Global expansion of Aedes mosquitoes and their role in the transboundary spread of emerging arboviral diseases: A comprehensive review

Abstract

The global expansion of Aedes mosquitoes, particularly, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, has significantly contributed to the transboundary spread of arboviral diseases such as dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. This systematic review, conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, aimed to investigate the ecological, environmental, and socioeconomic factors driving the proliferation of Aedes mosquitoes and their role in arboviral disease transmission. Relevant studies were identified through comprehensive searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, with a focus on the geographic distribution, behavioral characteristics, and transmission dynamics of Aedes species. This research has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO), with the code CRD42021231605. The results revealed that climate change, globalization, urbanization, and human mobility are key drivers of the global spread of Aedes mosquitoes. Rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns have facilitated their expansion into temperate regions, whereas urbanization has created ideal breeding environments. In addition, globalization and international travel have accelerated the introduction of arboviruses into non-endemic areas. This review highlights that effective vector control necessitates climate-resilient strategies, stronger international collaboration, and innovative interventions, including Wolbachia-based and genetically modified mosquitoes. Addressing the complex challenges posed by Aedes-borne arboviruses is critical for mitigating their global health impact.