{"title":"Nanoparticle-integrated electrostimulation-responsive biomaterials: Innovations in drug delivery and tissue repair in clinical regenerative medicine","authors":"Peyman Halvaeikhanekahdani, Sajad Zandi, Qadeer Ahmad, Hadiseh Payravand","doi":"10.1002/inmd.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/inmd.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tissue engineering holds immense promise for repairing damaged tissues and organs, yet current approaches often fall short due to poor host integration, limited drug delivery precision, and scalability challenges. Recent developments in electrostimulation-responsive biomaterials incorporating drug or growth factor-loaded nanoparticles offer a novel path forward. However, a comprehensive review integrating these emerging strategies within a unified framework is lacking. This review uniquely synthesizes current advances in electroactive materials such as conductive polymers, hydrogels, and piezoelectric scaffolds, and their dynamic interactions with electrostimulation at the cellular and molecular levels. It highlights how the incorporation of nanoparticles such as iron oxide, silver, and carbon-based enhances localized therapeutic delivery and regenerative outcomes. Unlike existing literature, this work provides a cross-tissue perspective, covering applications in cardiac, bone, cartilage, skin, neural, and cancer tissue regeneration. It also critically analyses fabrication techniques, biocompatibility issues, and design strategies for clinical scalability. By integrating diverse findings, the review identifies key knowledge gaps and emerging trends including smart, responsive scaffolds and interdisciplinary approaches that are shaping the future of regenerative medicine. This comprehensive and forward-looking review serves as a novel resource for researchers and clinicians aiming to translate electrostimulation-responsive platforms into effective next-generation therapeutic solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":100686,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inmd.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanoparticle-integrated electrostimulation-responsive biomaterials: Innovations in drug delivery and tissue repair in clinical regenerative medicine","authors":"Peyman Halvaeikhanekahdani, Sajad Zandi, Qadeer Ahmad, Hadiseh Payravand","doi":"10.1002/inmd.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1002/inmd.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tissue engineering holds immense promise for repairing damaged tissues and organs, yet current approaches often fall short due to poor host integration, limited drug delivery precision, and scalability challenges. Recent developments in electrostimulation-responsive biomaterials incorporating drug or growth factor-loaded nanoparticles offer a novel path forward. However, a comprehensive review integrating these emerging strategies within a unified framework is lacking. This review uniquely synthesizes current advances in electroactive materials such as conductive polymers, hydrogels, and piezoelectric scaffolds, and their dynamic interactions with electrostimulation at the cellular and molecular levels. It highlights how the incorporation of nanoparticles such as iron oxide, silver, and carbon-based enhances localized therapeutic delivery and regenerative outcomes. Unlike existing literature, this work provides a cross-tissue perspective, covering applications in cardiac, bone, cartilage, skin, neural, and cancer tissue regeneration. It also critically analyses fabrication techniques, biocompatibility issues, and design strategies for clinical scalability. By integrating diverse findings, the review identifies key knowledge gaps and emerging trends including smart, responsive scaffolds and interdisciplinary approaches that are shaping the future of regenerative medicine. This comprehensive and forward-looking review serves as a novel resource for researchers and clinicians aiming to translate electrostimulation-responsive platforms into effective next-generation therapeutic solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":100686,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inmd.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Long Ng, Carlos T. B. Paula, Arménio C. Serra, Jorge F. J. Coelho, Paulo Bartolo
{"title":"Vat photopolymerization-based bioprinting: Shaping next-generation tissues with light","authors":"Wei Long Ng, Carlos T. B. Paula, Arménio C. Serra, Jorge F. J. Coelho, Paulo Bartolo","doi":"10.1002/inmd.70078","DOIUrl":"10.1002/inmd.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vat photopolymerization (VP)-based bioprinting is rapidly emerging as a transformative platform for fabricating complex, cell-laden tissue constructs with unparalleled spatial resolution and geometric precision. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances in VP-based bioprinting, organized around core themes of photopolymerization chemistry, printing modalities, bio-ink design, and biomedical applications. We first describe the underlying crosslinking mechanisms including chain-growth, step-growth, redox-mediated, and initiator-free systems that enable spatiotemporal control over polymerization. The discussion then moves to key VP-based bioprinting techniques such as stereolithography apparatus (SLA), digital light processing, two-photon polymerization, and volumetric additive manufacturing, emphasizing their printing principles and suitability for bioprinting applications. A central focus is placed on the rational design of photo-crosslinkable bio-inks, comprising functional monomers, photo-initiators (PIs), and photo-absorbers (PAs). We critically examine design criteria such as cytocompatibility, rheological and optical behavior, mechanical performance, degradation profiles, and scalability, highlighting the complex trade-offs between print fidelity and biological function. The utility of VP-based bioprinting is further illustrated through its application in constructing advanced tissues, including bone, cardiac, cartilage, corneal, and hepatic models. Finally, we explore emerging frontiers such as multi-material and multi-modal bioprinting, machine learning-guided optimization, and regulatory pathways toward clinical translation. Collectively, these insights outline a roadmap for advancing VP-based bioprinting into a clinically viable, high-throughput tissue engineering technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":100686,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inmd.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Long Ng, Carlos T. B. Paula, Arménio C. Serra, Jorge F. J. Coelho, Paulo Bartolo
{"title":"Vat photopolymerization-based bioprinting: Shaping next-generation tissues with light","authors":"Wei Long Ng, Carlos T. B. Paula, Arménio C. Serra, Jorge F. J. Coelho, Paulo Bartolo","doi":"10.1002/inmd.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/inmd.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vat photopolymerization (VP)-based bioprinting is rapidly emerging as a transformative platform for fabricating complex, cell-laden tissue constructs with unparalleled spatial resolution and geometric precision. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances in VP-based bioprinting, organized around core themes of photopolymerization chemistry, printing modalities, bio-ink design, and biomedical applications. We first describe the underlying crosslinking mechanisms including chain-growth, step-growth, redox-mediated, and initiator-free systems that enable spatiotemporal control over polymerization. The discussion then moves to key VP-based bioprinting techniques such as stereolithography apparatus (SLA), digital light processing, two-photon polymerization, and volumetric additive manufacturing, emphasizing their printing principles and suitability for bioprinting applications. A central focus is placed on the rational design of photo-crosslinkable bio-inks, comprising functional monomers, photo-initiators (PIs), and photo-absorbers (PAs). We critically examine design criteria such as cytocompatibility, rheological and optical behavior, mechanical performance, degradation profiles, and scalability, highlighting the complex trade-offs between print fidelity and biological function. The utility of VP-based bioprinting is further illustrated through its application in constructing advanced tissues, including bone, cardiac, cartilage, corneal, and hepatic models. Finally, we explore emerging frontiers such as multi-material and multi-modal bioprinting, machine learning-guided optimization, and regulatory pathways toward clinical translation. Collectively, these insights outline a roadmap for advancing VP-based bioprinting into a clinically viable, high-throughput tissue engineering technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":100686,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inmd.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Progress in the detection of gut microbiota based on microfluidic technology","authors":"Yuan Tan, Jiayue Huang, Yi Liu, Xiaofei Lai","doi":"10.1002/inmd.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1002/inmd.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gut microbiota, a complex microbial community in the human intestine, are vital for digestion, nutrient absorption, and immune regulation, maintaining gut micro-ecological balance. Accurate detection of its composition, structure, and function is crucial for understanding the relationship between health and disease, early disease diagnosis, personalized treatment, and exploring disease mechanisms. Traditional detection methods such as culture and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have limitations. Culture methods, which rely on specific media, struggle with anaerobic and fastidious microbes and thus have long detection times. Conventional PCR is complex, has low throughput, and is prone to contamination, not meeting the need for efficient, accurate, and high-throughput analysis. Microfluidic technology, manipulating small fluid volumes through microscale channels, offers new opportunities with advantages such as simple operation, low reagent consumption, and fast analysis. This review encompasses the microfluidic-based detection methods of gut microbiota in recent years. It expounds on the principles of these methods and analyzes their achievements, advantages, and limitations in practical applications. The aim is to provide multi-dimensional technical references for relevant research, thereby promoting the application of this technology in the research of gut microbiota and the management of gut diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":100686,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inmd.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Albert Yu, Yibo Hou, Kaibin Huang, Xucan Gao, Rong Zeng, Chaowei Zhu, Chunhui Sun, Guocai Wang, Lei Ye, Shaohua Ma, Tian Meng, Bing Guo, Yubo Zhang, Xiaoyong Dai
{"title":"Anti-CD47 antibody-decorated and cisplatin-containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeted chemoimmunotherapy of colorectal cancer in a patient-derived organoids xenograft model","authors":"Albert Yu, Yibo Hou, Kaibin Huang, Xucan Gao, Rong Zeng, Chaowei Zhu, Chunhui Sun, Guocai Wang, Lei Ye, Shaohua Ma, Tian Meng, Bing Guo, Yubo Zhang, Xiaoyong Dai","doi":"10.1002/inmd.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1002/inmd.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For colorectal cancer (CRC), treatment outcomes and prognosis remain poor even when using first-line chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutics. The main reasons include (i) lack of tumor specificity, severe off-target cytotoxicity leading to adverse side effects, and occurrence of chemoresistance, and (ii) the immunosuppressive “cold” tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we demonstrate an example of highly efficient targeted CRC chemoimmunotherapy with cisplatin (CDDP)-containing nanomedicine (CDDP@MSN-Anti-CD47) in a patient-derived organoids xenograft model. The CDDP@MSN-Anti-CD47 is composed of CDDP-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles with superficially functionalized anti-CD47 antibodies to target cluster of differentiation CD47, a transmembrane integrin-associated protein that is over-expressed in CRC cells and can bind with signal regulatory protein α on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to maintain the immunosuppressive TME. Our results demonstrated that CDDP@MSN-Anti-CD47 achieved targeted delivery of CDDP to CRC cells with extended release, and induced reactive oxygen species overproduction to inhibit CRC cells and CRC patient-derived organoids growth via activating caspase-3-related apoptosis and immunogenic cell death. DAMPs released following CDDP@MSN-Anti-CD47 treatment promoted the polarization of TAMs from immunosuppressive M2 to pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and also synergized with the functionalized anti-CD47 antibodies to restore macrophage phagocytic activity against CRC cells. In both CRC cell and patient-derived organoid xenograft models, CDDP@MSN-Anti-CD47 could specifically target the tumor, showing strong anti-tumor effects, prolonged survival rate, and low systemic cytotoxicity. Overall, CDDP@MSN-Anti augments combination chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and can be developed as a novel and promising strategy for the clinical treatment of CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":100686,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inmd.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junjie Fan, Shuai Liu, Dan Luo, Hengjun Zhang, Xianling Dai, Hanqing Xu, Man Shen, Yingchun Huang, Yupeng Long, Ming Chen, Qiaofeng Li, Jing Bao
{"title":"Advances and challenges in point-of-care testing for pathogenic bacteria in battlefield injuries","authors":"Junjie Fan, Shuai Liu, Dan Luo, Hengjun Zhang, Xianling Dai, Hanqing Xu, Man Shen, Yingchun Huang, Yupeng Long, Ming Chen, Qiaofeng Li, Jing Bao","doi":"10.1002/inmd.70071","DOIUrl":"10.1002/inmd.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Infections are a leading contributor to delayed mortality in patients with combat-related trauma. Thus, the real-time, accurate, and rapid detection of invasive pathogens is essential for optimizing wound management and accelerating recovery. Recent innovations in point-of-care testing (POCT) biosensors, which are characterized by enhanced portability and multifunctionality, offer promising solutions for onsite diagnostics without relying on centralized laboratories. These technologies are particularly effective for the minimally invasive monitoring of real-time biophysical or biochemical signals at wound sites. This review explores the species and distribution of bacteria associated with combat-related injuries. Thereafter, we summarize recent advancements in optical and other biosensors (electrochemical, piezoelectric, and thermal) used in bacterial POCT. Key integration strategies are highlighted, including biosensor coupling with microdevices (e.g., microfluidics and microarrays), smart systems (e.g., smartphone readouts and artificial intelligence-based interpretation), and the Internet of Things. We also address the current challenges in biosensor fabrication and outline the expected future directions for biosensing. This review aims to provide a useful reference for the development of POCT biosensors for bacterial detection in combat and trauma care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":100686,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inmd.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}