IJID One Health最新文献

{"title":"Development of a lateral-flow assay for rapid detection of parasitic nematodes","authors":"Christopher Sander,&nbsp;Stephan Neumann","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Wild animals kept in enclosures are exposed to an increased risk of infection with Soil-transmitted Helminth (STH) due to high animal densities and the resulting heavy contamination of the enclosures. As regular fecal examinations are necessary to monitor and maintain health, a rapid test was developed to detect STH in wildlife.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The rapid test consists of two polyclonal antibodies directed against the nematode SUMO-Protein (C- &amp; N-term). For this study, 102 fecal samples from wild boar, fallow deer, red deer and dogs were examined. The fecal samples were defined by using the sedimentation technique and then used to evaluate the developed rapid test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The sensitivity of the rapid test was 95.38 % with a specificity of 81.08 % and a accuracy of 90.2 %.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>At this time, there is no commercial rapid test for the detection of STH. This rapid test can enable fast disease monitoring to make a decision in the field to save animals health. In addition, this rapid tests for the detection of parasites in wildlife can be crucial in the context of One Health to prevent the spread of disease within a system through monitoring, to preserve biodiversity and to improve global health security.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949915124000246/pdfft?md5=94e48de3557b6b5be7bca4d21fd46c2d&pid=1-s2.0-S2949915124000246-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142173063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of exposure to West Nile virus and Usutu virus in migratory birds in Sweden","authors":"Jenny Olofsson ,&nbsp;Conny Tolf ,&nbsp;Richard Lindqvist ,&nbsp;Yong-Dae Gwon ,&nbsp;Sebastian Blom ,&nbsp;Mariëlle L. van Toor ,&nbsp;Jonas Näslund ,&nbsp;Anders Lindström ,&nbsp;Tobias Lilja ,&nbsp;Patrick Chiyo ,&nbsp;Anna K. Överby ,&nbsp;Jonas Waldenström ,&nbsp;Olivia Wesula Lwande","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The recent detection and expansion of West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) in the Netherlands, Germany, and Austria point to the likelihood of the viruses spreading to Northern Europe. Migratory birds and ornithophilic mosquitoes may spread these viruses to new areas. We sampled birds during the spring and autumn bird migration of 2021 in Southern Sweden to investigate the risk of the introduction of mosquito-borne zoonotic avian viruses like WNV and USUV.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We collected blood samples from 1775 birds comprising 59 species and determined the seroprevalence of WNV using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). WNV and USUV belong to the Japanese encephalitis serocomplex, and antibodies against both viruses are detected in the WNV ELISA. Focus-forming assays or fluorescence-based neutralization assays were performed to verify ELISA results and to differentiate between antibodies against WNV and USUV.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found nine (0.51%) samples to be WNV-antibody-positive. Cross-neutralization experiments with WNV and USUV confirmed that seven (0.41%) had WNV-neutralizing antibodies and two (0.11%) had USUV-neutralizing antibodies. Interestingly, the two samples had neutralizing antibodies of both viruses. All samples but one with anti-flavivirus antibodies came from long-distance migrants wintering in sub-Saharan Africa. Antibodies were detected in samples taken during spring and autumn and only in adult birds.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings show that migratory birds in Sweden have been exposed to WNV and USUV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Japanese encephalitis in swine in San Jose, Tarlac, Philippines","authors":"Fedelino F. Malbas Jr. ,&nbsp;Mariko Saito-Obata ,&nbsp;Yusuke Sayama ,&nbsp;Nelia P. Salazar ,&nbsp;Wilfredo E. Aure ,&nbsp;Hazel O. Galang ,&nbsp;Cecille L. Zuasula ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Oshitani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>A systematic review of multidisciplinary studies on Japanese encephalitis (JE) in the Philippines indicated that endemic foci may be found in all 17 administrative regions in the country.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To establish the etiology of the disease, virus detection and seroprevalence surveys in 198 pigs were conducted in 2010–2011 in four barangays (villages) in the Municipality of San Jose, Tarlac. Prior to the present study, JE virus genotype III (JEV GIII) was recovered from the mosquito, <em>Culex tritaeniorhynchus,</em> in the same municipality where backyard hog-raising and wet rice cultivation were common practices among households located within 1 km radius from the paddies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>JEV GIII was detected from serum and nasal swabs from pigs, 3 to 5-month-old, from barangays Pao, Moriones, and Villa Aglipay. Immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in pigs &lt; 4 to &gt; 8 months old, with an overall total of 17.2 % and 62.1 %, respectively. The presence of these antibodies in all pigs during four observation periods indicated year-round transmission starting with the rainy season, which encompasses the months of July and September 2010. IgM represented new infections. IgG increased correspondingly with age with repeated infections in older pigs. IgG levels remained high in all barangays. The number of households with any one of the markers: IgM, IgG, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction averaged out at 82.5 %, reflecting as it were, vulnerability to JE in barangays where all 198 pigs were examined. This report contributes to knowledge on JE, whereby incidence in humans may be linked to its epizootic spillover from pigs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study has shown that four barangays, representing a rice-farming community, supported the enzootic cycle of JE in swine, with mosquitoes previously found to be infected with JEV GIII in San Jose. Thus, infected pigs, rainfall, and proximity of human habitation to breeding sites of vector mosquitoes constituted the risk factors for JE, as it were in other endemic countries in Asia. The finding of viral RNA in nasal swabs suggests the possibility of direct transmission among pigs via the oronasal route. From the standpoint of public health, JE immunization of children and periodic surveillance of swine are recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949915124000222/pdfft?md5=ea8f4628dbe272d0f7ec3179e1879a69&pid=1-s2.0-S2949915124000222-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of fungi isolated from formalin-preserved human and animal cadavers: A potential health concern to exposed students and technicians","authors":"Richard Kwizera ,&nbsp;Joan Naluzze","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fungal contamination of formalin-fixed cadavers raises potential health concerns. We aimed to systematically search published literature to explore the fungi that commonly contaminate formalin-fixed cadavers to estimate the size of the problem and all dynamics involved. Our search retrieved 20,273 citations and we retained eight descriptive cross-sectional studies that met our selection criteria, published between 2002 and 2022. The results indicate that, worldwide, there is a significant problem of fungal contamination in formalin-preserved cadavers. The majority of contaminated cadavers were human cadavers and only one citation studied animal cadavers. The formalin concentrations used in the tanks were 5–14 %. Studies mostly used swabs to collect samples and tested them using fungal culture. The fungi isolated included <em>Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp, Trichophyton spp, Epidermophyton spp, Cryptococcus spp, Candida spp, Fusarium spp., Purpureocellium spp, Chrysonilia spp, Trichoderma spp, Microsporum spp,</em> and <em>Cladosporium spp</em>. The most suspected sources of contamination were air, water, and the bodies. <em>Aspergillus, Trichophyton</em>, and <em>Penicillium</em> species were the most common fungal contaminants isolated. Fungal contamination of cadavers can lead to financial loss and dangerous health outcomes for exposed individuals. The effective concentration of formalin remains unknown. Students/technicians should use personal protective equipment, such as face masks and gloves, while handling cadavers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949915124000210/pdfft?md5=0d28035fbd4af5f6f55941741fa70c9a&pid=1-s2.0-S2949915124000210-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual dysfunction and sudden onset symptoms leading to early detection of tick-borne infections: A case report","authors":"Ayra I. Sayyed ,&nbsp;William V. Padula","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Tick-borne infections frequently impact the visual system; however, their symptoms are commonly misinterpreted as issues related to functional vision disorders, balance, movement, and cognition. Visual symptoms may include blurred vision, double vision, photosensitivity, perception of distorted space, visual strain, headaches during near vision activities, difficulties with balance, dizziness, reduced ability to bring the eyes together (convergence), inability to maintain focus, and inability to tolerate movement in peripheral vision.</p></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><p>This case report highlights a patient who presented with learning difficulties and behavioral issues. After a comprehensive neuro-optometric evaluation, specific ocular findings were observed, prompting suspicion of tick-borne disease. Subsequent comprehensive blood work for Lyme and associated diseases confirmed a diagnosis of tick-borne infection.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Early detection and diagnosis of tick-borne infections pose significant challenges. Often referred to as “the great mimicker,” these infections frequently result in misdiagnosis or redirection during the medical pursuit of a definitive diagnosis. Failure to diagnose and treat promptly during the acute phase may lead to chronic neurologic progression of the undiagnosed disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949915124000209/pdfft?md5=4530fa641263d2a9816103eb38d4d7e8&pid=1-s2.0-S2949915124000209-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of the first molecularly confirmed outbreak of Rift Valley fever among humans in Rwanda, calls for institutionalizing the One Health strategy","authors":"Eric Remera ,&nbsp;Edson Rwagasore ,&nbsp;Claude M. Muvunyi ,&nbsp;Ayman Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Here, we report the investigation, molecular confirmation, and response to the first outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) among humans throughout the country in Rwanda in 2022. RVF is a mosquito-borne zoonotic arbovirus that is mainly prevalent in Africa. However, severely limited information is available about the disease among humans in the country. We confirmed 173 human cases of RVF, including 22 deaths, using molecular tools (polymerase chain reaction). Male patients were three times more frequently infected than females and most of the case were reported from the eastern borders of the country. The high case fatality rate (13 %) suggests delay in the detection and the provision of supportive case management; it could also be attributed to the possibility that the local population is naïve to the virus. This urges the implementation of a transdisciplinary One Health strategy for the preparedness, prevention, surveillance, and control of arboviruses and their vectors to protect humans and animals in the country. To successfully do this, additional evidence is needed to inform policy, national strategy, and guide the implementation of effective intervention. Therefore, we recommend further entomologic studies and genomics analysis to identify the competent vectors and characterize the virus and its dynamics in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949915124000192/pdfft?md5=a9b1a758e9d8f03d8ea8959290195393&pid=1-s2.0-S2949915124000192-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of a One Health approach in preventing human Rift Valley fever infections in Uganda","authors":"Hildah Tendo Nansikombi ,&nbsp;Jane Frances Zalwango ,&nbsp;Alex Ndyabakira ,&nbsp;Benon Kwesiga ,&nbsp;Lilian Bulage ,&nbsp;Alex Riolexus Ario ,&nbsp;Julie R. Harris ,&nbsp;Irene Byakatonda Kyamwine ,&nbsp;Dan Tumusiime ,&nbsp;Fred Monje","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rift valley fever (RVF) is an endemic viral zoonosis in Uganda that causes sporadic outbreaks. In May 2021, a 19-year-old woman from Kasaana Village, Kiruhura District, Western Uganda was diagnosed with RVF. In addition, five case patients identified from the same village were immunoglobulin (Ig) M–seropositive for RVF virus (RVFV), all with a history of contact with livestock. We interviewed farmers in Kasaana Village to find out whether their livestock had recently experienced any sign of RVF (livestock abortions and neonatal mortality). We conducted a veterinary records review at the regional animal diagnostic laboratory and a case search for livestock that had a recent history of abortion or neonatal mortality. Among 162 livestock (94 cattle and 68 goats) from four farms reporting one or more abortions during March-June 2021, 57 (33 cattle and 24 goats) were randomly selected for testing for RVFV using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Verbal reports from farmers and veterinary records review revealed increases in livestock abortions and neonatal mortality during March-May 2021, before the human cases occurred. Serological testing indicated that eight (14%) livestock, including three (9%) cattle and five (21%) goats, were IgM-seropositive for RVFV. The presence of anti-RVFV IgM antibodies in sera suggested current infection in livestock, corroborating livestock abortions within the same period. Hence, human RVFV infections likely resulted from contact with infected animal products. The recurring pattern of livestock abortions observed before human RVFV infections in Uganda indicates a gap in the zoonotic disease surveillance system, through which reports on such events should trigger rapid response to detect disease, control spread among animals, and prevent spillover to humans. An expanded One Health approach on collaboration and information sharing on such events could facilitate RVF risk reduction in humans in Uganda.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949915124000180/pdfft?md5=2dd7aeaca8a7754f5cb2325878cb7497&pid=1-s2.0-S2949915124000180-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141697974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2023–2024 multi-source mpox outbreaks of Clade I MPXV in sub-Saharan Africa: Alarm bell for Africa and the World","authors":"Muge Cevik,&nbsp;Oyewale Tomori,&nbsp;Placide Mbala,&nbsp;Alessandra Scagliarini,&nbsp;Eskild Petersen,&nbsp;Nicola Low,&nbsp;David Heymann,&nbsp;Shui Shan Lee,&nbsp;Lucille Blumberg","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949915124000179/pdfft?md5=1318b85b2025819fe931881701d29652&pid=1-s2.0-S2949915124000179-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141959785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogen genomics and One Health: A scoping review of current practices in zoonotic disease research","authors":"Stefano Catalano ,&nbsp;Francesca Battelli ,&nbsp;Zoumana I. Traore ,&nbsp;Jayna Raghwani ,&nbsp;Christina L. Faust ,&nbsp;Claire J. Standley","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Whole-genome sequencing has revolutionized the field of infectious disease surveillance, enabling near real-time detection of pathogens and tracking how infections may spread. Our study aimed to characterize genomic applications to cross-domain zoonotic pathogen transmission at the human-animal and/or human-environment interfaces.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We performed a scoping review of studies that have applied genomic epidemiology to zoonotic disease transmission across One Health domains (human, animal, and environment). We identified 114 records published between 2005 and 2022 which reported multi-domain genomic data of zoonotic pathogens integrated into phylogenetic models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Most studies investigated bacterial pathogens, highlighting key knowledge gaps for other zoonotic agents, particularly arboviruses. Sampling and sequencing efforts varied greatly across domains: the median number and range of pathogen genomes analyzed were highest for humans (23; 1–29,586) and lowest for the environment domain (13; 1–956). Genomics was used to track zoonotic disease outbreaks and cross-domain transmission, to improve pathogen surveillance, and to disentangle evolutionary dynamics driving lineage diversification and virulence.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study highlights current practices and knowledge gaps to guide future study designs and genomic applications to multi-domain and cross-species transmission of zoonoses, with the potential to identify key infection sources and inform interventions for local and global health security.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949915124000155/pdfft?md5=0def9be97e4e98b20ab1aa9f23b792fd&pid=1-s2.0-S2949915124000155-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unprecedented rabies outbreak in Nepal’s Far Western Region: A call for urgent action","authors":"Sameer Thakur ,&nbsp;Naresh Prasad Joshi ,&nbsp;Bishal Chand ,&nbsp;Lokendra Neupane","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rabies, a zoonotic disease caused by lyssaviruses, poses a severe and escalating threat in the Far Western Region of Nepal. The recent outbreak of rabies in the Kailali and Kanchanpur districts of Sudurpaschim province has reached unprecedented levels, with a 92.30 % positivity rate in suspected samples. Within a year, there have been 84 confirmed outbreaks, with 32 in Kailali and 50 in Kanchanpur, highlighting the seriousness of the situation in these districts. This outbreak has also affected various animal species, including pigs, marking the first case in Nepal, and also caused the death of a young boy due to rabies. Given the historically low number of rabies cases in the province, the current situation is highly alarming and necessitates immediate government intervention. The challenges faced include the absence of a comprehensive national rabies control policy, limited resources, and inadequate awareness in rural areas. To effectively address this crisis, urgent action is required, which entails a multidisciplinary approach, collaboration between government and non-governmental organizations, prioritization of rural areas, improvement of health infrastructure, and strengthened surveillance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949915124000118/pdfft?md5=97f06ace302fefa0fb15a1856da256f9&pid=1-s2.0-S2949915124000118-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141397115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}