Development and Challenges of Pathogen Molecular Point-Of-Care Testing Systems Based on Microfluidic Technology

Abstract

Molecular point-of-care testing (POCT) is characterized by high sensitivity, low reagent demand, fast mixing speed, rapid turnaround time, and ease of use, making it appealing for diagnosing infectious diseases. Currently, most commercial molecular POCT systems are based on microfluidic platforms integrating complex fluid manipulation systems, such as sample processing, separation, reaction, and detection, with functional modules on a chip of just a few square centimeters to achieve rapid target detection. This review summarizes the latest advances in molecular POCT systems based on microfluidic platforms for diagnosing infectious diseases from academic and industrial perspectives. First, we cover microfluidic chips, the core component of molecular POCT systems, including materials, preparation processes, fluid drivers, and control units. Then, we describe key techniques implemented in molecular POCT systems for diagnosing infectious diseases, namely nucleic acid detection and reagent storage. Finally, we discuss clinical applications and development directions and highlight challenges in the quality control of molecular POCT systems.