iEnergy Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2023.0007

Jingjing Liang;Jianzhong Zhu;Minfang Han;Xiufu Hua;Duruo Li;Meng Ni

{"title":"The development of solid oxide co-electrolysis of H2O and CO2 on large-size cells and stacks","authors":"Jingjing Liang;Jianzhong Zhu;Minfang Han;Xiufu Hua;Duruo Li;Meng Ni","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0007","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of carbon neutrality, conversion of CO\u0000<inf>2</inf>\u0000 into CO is an effective way for negative carbon emission. Electrochemical reduction is a novel developed pathway, among which, solid oxide co-electrolysis technology is promising for its high efficiency and low electricity demand. Researches concerning the large-size cell and stack of application level are important. This review, targeting at the not yet fully understood reaction mechanism and the most concerning issue of durability, details the reported factors playing important roles in the reaction mechanism and durability of co-electrolysis. It is found that the operating conditions such as inlet mixtures and applied current significantly affect the reaction mechanism of co-electrolysis and the experiments on button cells can not reflect the real reaction mechanism on industrial-size cells. Besides, the durability test of large-size single cells and stacks at high current with high conversion rate and the potential of solid oxide co-electrolysis combing with intermittent renewable energy are also reviewed and demonstrated. Finally, an outlook for future exploration is also offered.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 2","pages":"109-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9732629/10185633/10185640.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50319970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blockchain-assisted virtual power plant framework for providing operating reserve with various distributed energy resources 区块链辅助虚拟发电厂框架，用于为各种分布式能源提供运营储备

iEnergy Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2023.0013

Hongyi Li;Hongxun Hui;Hongcai Zhang

{"title":"Blockchain-assisted virtual power plant framework for providing operating reserve with various distributed energy resources","authors":"Hongyi Li;Hongxun Hui;Hongcai Zhang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0013","url":null,"abstract":"The paradigm shift from a coal-based power system to a renewable-energy-based power system brings more challenges to the supply-demand balance of the grid. Distributed energy resources (DERs), which can provide operating reserve to the grid, are regarded as a promising solution to compensate for the power fluctuation of the renewable energy resources. Small-scale DERs can be aggregated as a virtual power plant (VPP), which is eligible to bid in the operating reserve market. Since the DERs usually belong to different entities, it is important to investigate the VPP operation framework that coordinates the DERs in a trusted manner. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-assisted operating reserve framework for VPPs that aggregates various DERs. Considering the heterogeneity of various DERs, we propose a unified reserve capacity evaluation method to facilitate the aggregation of DERs. By considering the mismatch between actual available reserve capacity and the estimated value, the performance of VPP in the operating reserve market is improved. A hardware-based experimental system is developed, and numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 2","pages":"133-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9732629/10185633/10185634.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50319967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Scaling up blue energy harvesting: Transitioning from single generators to multiple generators 扩大蓝色能源收集：从单个发电机过渡到多个发电机

iEnergy Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2023.0019

Zong Li;Bin Cao;Zhong Lin Wang

{"title":"Scaling up blue energy harvesting: Transitioning from single generators to multiple generators","authors":"Zong Li;Bin Cao;Zhong Lin Wang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Droplet-based triboelectric nanogenerator (D-TENG) using liquid -solid contact electrification has been widely studied for harvesting raindrop energy and ocean energy due to its unique ability to effectively reduce friction between solids and improve durability. In 2020, a new-generation D-TENG with a “transistor-like” structure was proposed, which first achieved ultra-high instantaneous power output(50 W/m\u0000<sup>2</sup>\u0000). Subsequently, D-TENG has been rapidly developed and is widely used in ocean wave energy power generation and liquid-solid triboelectric power generation. Currently, although we have excellent D-TENGs to harvest energy from a single water droplet, but if multiple D-TENGs are simply connected in parallel for a large area usage, the output power of the whole power generation module will drop significantly due to the mutual influence between different individual generation units, which severely limits their applications in practice. Therefore, finding a reasonable topology to relieve the inherent constraints of D-TENGs is of great significance for realizing the large-scale raindrop energy harvesting.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 2","pages":"91-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9732629/10185633/10185635.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50320099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trusted operation framework for virtual power plants 虚拟电厂的可信运行框架

iEnergy Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2023.0018

Hongyi Li;Hongxun Hui;Hongcai Zhang

{"title":"Trusted operation framework for virtual power plants","authors":"Hongyi Li;Hongxun Hui;Hongcai Zhang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0018","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of intermittent renewable energy sources further stimulates the need for operating reserve to maintain the supply-demand balance of the power system. DERs can form a VPP to provide both upward and downward operating reserve to the power system. The process of providing operating reserve as a VPP includes evaluating of reserve capacity of DERs, bidding in the operating reserve market, responding to the regulation signal, assessing the response performance of DERs and allocating the profit (see the Figure, which is reprinted with permission from iEnergy, 2(2): 133-142, 2023 © 2023 The Author(s)). The operation characteristics of various DERs are modeled for the evaluation of their available operating reserve capacity. However, due to the uncertainty of the DER status, there might exist a mismatch between the estimated capacity at the bidding stage and the available capacity at the response stage, which could results in an inaccurate tracking of the regulation signal. Thus, a timely update of the operating reserve capacity evaluation result is introduced to the operation of VPP, which enables the proactive compensation for capacity mismatch during the stage of assigning of regulating power.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 2","pages":"92-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9732629/10185633/10185662.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50320100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resilience of gas interchangeability in hydrogen-blended integrated electricity and gas systems: A transient approach with dynamic gas composition tracking 氢气混合集成电力和天然气系统中气体互换性的弹性：一种动态气体成分跟踪的瞬态方法

iEnergy Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2023.0016

Sheng Wang;Hongxun Hui;Pierluigi Siano

{"title":"Resilience of gas interchangeability in hydrogen-blended integrated electricity and gas systems: A transient approach with dynamic gas composition tracking","authors":"Sheng Wang;Hongxun Hui;Pierluigi Siano","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Green hydrogen can be produced by consuming surplus renewable generations. It can be injected into the natural gas networks, accelerating the decarbonization of energy systems. However, with the fluctuation of renewable energies, the gas composition in the gas network may change dramatically as the hydrogen injection fluctuates. The gas interchangeability may be adversely affected. To investigate the ability to defend the fluctuated hydrogen injection, this paper proposes a gas interchangeability resilience evaluation method for hydrogen-blended integrated electricity and gas systems (H-IEGS). First, gas interchangeability resilience is defined by proposing several novel metrics. Then, A two-stage gas interchangeability management scheme is proposed to accommodate the hydrogen injections. The steady-state optimal electricity and hydrogen-gas energy flow technique is performed first to obtain the desired operating state of the H-IEGS. Then, the dynamic gas composition tracking is implemented to calculate the real-time traveling of hydrogen contents in the gas network, and evaluate the time-varying gas interchangeability metrics. Moreover, to improve the computation efficiency, a self-adaptive linearization technique is proposed and embedded in the solution process of discretized partial derivative equations. Finally, an IEEE 24 bus reliability test system and Belgium natural gas system are used to validate the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 2","pages":"143-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9732629/10185633/10185638.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50320101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Rational TENG arrays as a panel for harvesting large-scale raindrop energy 将合理的TENG阵列作为采集大规模雨滴能量的面板

iEnergy Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2023.0015

Zong Li;Bin Cao;Zhonghao Zhang;Liming Wang;Zhong Lin Wang

引用次数: 0

Electrocaloric cooling technologies for a sustainable world 实现可持续发展的电制冷技术

iEnergy Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2023.0012

Xin Chen;Wenyi Zhu;Q. M. Zhang

引用次数: 0

Revisit power system dispatch: Concepts, models, and solutions 重温电力系统调度：概念、模型和解决方案

iEnergy Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2023.0010

Zhifang Yang;Pei Yong;Mingxu Xiang