iLABMED最新文献

{"title":"Precision Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Its Drug Resistance","authors":"Bin Tang,&nbsp;Pu Li,&nbsp;Xuhu Mao","doi":"10.1002/ila2.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.73","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, a gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium, is implicated in a broad spectrum of upper gastrointestinal disorders, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and even certain extragastric diseases. Its ability to colonize and persist within the host is driven by a complex arsenal of colonization and virulence factors, underscoring the intricate dynamics of host–pathogen interactions. The clinical management of <i>H. pylori</i> remains challenging, primarily due to the absence of commercially available vaccines and the increasing prevalence of multidrug resistance. Accurate and reliable detection methods are therefore critical for preventing infections, identifying antibiotic resistance, and assessing treatment efficacy. Currently, both invasive and non-invasive diagnostic approaches are employed, each with unique strengths and limitations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of <i>H. pylori</i> pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic interventions, highlighting the latest advancements in diagnostic and treatment technologies. By critically evaluating existing methods and exploring innovative approaches, this review aims to support future progress in the effective management of this globally prevalent pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"3 1","pages":"106-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.73","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Performances of the Accunome DXcellence and Cepheid GeneXpert Assays in Detecting Influenza A and B Viruses and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Nasopharyngeal Swab","authors":"Hui Hu,&nbsp;Qiankun Xuan,&nbsp;Tong Yu,&nbsp;Dongjiang Wang,&nbsp;Jian Guo,&nbsp;Wenjuan Wu","doi":"10.1002/ila2.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.74","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Respiratory viruses, such as influenza A and B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), pose a severe threat to public health. The precise identification and distinction of these viruses are crucial in clinical laboratories. Here, we comparatively evaluated the performance of the Accunome DXcellence assay and the Cepheid GeneXpert assay in the detection of influenza A and B and RSV in nasopharyngeal swab specimens.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four hundred archived nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected for routine clinical analysis were tested in parallel with the Accunome DXcellence assay and Cepheid GeneXpert assay. RNA standards were serially diluted and tested with the Accunome DXcellence assay to calculate the limit of detection (LOD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The positive and negative percentage agreement between the Accunome DXcellence assay and the Cepheid GeneXpert assay was as follows: 94.9% (74/78) and 100% (321/321), respectively, for influenza A; 98.1% (104/106) and 100% (293/293), respectively, for influenza B; and 100% (22/22) and 100% (377/377), respectively, for RSV. The LODs of the Accunome DXcellence assay for influenza A and B and RSV were 100, 87.5, and 62.5 copies/mL, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The performance of the Accunome DXcellence assay was similar to that of the Cepheid GeneXpert assay in the detection of influenza A, B, and RSV in nasopharyngeal swab specimens, indicating that the Accunome DXcellence assay is a useful diagnostic tool when these viruses are cocirculating.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"3 1","pages":"14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.74","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Recovery From Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State in Two Patients With Severe Hyperglycemia","authors":"Yuexin Yang,&nbsp;Tianhui Sun,&nbsp;Bangning Cheng,&nbsp;Hailan Wu,&nbsp;Zhiwei Chen,&nbsp;Yan Sun,&nbsp;David W. Chan,&nbsp;Xiaorong Zhan,&nbsp;Juan Du","doi":"10.1002/ila2.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.69","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are acute, life-threatening complications of diabetes. The overlap of these conditions, termed hyperosmolar diabetic ketoacidosis (H-DKA), is associated with substantial morbidity due to its complex pathophysiology and high complication rates. Notably, cases of H-DKA with glucose levels exceeding 50 mmol/L are rarely reported in the literature. This study details the clinical course of two H-DKA patients who exhibited extreme hyperglycemia at presentation, despite having no prior diagnosis of diabetes. Both patients underwent aggressive fluid resuscitation and insulin therapy, alongside careful management of acute complications. Vital signs and laboratory parameters demonstrated substantial normalization within 3 days of treatment initiation, and no acute or long-term complications related to the therapeutic interventions were observed. These cases underscore the efficacy of timely and intensive therapeutic interventions in mitigating the risks associated with extreme hyperglycemia in H-DKA and highlight critical strategies for optimal patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"3 1","pages":"90-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.69","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential of Blood KIM-1 as a Biomarker in Early Diagnosis of Diabetic Kidney Disease","authors":"Ningjie Gong,&nbsp;Qian Wang,&nbsp;Zhaoqing Cong,&nbsp;Lezhi Xu,&nbsp;Wenqian Yang,&nbsp;Yang Du","doi":"10.1002/ila2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.71","url":null,"abstract":"<p>KIM-1 can be upregulated by kidney injury, detectable in the blood during early DKD stages in diabetic patients, including those without albuminuria. Therefore, KIM-1 holds value for early diagnostic strategies.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"3 1","pages":"29-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.71","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Challenges of Pathogen Molecular Point-Of-Care Testing Systems Based on Microfluidic Technology","authors":"Shanshan Ren,&nbsp;Donglai Liu,&nbsp;Sihong Xu","doi":"10.1002/ila2.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.70","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Molecular point-of-care testing (POCT) is characterized by high sensitivity, low reagent demand, fast mixing speed, rapid turnaround time, and ease of use, making it appealing for diagnosing infectious diseases. Currently, most commercial molecular POCT systems are based on microfluidic platforms integrating complex fluid manipulation systems, such as sample processing, separation, reaction, and detection, with functional modules on a chip of just a few square centimeters to achieve rapid target detection. This review summarizes the latest advances in molecular POCT systems based on microfluidic platforms for diagnosing infectious diseases from academic and industrial perspectives. First, we cover microfluidic chips, the core component of molecular POCT systems, including materials, preparation processes, fluid drivers, and control units. Then, we describe key techniques implemented in molecular POCT systems for diagnosing infectious diseases, namely nucleic acid detection and reagent storage. Finally, we discuss clinical applications and development directions and highlight challenges in the quality control of molecular POCT systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"3 1","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.70","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Extraction Protocols for Point-Of-Need Molecular Diagnostics","authors":"Rea Maja Kobialka,&nbsp;Arianna Ceruti,&nbsp;Uwe Truyen,&nbsp;Ahmed Abd El Wahed","doi":"10.1002/ila2.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.72","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the rapidly evolving field of molecular diagnostics, identifying a suitable extraction method is crucial in determining the applicability of the point-of-need device. Extraction, which serves as the initial and important step in the diagnostic process, plays a vital role in the accuracy, reliability, and speed of detecting pathogens. Extraction methods range from traditional approaches like organic extraction to modern advancements such as magnetic bead-based separation, each offering unique advantages and limitations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explored the comparative effectiveness of 10 commercially available protocols (denoted as I–X), focusing on their practicality and efficiency in point-of-need scenarios. By considering criteria such as ease of use, turnaround time, and robustness in handling different sample matrices, we aimed to highlight the critical factors that influence the selection of an appropriate extraction method for immediate and reliable diagnostic outcomes in diverse settings. The effectiveness of each protocol was evaluated by comparing the time threshold and fluorescence signal using isothermal amplification (namely reverse transcription-recombinase-aided amplification). For comparison, samples were also extracted with Qiagen spin column extraction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The performance of each protocol in extracting feline Coronavirus (FCoV) RNA differed depending on the sample type, such as nasal swab, serum, and feces. Overall, protocol VIII proved to be flexible and reliable for point-of-need diagnostics owing to its consistent extraction efficiency across different sample types and its excellent sensitivity (2 × 10¹ RNA copies/μL from supernatant and nasal swab and 2 × 10² RNA copies/μL from serum).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study emphasizes the significance of considering the specific sample type and diagnostic goal in selecting the right extraction protocol.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"3 1","pages":"7-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.72","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early prognosis biomarkers of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome","authors":"Mingrong Ou,&nbsp;Aofan Wang,&nbsp;Jie Yu,&nbsp;Liwei Zhao,&nbsp;Chuang Li,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Wu,&nbsp;Yuxin Chen","doi":"10.1002/ila2.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.68","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease that results from SFTS bunyavirus (SFTSV) infection. Infection with SFTSV can activate the immune system, producing a series of inflammatory factors. Some patients, particularly those with pre-existing conditions or at an advanced age, may experience an excessive inflammatory response, triggering systemic multi-organ failure progressing to severe disease and, potentially, death. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the mechanism of SFTSV infection and its interaction with host immune responses. Additionally, a range of biomarkers with significant prognostic value for SFTS have been identified. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest advancements in understanding the interplay between SFTSV and host immune responses, and elucidates the role of these biomarkers in the early detection of severe cases and fatal outcomes. The insights presented aim to inform strategies for early intervention, clinical treatment, and prognostic assessment of patients with SFTS.</p>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"2 4","pages":"341-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.68","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","authors":"Jie Feng,&nbsp;Kun Wang,&nbsp;Yanhong Gao","doi":"10.1002/ila2.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.67","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Few studies have explored the association between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, most of these studies have investigated only European patient populations and have come to contradictory conclusions. Furthermore, few studies have been conducted on Chinese patient groups. This study aimed to explore the association between serum Lp-PLA2 activity and SLE in a Chinese patient group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum Lp-PLA2 activity was detected in 154 SLE patients and 55 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls. Information concerning the anthropometric data, clinical manifestations, SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K), complement C3 (C3), and complement C4 (C4) erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and autoantibodies were evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The average level of serum Lp-PLA2 activity was 221 ± 56 U/L in SLE patients compared with 160 ± 37 U/L in healthy controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). SLE patients that presented with nephritis, anemia, and fibrinolytic abnormality had higher serum Lp-PLA2 activity than SLE patients who did not present with these symptoms (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and the levels of serum Lp-PLA2 activity correlated with the severity of the clinical manifestations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). There was no correlation between serum Lp-PLA2 activity and serum autoantibodies levels (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). According to Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, ESR, SLEDAI-2K, C3, and C4 significantly correlated with serum Lp-PLA2 activity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). According to binary logistic regression, Lp-PLA2 activity was independently associated with active SLE in patients (OR 1.049; 95% CI: 1.025–1.073, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum Lp-PLA2 activity is associated with some clinical manifestations (nephritis, anemia, and fibrinolytic abnormality) in SLE patients, and its activity may contribute to the development of SLE disease. These findings provide new insight into the pathogenesis of SLE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"2 4","pages":"277-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.67","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Zushima patch combined with celecoxib on pain and inflammatory factor expression in knee osteoarthritis with cold-dampness obstruction","authors":"Yumin Yang,&nbsp;Lijun Sun,&nbsp;Zhao Peng,&nbsp;Xiumin Li,&nbsp;Yan Chen","doi":"10.1002/ila2.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.66","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that frequently occurs in middle-aged and older individuals. Although celecoxib is a commonly used drug for the treatment of KOA, its efficacy and safety have limitations. Zushima, a traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used for treating joint pain and has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. This study aims to explore the effect of the Zushima patch combined with celecoxib on pain and inflammatory factor expression in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients with cold-dampness obstruction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 100 patients with KOA of cold-dampness obstruction were randomly divided into a treatment group (<i>n</i> = 50) and a control group (<i>n</i> = 50). Patients in the control group received oral administration of celecoxib capsules, whereas the treatment group received the Zushima patch combined with oral administration of celecoxib capsules. Then, the efficacy and safety were compared, together with the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score, pain, and knee joint function. We also determined the concentrations of osteoprotegerin (OPG), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), osteocalcin (OC), and inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Finally, the safety between the two groups was compared.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The total effective rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group. After treatment, the levels of the TCM syndrome score, pain score, IL-1, IL-6, and CRP in the treatment group showed significant decreases compared with those in the control group, while the scores of OPG, IGF-1, OC, and knee joint function in the treatment group showed significant increases compared with those in the control group. There was no significant difference in adverse events between the two groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Zushima patch combined with celecoxib could relieve the pain of KOA with cold-dampness obstruction and improve knee joint function. These effects may be the result of the downregulation of inflammatory factors and the regulation of joint fluid-related indices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"2 4","pages":"286-293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.66","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning model based on SERPING1, C1QB, and C1QC: A novel diagnostic approach for latent tuberculosis infection","authors":"Linsheng Li,&nbsp;Li Zhuang,&nbsp;Ling Yang,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Ye,&nbsp;Ruizi Ni,&nbsp;Yajing An,&nbsp;Weiguo Zhao,&nbsp;Wenping Gong","doi":"10.1002/ila2.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.65","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a significant source of active tuberculosis (ATB), yet distinguishing between them is challenging because specific biomarkers are lacking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed four microarray datasets (GSE19491, GSE37250, GSE54992, GSE28623) from the gene expression omnibus to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Using protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and LASSO-SVM algorithms, we selected three candidate biomarkers and evaluated their diagnostic efficacy. The expression levels of core genes were validated by RNA sequencing of healthy, ATB, and LTBI groups in a real-world cohort. We conducted Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, predicted shared upstream miRNAs, constructed miRNA–hub and transcription factor (TF)–hub gene networks, and performed immune infiltration analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three hub genes (<i>SERPING1</i>, <i>C1QC</i>, <i>C1QB</i>) were identified from 45 DEGs by PPI networks and machine learning screening. The diagnostic model based on the three hub genes had an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.843 in the training set GSE19491 and 0.865 in the validation set GSE28623. Real-world transcriptome sequencing confirmed the expression trends of the hub genes across healthy, LTBI, and ATB groups. GO analysis showed that the 45 hub genes were primarily associated with immune inflammatory responses and pattern recognition receptors, whereas KEGG analysis indicated enrichment in complement and coagulation cascades. The miRNA–hub and TF–hub gene network analysis identified nine miRNAs and the zinc finger TF GATA2 as potential co-regulators of <i>SERPING1</i>, <i>C1QC</i>, and <i>C1QB</i>. Immune cell infiltration analysis identified significant differences in the immune microenvironment between LTBI and ATB, with macrophages and natural killer cells showing significant correlations with tuberculosis infection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The diagnostic model with <i>SERPING1</i>, <i>C1QC</i>, and <i>C1QB</i> shows promise in distinguishing LTBI from ATB, indicating its potential as a diagnostic tool.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"2 4","pages":"248-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.65","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}