{"title":"Leveraging Large Language Models for Direct Interaction with SysML v2","authors":"John K. DeHart","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13262","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines the potential integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) with the Systems Modeling Language version 2 (SysML v2), proposing a novel methodology for systems engineering by capitalizing on the enhanced readability and human-friendly syntax of SysML v2. Given the emergent sophistication of LLMs and the coincidental development of SysML v2—-an endeavor that presents a pivot toward naturally articulated model interaction—-we explore the possibilities and implications of such an intersection. Our investigation posits that LLMs can serve not only as an interpretive layer, allowing for the syntactically simplified manipulation of system models, but also as a catalyst for a knowledge-driven design approach.</p><p>We highlight the efficiencies gained by deploying LLMs for SysML v2 interactions, which reduce the dependency on technical expertise traditionally needed for API navigation and model management. Through case studies and analysis, we demonstrate that the conversational engagement with system models facilitated by LLMs can lead to a democratized and accelerated design process. However, this advent is tempered by a critical awareness of potential pitfalls, such as automation bias and overreliance on automated systems—-underscoring the need for continued human oversight and the examination of ethical considerations.</p><p>Emphasizing the chance of SysML v2 being inherently English-based and the parallel maturation of LLMs, this paper suggests that the collaborative utilization of these concurrent advancements may offer an opportune fusion, potentially revolutionizing the way systems are modeled and managed. Future work involves the empirical validation of these approaches and a deeper investigation into interoperability with existing and future systems engineering ecosystems. The ultimate goal is to ensure that this fusion not only complements human expertise but also propels systems engineering into a new era of innovation and holistic design.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"2168-2185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MissionML: A Mission Architecture Modeling Language based on Unified Architecture Framework","authors":"Yilong Yang, Wenxiao Song, Chuangye Chang, Xinghai Gao","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The missions of complex systems, organizations, or groups can be identified through careful requirements and domain analysis. Mission architecture modeling is a crucial step for enterprise modeling and design. However, mission modeling is lacking from the Unified Architecture Framework (UAF), which system engineers must specify and model from sketch. This paper proposes a Mission Architecture Modeling Language (MissionML). This two-layer architecture language generalizes the general common and special knowledge from four typical missions as a core layer and mission layer. The elements of the core layer are obtained through slight extensions of the operational layer elements in UAFML, and the elements of the mission layer are derived from the elements in the core layer. Moreover, MissionML is implemented as a UAF profile, incorporating numerous domain concepts in its syntax and semantics for mission modeling. Finally, we use five public case studies to demonstrate learnability and extensibility from the viewpoint of system engineers.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"479-502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contemporary Systems Engineering for the UN SDGs and NAE Grand Challenges","authors":"Shamsnaz Virani Bhada, Erika Palmer, Cecilia Haskins","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>: Systems engineering programs at US universities have been focusing more on sustainability, but systems approaches to sustainability are found in programs outside of a systems engineering context. Transdisciplinary collaboration has been emphasized to make progress toward the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), requiring new approaches to collaborative understanding on the student and faculty levels in academic environments. This paper provides a qualitative network analysis of systems approaches to sustainability across disciplines using a US university as a case study. The analysis mapped systems approaches at Worchester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) within and outside of WPI's Systems Engineering Program. We specifically focused on thematic areas regarding systems in social science domains pertaining to the SDGs, which need to be brought into a systems engineering context. This paper aims to identify potential areas of collaboration to accelerate progress toward the SDGs using systems approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"151-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of Model-Based Systems Engineering Within the Automotive Industry —- a Current State","authors":"Daniel Brenk, Sebastian Seiffert, Artur Rauh","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13265","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) has been utilized within the automotive industry for several years. Increasing complexity due to highly automated, connected vehicles demands methods of coping with this complexity. In most cases, currently, only specific partial aspects or single methods of MBSE are used, which even varies across different companies. This paper aims to examine the current implementation of MBSE based on samples collected from companies acting within the automotive industry. Various aspects are explored, including the scope of application throughout the product life cycle, the use of simulation methods and the collaboration with other disciplines within product development. In the end, an evaluation discusses the reasons for the current state, and recommendations are given.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"2217-2224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susanna Solanti-Iltanen, Brendan Hall, Petri Solanti
{"title":"Model-Based Cybertronics Systems Engineering (MBCSE)","authors":"Susanna Solanti-Iltanen, Brendan Hall, Petri Solanti","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13223","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cybertronics challenges evolve around the complexity of systems and increase in detail and data involved. Existing methods and tools can master some of the rising challenges, but a method being able to handle the challenges was not introduced yet. MBSE is a potential approach to solve these problems, but the available methods were developed for modeling physical systems and software, not cybertronics. Because of the diversity of implementation domains participating in cybertronics systems, the modeling methodology must support the holistic management of requirements, properties, and design data. This paper introduces some promising emerging technologies like Arcadia, SysML V2, SysMD and PMM, that have the potential to interact with other methods and tools, closing the gaps in requirements tracing, system modeling, documentation, and verification. One potential methodology is introduced through a design example from requirements to implementation interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"1521-1538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Systems Thinking Provides the Foundation for A W-Shaped Model of an Effective Technical Leader","authors":"Michael Wozniak","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Technical Leadership</i> is a relatively new subject that has not been adequately addressed in literature. Behaviors and skills of effective <i>technical individuals</i> and <i>leaders</i> are defined and cited often, including various shape models of individuals. However, a Systems Thinking approach for combining these two mindsets has not been documented. This paper's goal is to provide a background on effective technical and leadership behaviors and skills, relate them to the various shape-based models of individuals, and ultimately present a novel W-shaped model describing an effective Technical Leader whose foundation is a Systems Thinking mindset.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"1274-1287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of the System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) technique to enabling systems in the rail industry","authors":"John Slowey","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13174","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Investigations into several recent railway safety incidents have concluded that failures of enabling systems contributed significantly to the root cause of those incidents, suggesting a tendency towards poor management of safety risk associated with subsystems outside the immediate System of Interest (SoI) boundary. This paper examines whether better application of systems thinking to the analysis of hazards, through use of the System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) technique, could have enabled safety risk to be better identified and managed in the circumstances surrounding a serious derailment that occurred in Victoria, Australia in February 2020.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"741-748"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conceptual Modeling for Early-Phase Decision-Making in the Maritime Industry: A Case Study of Power Generation System Concept Selection","authors":"Magnus Sjøholt Grønningsæter, Siv Engen","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13134","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the use of conceptual modeling to aid in selecting a power generation system concept in the maritime industry. The research objective is to understand how conceptual modeling can enhance decision-making during the early phases of concept evaluation. The study was conducted at a world-leading maritime technology company to address the need for more formal processes to support decision-making in complex development projects. The study applied a conceptual modeling approach in an industry case to facilitate decision-making in the early phases of a development project. The study shows that conceptual modeling is effective in supporting early-phase decision-making in the development project. Conceptual models effectively manage complexity, enhance understanding, and enable effective communication among team members. By combining conceptual modeling with a Pugh matrix, informed decision-making is facilitated, aligning with stakeholders' objectives. Overall, conceptual modeling provides a structured representation of the problem domain, guiding early-phase decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"90-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Truly Modular and Open System Design is Difficult","authors":"David Hetherington","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13269","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the United States, major defense acquisition programs must implement a modular open systems approach (MOSA) as required by U.S. law. (Defense Standardization Program, 2016). Some in the defense community have focused on MOSA as a checklist compliance activity. However, designing economically and operationally competitive system platforms that are truly modular is extremely challenging. Many such modular system platform efforts fail to meet early expectations for convenience, cost, and community uptake. Open standards are challenging as well. If a highly successful, stable, well-documented, appropriate open standard is available for an interface, then leveraging such a standard can be fairly straightforward. However, often there is no obvious or adequate open standard available and the system platform owners have to organize a community to bring such a standard into existence.</p><p>This paper will review three concrete examples of such MOSA efforts. The three cases cover both commercial and defense applications as well as covering both hardware and software. The two systems that focused on hardware modularity did eventually go into production but did not completely fulfill early expectations for their programs. The software system used an out-of-the-box approach and achieved a best-in-class result in terms of economic effectiveness, time to market, and stakeholder satisfaction. This paper will discuss underlying challenges that seem to be common to all such efforts, review the results of the three cases, and offer some simple guidelines for increasing the probability of success for such a program.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"2270-2286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extending SysML Model Federation to Support Systems of Systems Multilevel Security Development","authors":"Chris Swickline PhD","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Practitioners of modern systems engineering within the defense industry and intelligence community often find themselves being pulled in diametrically opposed directions. On the one hand, systems engineering is quickly evolving into a digital practice, strategically connecting heterogeneous sets of models to form digital threads and digital twins capable of providing insights more valuable than the sum of their parts. On the other hand, the inherent nature of working within the national security space necessitates information be held a multiple levels of classification, safeguarded from release, and compartmentalized. This paper focuses on Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) development to introduce methods and tools to aid in overcoming these challenges. The work presented here builds on previously published works in SysML Model Federation for Systems of Systems (SoS) Architecting, the experience of applying this methodology on real world programs. Furthermore, it leverages freely available MBSE tools, processes, and methods in the construction of System Architecture Models (SAMs). This paper culminates in a call to action for additional published research and development to address residual challenges and gaps with respect to executing MBSE for Multilevel Security (MLS) development.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"408-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}