INCOSE International Symposium最新文献

{"title":"A Proposal for Making an Information Model for an Acquisition Organization","authors":"Simen Lunke,&nbsp;Satyanarayana Kokkula","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Norwegian Defence Materiel Agency (NDMA) acquires military systems for use in the Norwegian Armed Forces (NAF). Acquisitions are organized as projects, and at any given time, more than 200 projects of varying complexity are running. Projects last for several years, and a lot of information is created and shared between NDMA, NAF, and the suppliers during the project phases. In this research we propose an information model by collecting information elements from existing processes and presenting them in a coherent model. The information model is described in three different ways using systemigram, logical model, and physical model. We validated the proposed model in an internal training session for NDMA employees, where we found that the systemigram was a suitable tool for training new project members. The main benefit of the information model is to shorten the project time, as demonstrated by an estimated time saving up to 19% using the Constructive Systems Engineering Cost Model. Further validation of the proposed information model on a complete project is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"1192-1208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WHAT WOULD I SEE IN COURT? A SURVEY ANALYSIS OF WHO AMERICANS WOULD BLAME FOR SELF-DRIVING VEHICLE CRASHES AND TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS","authors":"Eric Stewart CSEP,&nbsp;Erika E Gallegos","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Self-Driving Vehicles (SDVs) are rapidly transitioning to viable commercial products, bringing with them the promise of safer roads, less traffic congestion, and greater transportation efficiency. Automotive companies are pursuing the development of SDVs, and several prototypes and pilot programs have been initiated to evaluate the safety, reliability, and acceptability of SDVs. Some of these pilot program vehicles have been involved in traffic crashes involving injuries and property damage, while others have committed moving violations. These incidents have exposed manufacturers to legal culpability, requiring manufacturers to understand how potential jurors may assign blame for these collisions and moving violations. This paper looks at how individual risk tolerance, SDV comfort level, and SDV familiarity impacts assignment of blame for SDV failures, and how manufacturer advertising campaigns can influence these blame assignments.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"736-759"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a greater understanding of Systems Design and Interoperability between Airbus Commercial and its Suppliers","authors":"Maxime Varoqui","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As Systems Engineering is now widely developed within our organization, the introduction of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) methods and tools is still a gradual process that Airbus approaches incrementally. In that view, the knowledge and training on the usage of systems modeling tools is still being developed. This paper takes a look into the ways Airbus plans to make MBSE usable and understandable both internally to its engineers and externally to its suppliers. This work presents how Airbus managed a collaboration use case with a supplier from the delivery of a new model-based specification to the supplier, to the interpretation of a joint modeling effort through a User Interface. This new process has been tested on a passenger seats system and at the time of writing, maturity is still in progress. This paper introduces the different technical concepts necessary to set up such a collaborative model-based environment, the difficulties encountered along the way as well as future research segments and ways to improve the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"1183-1191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stakeholders Harmonization of Hydrogen Supply Business: An UAF Approach to System Dynamics in Enterprise Architecture and Product Service Systems","authors":"Takuro KOIZUMI,&nbsp;Hiroyuki MORINO,&nbsp;Tatsunori HARA,&nbsp;Kazuhiro AOYAMA","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper focuses on the hydrogen supply business and presents a stakeholder harmonization initiative approach to evaluate this sector, utilizing the Unified Architecture Framework (UAF), system dynamics, and Product-Service Systems (PSS). The analysis highlights how Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) Group can contribute to the transition from fossil fuels to hydrogen energy through the development of high-pressure liquid hydrogen pumps.</p><p>The study identifies strategic business issues and enterprise architecture essential for the medium to long-term progress of the hydrogen supply business. By utilizing UAF, two types of enterprise architecture (EA) patterns are described.</p><p>A key finding is the identification of a new service-centered business candidate, which involves expanding the testing platform currently utilized by equipment manufacturers. Enhancing this platform to verify the entire hydrogen station (ST) system's operation enables the rapid provision of services that integrate the workflow from equipment development, system development, and system implementation.</p><p>Additionally, a numerical evaluation of the EA was conducted using simple calculations based on formulated equations, rather than a system dynamics simulation method. This evaluation shows how different resource patterns affect the goals of the hydrogen supply business. The results indicate that while profitability is similar and depends on subsidies, one resource pattern, which includes the MHI liquidtype hydrogen pump, could significantly improve the break-even point when demand increases tenfold and hydrogen prices drop to one-third. This analysis offers valuable insights for stakeholders to reach consensus on an architecture that meets future needs in the hydrogen supply business.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"870-894"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden Beliefs in Verification Decisions: An Experimental Study with Practitioners","authors":"Joanna Joseph,&nbsp;Alejandro Salado","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>System verification is used to check that the system has been built in accordance with its requirements. In executing a verification strategy, each verification activity produces certain information artifacts that are then used as evidence in the assessment of the compliance of the system against its requirements. The process of reasoning through verification artifacts is cognitive and subjective, as the engineer combines their knowledge and expertise along with the information available in the evidence collected through verification activities. Through an experimental study with practitioners, this paper shows that engineers use some of this knowledge implicitly in their verification assessment and do not explicitly express it when formally articulating the justification to declare the compliance of a system.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"554-572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model-Based System Verification Applied to Spanish Navy's S80 Class Submarine Sustainment Case Study","authors":"Jose Torres Garcia,&nbsp;Shashank Alai,&nbsp;David Fernandez Gonzalez,&nbsp;Benedetta Iezzi,&nbsp;Miguel Eduardo Orozco Castano,&nbsp;Isabel Ainhoa Nieto Sevilla","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The emergence of model-based methods in systems engineering has been at the forefront of the discourse in complex system development in recent years. While MBSE is broadly seen as a model-centric approach to systems engineering, its implementation across industries has varied in terms of model usability and the extent of the SE processes covered by employing these models to use. Generally, MBSE methodologies promote using models to capture and allocate requirements, describe system's functional and structural definition, associated parametric constraints and in some cases, enable localized simulation capabilities. While such approaches have proven beneficial, MBSE still faces significant scalability challenges across the system development lifecycle, especially in the naval and maritime industries. This study explores a model-based system verification approach centered on developing multidomain system models that capture safety-critical functional behavior required to deliver mission capabilities while using those as orchestrators of functional failure assessment across multiple stakeholders through a cross-domain lifecycle collaboration platform. Using multiphysics control models, functional failures are analyzed, and results are captured in a configurable verification dataset that can be shared across the enterprise stakeholders. In a submarine program, the approach offers significant benefits such as granular model development, model-based communication across stakeholders, early detection of functional flaws and agility in complex system development programs to name a few.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"714-735"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Study: Application of STPA in the development of a Fuel-Cell Propulsion System","authors":"Edem Tsei,&nbsp;Jean Fernando Bertao Machado,&nbsp;Shaarujan Prabakaran,&nbsp;Daniel Wilding","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To mitigate the impact of climate change caused by aviation, several states have committed to achieving the Net Zero 2050 goal for flight operations. Meeting this ambitious target requires the aviation industry to significantly reduce its emissions output, driving the development of zero-emission technologies such as electric or hydrogen propulsion systems. Project Fresson aims to demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing Hydrogen Fuel Cell technology to generate the electrical power necessary to drive an electric engine retrofitted onto a Britten-Norman BN-2B Islander aircraft.</p><p>While these technologies hold great promise for decarbonizing aviation, they also introduce new challenges. The integration of hydrogen propulsion systems comes with increased complexity, as these systems involve multiple interconnected subsystems, each with their own behaviours and dynamics. This complexity amplifies the potential for emergent risks, particularly in critical operational scenarios. Addressing these challenges is essential to ensuring safe and effective deployment of novel technologies.</p><p>This paper presents a case study on the application of System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) as a powerful methodology to address inherent challenges that arise when developing systems. By systematically identifying safety constraints and uncovering potential hazards, STPA enables the early detection of risks and emergent behaviours that may not be apparent through traditional safety processes. Unlike traditional approaches, STPA considers the system's concept of operations, and how interactions within as well as beyond its boundaries, may lead to unsafe conditions. The aim is to demonstrate how STPA enables early identification and implementation of mitigations against undesirable emergent behaviours. By doing so, it enables the definition of a comprehensive set of functional safety requirements that ensures the safe and efficient integration of hydrogen propulsion technologies, ultimately advancing their viability as a solution for sustainable aviation.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"1068-1082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Framework for Structuring Research Campaigns leveraging Model Based Systems Engineering","authors":"Photi Karagiannis,&nbsp;Tommie Liddy,&nbsp;Matthew Wylie","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This manuscript presents a novel application of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) to define and execute a campaign of research aimed at addressing an ambitious system design end state. Unlike traditional approaches that begin with fixed requirements, the methodology adopts an evolutionary approach to investigate the “art of the possible.” Starting with a high-level description of the end state, a series of derived research questions are defined that must be sequentially answered to achieve the final goal. These questions serve as the foundation for defining research activities, each articulated to address one or more questions while incrementally advancing understanding of the solution space. Leveraging MBSE ensures traceability between research questions, research activities, and evolving system architectures, as part of a robust framework for managing complexity.</p><p>Each research activity is conducted using a specific prototype system. The architecture of that system is developed to address the scope of the research questions being asked. Initial research activities focus on simpler questions and employ straightforward architectures, establishing baseline knowledge and proof-of-concept capabilities. Subsequent research activities build on these foundations, progressively increasing in complexity as they address more challenging research questions. This incremental, evolutionary approach enables the systematic refinement of design concepts and technologies, while reducing risk and uncertainty as system design progresses towards the desired end state.</p><p>The methodology departs from traditional verification and validation (V&amp;V) practices by focusing on exploratory research rather than verifying predetermined requirements. Instead, the aim is to probe the feasibility and potential of emerging ideas and technologies. A case study demonstrates the effectiveness of this framework, highlighting how an applied MBSE approach can guide complex research campaigns with clarity and precision. The results emphasise the value of this approach in system development for ambitious use cases that may otherwise be unattainable.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"1818-1828"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Legacy Documentation to SysML Conversion","authors":"Trent Johnson,&nbsp;Andrew Williams","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The digital transformation of systems engineering requires converting legacy documentation into standardized models, but manual conversion remains time-intensive and error-prone. The recent development of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers an exciting but unexplored solution. This paper conducts a mathematical analysis to show that LLMs can scale in a trivially parallelizable manner with O(n^2) time and cost complexity, proving that in general, LLM-based approaches can theoretically scale up to large systems. Then, the paper introduces a novel automated end to end pipeline that transforms unstructured documentation into SysML Block Definition Diagrams using LLMs, a Groovy script to import the diagrams into Cameo 2022x, and graph theory-based invariants to improve the output. The system employs proposition-based retrieval-augmented generation with smart transitive reduction for relationship refinement, achieving F1 scores of 0.95 for element identification and 0.85 for relationship extraction on test documents. This work represents a significant step toward automating the transition from document-based to model-based systems engineering, potentially reducing the time and effort required for digital transformation of systems engineering processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"1544-1563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey on MBSE Adoption Challenges in the INCOSE Asia and Oceania Sector","authors":"Mohammad Chami,&nbsp;Marco Forlingieri,&nbsp;Habibi Husain Arifin,&nbsp;Quoc Do","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This survey work investigates challenges practitioners and organizations face in the adoption of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) in the Asia-Oceania sector, aiming to determine whether these challenges differ in nature or significance compared to those in the Americas and EMEA regions. The work highlights the critical role of cultural dimensions and geographical factors, aspects that have been underexplored in prior studies. Drawing on survey data and existing frameworks, this work seeks to enhance understanding of regional differences and contribute to more effective, context-sensitive MBSE adoption strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"1418-1431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}