iLABMED最新文献

{"title":"Investigating Torsin-1A-interacting protein 1 as a predictive and immunological biomarker in cancer","authors":"Gurleen Kaur,&nbsp;Gurparsad Singh Suri,&nbsp;Dheeraj Shinde","doi":"10.1002/ila2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.25","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer poses a significant global challenge, and with the projected rise in cancer incidence, there is an urgent need to discover new targets and treatments to improve patient outcomes. Recent advancements in genomics technologies have enhanced our understanding of cancer's complexities and led to the emergence of pan-cancer analysis as a valuable approach for identifying tumor targets. Torsin-1A-interacting protein 1 (<i>TOR1AIP1</i>) is a membrane protein involved in various cellular processes. Emerging evidence suggests its potential involvement in cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of multiple databases to explore <i>TOR1AIP1</i> expression across different cancer types and stages. We also investigated its correlation with clinical outcomes, such as survival rates and drug sensitivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of our analysis showed significant deregulation of <i>TOR1AIP1</i> expression in multiple cancer types and its association with clinical outcomes, with a particular emphasis on kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. The results of our study highlight the potential predictive value of <i>TOR1AIP1</i> in cancer prognosis and therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study establishes a solid foundation and rationale for future experimental investigations, which will contribute to a deeper understanding of the significance of <i>TOR1AIP1</i> in different cancer types, specifically in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.25","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139042178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant histological changes are not rare in indeterminate-phase chronic hepatitis B patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative and normal alanine aminotransferase levels","authors":"Deliang Huang,&nbsp;Guangde Zhou,&nbsp;Jinghan Peng,&nbsp;Qinxian Cai,&nbsp;Guojun Li,&nbsp;Hong Yu,&nbsp;Zhibing Zhu,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Chen,&nbsp;Huiyi Lai,&nbsp;Jinyan Jiang,&nbsp;Hong Yu,&nbsp;Jun Chen","doi":"10.1002/ila2.24","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ila2.24","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background &amp; Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The degree of liver injury in indeterminate chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection patients with Hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-negative and persistently normal alanine aminotransferase (PNALT) levels is yet unclear. Therefore, we aimed to assess liver histological changes in such patients by liver biopsy and explore possible predictors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 711 HBeAg-negative CHB patients with PNALT levels who underwent liver biopsy from January 2017 to June 2022 were included in this retrospective study. The relationships between histological changes and predictors were assessed by smooth curve fitting and multivariate logistic regression analysis models. Data were also analyzed using American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD) modified alanine aminotransferase (ALT) criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proportion of significant histological changes in the indeterminate phase was higher than that in the inactive phase (53.97% vs. 41.33%). The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of significant necroinflammation and histological changes for the indeterminate phase were 2.05 and 1.43, respectively, when compared with the inactive phase by multivariate logistic regression analyses. Significant histological changes in the-phase were positively associated with age, ALT, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels but negatively correlated with platelet (PLT) levels. HBV DNA ≥5 log10 U/L and PLT &lt;200 × 10⁹/L were independent predictive factors for assessing histological changes in indeterminate-phase patients. Similar analysis findings were obtained using the two sets of modified ALT criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant histological changes are not rare in indeterminate-phase CHB patients and are higher than in the inactive phase, regardless of the ALT criteria. Histological investigation is strongly suggested for intermediate stage patients with HBV DNA &gt;5 log10 U/L or PLT &lt;200 × 10⁹/L and antiviral therapy should be considered for such patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.24","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136134279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical utility of six serum tumor markers for the diagnosis of lung cancer","authors":"Yongchang Yang,&nbsp;Shuai Chang,&nbsp;Na Wang,&nbsp;Pengfei Song,&nbsp;Haijing Wei,&nbsp;Jie Liu","doi":"10.1002/ila2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.23","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the increasing prevalence of lung cancer, it has become imperative to identify reliable biomarkers that can aid in early detection and prognosis assessment. Therefore, we sought to investigate the potential utility of six serum tumor markers as diagnostic and prognostic tools for lung cancer patients. By analyzing a large cohort of patients with different stages and subtypes of lung cancer, we hoped to shed light on the predictive value and accuracy of each marker individually, as well as their combined performance. This study should not only provide valuable insights into the biology and pathogenesis of lung cancer but also pave the way for personalized treatment strategies based on individual patient profiles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The serum levels of the tumor markers progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) were meticulously assessed in a cohort comprising 324 individuals diagnosed with lung cancer and an additional 51 patients with benign lung disease. The measurements were conducted using cutting-edge techniques such as ELISA, electrochemical luminescence, and chemiluminescence methods. Differences between groups and the impact of these markers on lung cancer diagnosis were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The serum levels of ProGRP, NSE, and CEA were significantly higher in lung cancer patients than in patients with benign lung disease (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). NSE had the highest sensitivity for squamous cell carcinomas (SC), while CEA had the highest sensitivity for adenocarcinomas (AC). ProGRP and NSE had higher sensitivities than other markers for small cell carcinomas (SCC). Combining the six tumor markers resulted in higher sensitivities for SC (70.6%), AC (77.4%), and SCC (80%) compared with any single test. Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that ProGRP and NSE had a greater area under the curve (AUC) in SCC (0.886 and 0.775) than SC and AC, while CEA had a higher AUC in AC (0.716), and NSE had a higher AUC than other markers in SC (0.719).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ProGRP and NSE are effective serum tumor markers for SCC, whereas CEA and NSE may aid in the diagnosis of AC and SC. Combining the detection of ProGRP, NSE, CYFRA21-1, CEA, and SCCA significantly improves sensitivity when diagnosing lung cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.23","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50130901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanism of copper homeostasis and its role in disease","authors":"Yunhui Li,&nbsp;Jing Liang,&nbsp;Yuan Chen,&nbsp;Yajie Wang","doi":"10.1002/ila2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Copper (Cuprum) is an essential trace metal indispensable for the function of numerous enzymatic molecules implicated in cellular metabolism. Emerging evidence has demonstrated the role of copper in angiogenesis and cellular signaling. Moreover, raised copper levels have been detected in hepatocellular carcinoma and other cancers. An inherited or acquired copper imbalance, including inadequately low or excessively high copper levels, as well as inappropriate copper distribution in the body, is implicated in a number of diseases. In addition, a recent groundbreaking study identified a copper-induced type of programmed cell death named cuprotosis, the mechanism of which greatly deferred from that of other known cell death modes. The first part provides an overview of the regulation of copper homeostasis and discusses the underlying mechanisms of cuprotosis. In the second part, the authors focus on the functions of copper in liver diseases and other metabolic disorders, before discussing how this knowledge could contribute to the development of effective targets to treat such diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.22","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50138778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focus on lipoprotein(a): The time is now","authors":"Ya-hui Lin,&nbsp;Qiong Yang,&nbsp;Zhou Zhou","doi":"10.1002/ila2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the most important risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but some individuals who meet the LDL-C treatment goal still have a residual risk of ASCVD [<span>1</span>]. Numerous clinical studies and meta-analyses have shown that high lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) concentration is a continuous, independent, and moderately significant risk factor for ASCVD, and that this association is not dependent on LDL-C or non-HDL-C levels or other risk factors [<span>2</span>].</p><p>Lp(a) was first introduced to the scientific world by the Norwegian physician and geneticist Kare Berg in 1963 [<span>3</span>]. Lp(a) closely resembles LDL in terms of its protein and lipid composition, containing one molecule of apolipoprotein B (apoB) wrapped around a core of cholesterol esters and triglycerides with a surface of phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol particles. Lp(a) also contains a highly glycosylated protein called apo(a). This protein forms a covalent bond with apoB-100 via a single disulfide bond, which distinguishes Lp(a) from LDL.</p><p>Despite the fact that the structure of Lp(a) is similar to that of LDL, Lp(a) with a unique apo(a) is more atherogenic than LDL, and it is an attractive target for blood lipid intervention. The expert panel of the Beijing Heart Society has extended the systematic knowledge regarding Lp(a) beyond integrating the current global knowledge of Lp(a) and summarizing the evidence from Chinese populations. The scientific statement from Beijing Heart Society suggests key points for managing Lp(a) in Chinese populations for reference in clinical practice [<span>4</span>].</p><p>Lp(a) concentrations vary greatly among different races and geographic regions. In the Chinese population, Lp(a) concentrations have a skewed distribution with a median concentration of 5.6–8.0 mg/dL, which is slightly lower than that in Caucasians (9.0–17.0 mg/dL) but much lower than that in African Americans (33 mg/dL). Lp(a) concentrations are heritable, with total heritability of 68%–98%. The LPA gene (MIM 152200; ENSG00000198670) located on chromosome 6q27 encodes apo(a), and copy number variations in KIV-2 within the gene can range from 2 to 40 copies, which can explain 70%–90% of plasma Lp(a) concentrations [<span>5</span>].</p><p>In addition, single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the LPA gene are also associated with Lp(a) concentrations. The variant rs10455872 located in intron 25 and rs3798220 in the protease-like domain show the strongest correlation with Lp(a) concentrations, accounting for 22% of the variation in Lp(a) concentrations. However, these two single-nucleotide polymorphisms have not been found to be associated with Lp(a) concentrations in South Asian and Chinese populations [<span>6</span>]. In Chinese populations, rs7770628 and rs73596816 are the single-nucleotide polymorphisms most significantly associated with the severity of coronary heart disease in Chinese pati","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50117517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An iASPP-derived short peptide restores p53-mediated cell death in cancers with wild-type p53","authors":"Shi Qiu,&nbsp;Wei Qi,&nbsp;Wen Wu,&nbsp;Qian Qiu,&nbsp;Jiali Ma,&nbsp;Yingjun Li,&nbsp;Wenhui Fan,&nbsp;Junli Li,&nbsp;Yang Xu,&nbsp;Hai Chen,&nbsp;Jie Liu","doi":"10.1002/ila2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.21","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 (iASPP) is an evolutionarily conserved p53 inhibitor. Mechanistically, iASPP can accelerate tumorigenesis by inhibiting the transactivation function of p53. Targeting the interaction between iASPP and p53 may be a potential therapy for restoring the activity of p53 in tumors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We constructed an iASPP-derived peptide, called A8, that was derived from the C-terminus of iASPP. Here, we transfected A8 into two wild-type (WT) p53 cell lines, U2OS and A549, and then determined the number of apoptotic cells. The mechanism by which A8 affected apoptosis was further examined by immunoprecipitation (IP), Dual-Luciferase reporter assays, and chromatin IP assays. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blots were also used to examine the expression levels of apoptosis-related factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our data demonstrate that A8 can increase apoptosis rates in WT p53 cell lines. Functional analysis suggested that A8 restored the transcriptional function and DNA binding activities of p53 toward the Bax and PUMA gene promoters. Moreover, A8 reduced cell proliferation and inhibited tumor growth in xenograft nude mice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These data provide a new approach for restoring the tumor suppressor function of p53 in cancer cells that express WT p53 and therefore may serve as a novel cancer treatment strategy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.21","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50149438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The incidence of liver abnormalities is higher in inactive hepatitis B virus carriers with influenza A infection","authors":"Liqin Sun,&nbsp;Yong-Mei Yin,&nbsp;Nan Xiao,&nbsp;Cheng Wang,&nbsp;Xiao-Guang Li,&nbsp;Jun Wang,&nbsp;Hongzhou Lu","doi":"10.1002/ila2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Influenza A infection leads to a higher incidence of liver injury in HBV carriers than in patients infected with influenza A alone. Moreover, HBV carriers experience earlier onset and greater severity of liver injury than individuals with only influenza A.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50146667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of autoantibody detection in chronic liver disease","authors":"Jinyu Han,&nbsp;Jin Chen,&nbsp;Yajie Wang","doi":"10.1002/ila2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Autoantibody (AAb) detection has become one of the standards of diagnosis for autoimmune liver disease (AILD), and some AAbs have become specific biomarkers of AILD. In addition, AAbs can be detected in patients with non-AILDs, such as viral hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease. However, the distribution characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms of AAbs in patients with non-AILD are unclear. This article summarizes the characteristics of AAbs in several common clinical chronic liver diseases (CLDs) and discusses the value of AAb analysis in CLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50132894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interim proposal for collecting and handling of microbiology specimens from patients with COVID-19 in general hospitals","authors":"Zhaofang Jiang,&nbsp;Shan Chen,&nbsp;Jiayao Qu,&nbsp;Siyuan Liu,&nbsp;Tao Hong,&nbsp;Houming Liu,&nbsp;Yi-Wei Tang,&nbsp;Jiuxin Qu,&nbsp;Hongzhou Lu","doi":"10.1002/ila2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p>SARS-CoV-2 infections have an increased risk of developing severe disease and a variety of secondary bacterial or fungal infections, and the types of microbiology testing of specimens vary accordingly. A standardized process of specimen collection and handling contributes to the correct diagnosis and treatment of patients with COVID-19.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50148021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Target selection and clinical chimeric antigen receptor T cell activity against solid tumors","authors":"Eric von Hofe,&nbsp;Yanping Yang,&nbsp;Moonsoo M. Jin","doi":"10.1002/ila2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a relatively new form of targeted therapy that has demonstrated impressive success in treating hematological malignancies. It has been challenging to translate this success to solid tumors. Reasons for this include barriers to delivery, tumor heterogeneity, cancer cells' ability to evade the immune system as well as identifying the optimal target. Most CAR T clinical trials have targeted well-characterized cancer targets with significant preclinical and in some cases clinical validation. Published results from some of these trials show signs of anti-cancer activity that warrant encouragement, but also caution, given instances of unacceptable toxicity. The narrow therapeutic window is complicated by the ability of CAR T cells to expand in patients regardless of dose. Here, we review those trials showing encouraging results in the context of target selection. It is clear that more specific tumor targeting is required, either by affinity tuning to avoid low-level target expression in healthy cells, logic gating, or the identification of new targets that are more cancer specific.</p>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50138337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}