Evidence of dengue virus exposure and associated risk factors in Rwanda

Abstract

Objectives

Dengue virus (DENV) is a global public health concern owing to its widespread distribution, significant morbidity, and potentially severe outcomes. Although not yet reported in Rwanda, this study aimed to explore the DENV seroprevalence in selected health facilities.

Methods

Serum samples from 2286 patients who visited 11 health facilities nationwide were investigated for DENV and Zika virus immunoglobulin G. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the predictors.

Results

The DENV seroprevalence was 30.4 %, but Zika virus immunoglobulin G was not detected. Participants’ mean age was 40.5 ± 16.3 years; 62.2 % were females and 37.8 % were males. In total, 85.8 % were farmers, 4.7 % were office workers, and 3 % were vocational professionals. Farmers had a higher risk of past DENV infections than other professionals. No significant differences in past infections were observed between sexes or age groups.

Conclusions

These findings indicate past DENV infections in Rwanda, highlighting the need for DENV surveillance and enhanced diagnostic capacity. Strengthening these efforts will help prevent infectious diseases, reduce unnecessary treatments, and mitigate the risk of antimicrobial resistance.