. Banovetz ,&nbsp;Nicholas I. Kennedy ,&nbsp;Robert F. LaPrade","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjp.2022.100098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjp.2022.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent interest has uncovered the importance of understanding meniscal root anatomy, its effect on biomechanics of the knee joint, and appropriate treatment modalities. Meniscal root tears may account for up to one-fifth of all meniscal tears and have downstream consequences that can be as severe as total meniscectomy due to the unique force-dispersing properties of the meniscus. Meniscal biomechanics rely heavily upon the integrity of root attachments, and this historically overlooked etiology of knee pain and early onset osteoarthritis plays a vital role in maintaining the longevity of the knee joint. As meniscal root pathology becomes more commonly known and clinically assessed, an understanding of classifications, repair methods, and indications is important for surgeons.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cartilage & Joint Preservation","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49904381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}