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The Interaction of Electric Vehicles with the Power Grid-Challenges and Solutions 电动汽车与电网的互动--挑战与解决方案
iEnergy Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2023.0044
Nikos Hatziargyriou
{"title":"The Interaction of Electric Vehicles with the Power Grid-Challenges and Solutions","authors":"Nikos Hatziargyriou","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0044","DOIUrl":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0044","url":null,"abstract":"One quarter of the green house gas (GHG) emissions is attributed to the transport sector. As the world moves to a low-carbon economy, electrification and efficiency improvements of transport has become one of the primary policy targets. As a result, the charging infrastructure is expanding fast in many parts of the world. According to the IEA World Energy Outlook report, 2.7 million public charging points are installed worldwide at the end of 2022, while more than 900000 of them were installed in that year, which is about a 55% increase on 2021 stock. The development of a vast charging network is expected to considerably increase the energy demand for electric vehicle (EV) charging (“slow” chargers at home range from 3.3 kW to 22 kW compared to a typical home demand of 2 kW, and fast chargers capacity is up to 350 kW), posing great challenges to the safe, stable and economic operation of the power grid.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 4","pages":"254-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10376444","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139060206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of Coupled Ground Wire Interference on the Precision of Electric Field Sensors 耦合地线干扰对电场传感器精度的影响
iEnergy Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2023.0038
Xinting Liu;Shilin Wu;Haoyu Ma;Huiquan Zhang;Ran Bi;Bing Tian;Qiancheng Lv;Jun Hu
{"title":"Impact of Coupled Ground Wire Interference on the Precision of Electric Field Sensors","authors":"Xinting Liu;Shilin Wu;Haoyu Ma;Huiquan Zhang;Ran Bi;Bing Tian;Qiancheng Lv;Jun Hu","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0038","DOIUrl":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0038","url":null,"abstract":"Electric field measurement holds immense significance in various domains. The power supply and signal acquisition units of the sensor may be coupled with ground wire interference, which could result in reduced measurement accuracy. Moreover, this problem is often ignored by researchers. This paper investigated the origin of ground coupling interference in electric field sensors and its impact on measurement accuracy. A miniature undistorted electric field sensor with wireless transmission was compared with existing D-dot, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and optical sensors. The results indicate that MEMS and D-dot exhibit diminished accuracy in measuring electric fields under uniform conditions, owing to interference from ground wires. In the case of transmission lines with non-uniform conditions, the wireless sensor exhibited a measurement error of 5%, whereas the optical sensor showed an error rate of approximately 8%. However, the D-dot sensor displayed a measurement error exceeding 50%, whereas the MEMS sensor yielded an error as high as 150%. This means that the wireless sensor isolates the ground-coupled interference signal and realizes the distortion-free measurement of the electric field. The wireless sensors will find extensive applications in new power systems for intelligent equipment status perception, fault warning, and other scenarios.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 4","pages":"314-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10365719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139060081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Review on Applications of Holomorphic Embedding Methods 全态嵌入方法应用综述
iEnergy Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2023.0037
Kaiyang Huang;Kai Sun
{"title":"A Review on Applications of Holomorphic Embedding Methods","authors":"Kaiyang Huang;Kai Sun","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0037","DOIUrl":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0037","url":null,"abstract":"The holomorphic embedding method (HEM) stands as a mathematical technique renowned for its favorable convergence properties when resolving algebraic systems involving complex variables. The key idea behind the HEM is to convert the task of solving complex algebraic equations into a series expansion involving one or multiple embedded complex variables. This transformation empowers the utilization of complex analysis tools to tackle the original problem effectively. Since the 2010s, the HEM has been applied to steady-state and dynamic problems in power systems and has shown superior convergence and robustness compared to traditional numerical methods. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the diverse applications of the HEM and its variants reported by the literature in the past decade. The paper discusses both the strengths and limitations of these HEMs and provides guidelines for practical applications. It also outlines the challenges and potential directions for future research in this field.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 4","pages":"264-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10365718","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139060083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Photon Count Technique as a Potential Tool for Insulation Micro-Defect Detection: Principles and Primary Results 作为绝缘微缺陷检测潜在工具的光子计数技术：原理和初步结果
iEnergy Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2023.0036
Xianhao Fan;Hanhua Luo;Fangwei Liang;Jun Hu;Weidong Liu;Chuanyang Li;Jinliang He
{"title":"Photon Count Technique as a Potential Tool for Insulation Micro-Defect Detection: Principles and Primary Results","authors":"Xianhao Fan;Hanhua Luo;Fangwei Liang;Jun Hu;Weidong Liu;Chuanyang Li;Jinliang He","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0036","DOIUrl":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0036","url":null,"abstract":"The requirements for the construction of a new power system inevitably pose significant challenges and changes to the operation and maintenance of the power grid. To ensure the safe and stable operation of ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission equipment, this work reports on the principles and preliminary results of using electroluminescence (EL)-based photon counting (PC) methods for early detection of micro-defects in GIS/GIL insulation spacer. In this study, the impact of voltage, gas pressure, and gas composition on the photon response of insulation is examined. Furthermore, the corresponding relationship between defect status and photon response characteristics is explored, along with the discussion of the EL mechanism and its evolution induced by defects. The research results demonstrate that PC measurement exhibits high sensitivity to variations in millimeter-scale defect size, position, and morphology at lower electric fields before partial discharge (PD) initiation. With this regard, this paper reveals promising prospects for the early detection of micro-defects in UHV transmission equipment using PC measurement-based methods.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 4","pages":"258-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10352432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139060265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conventionally Indiscoverable Electrical Degradation in Polymer Insulation is Now Seen with Naked Eye 传统上无法发现的聚合物绝缘层电气性能退化现在可以用肉眼看到了
iEnergy Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2023.0041
George Chen
{"title":"Conventionally Indiscoverable Electrical Degradation in Polymer Insulation is Now Seen with Naked Eye","authors":"George Chen","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0041","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of energy technology, the reliability and durability of electrical insulation is becoming more and more important. In many critical systems, such as new energy systems, aerospace systems, power transmission and transformation systems, and rail transit systems, electrical degradation of dielectric polymers occurs frequently under harsh operating conditions. It will lead to electrical breakdown of key equipment if the risk is not identified and eliminated in time, resulting in huge economic losses. Unfortunately, electrical degradation usually initiates in a tiny area and does not cause significant changes in electrical properties of the material at the beginning, therefore it is extremely difficult to detect and has long been a major hidden danger threatening the safe operation of electrical and electronic equipment.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 4","pages":"256-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10378844","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139081199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Topology and Admittance Estimation: Precision Limits and Algorithms 拓扑和导纳估计：精度极限和算法
iEnergy Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2023.0035
Ning Zhang;Yuxiao Liu;Fangyuan Si;Qingchun Hou;Audun Botterud;Chongqing Kang
{"title":"Topology and Admittance Estimation: Precision Limits and Algorithms","authors":"Ning Zhang;Yuxiao Liu;Fangyuan Si;Qingchun Hou;Audun Botterud;Chongqing Kang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0035","DOIUrl":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0035","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution grid topology and admittance information are essential for system planning, operation, and protection. In many distribution grids, missing or inaccurate topology and admittance data call for efficient estimation methods. However, measurement data may be insufficient or contaminated with large noise, which will fundamentally limit the estimation accuracy. This work explores the theoretical precision limits of the topology and admittance estimation (TAE) problem with different measurement devices, noise levels, and numbers of measurements. On this basis, we propose a conservative progressive self-adaptive (CPS) algorithm to estimate the topology and admittance. The results on IEEE 33 and 141-bus systems validate that the proposed CPS method can approach the theoretical precision limits under various measurement settings.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 4","pages":"297-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10336732","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139060262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimating Battery State of Health with 10-Min Relaxation Voltage Across Various Charging States of Charge 用 10 分钟弛豫电压估算各种充电状态下的电池健康状况
iEnergy Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2023.0034
Xinhong Feng;Yongzhi Zhang;Rui Xiong;Aihua Tang
{"title":"Estimating Battery State of Health with 10-Min Relaxation Voltage Across Various Charging States of Charge","authors":"Xinhong Feng;Yongzhi Zhang;Rui Xiong;Aihua Tang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0034","DOIUrl":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0034","url":null,"abstract":"Battery capacity assessment is a crucial research direction in the field of lithium-ion battery applications. In the previous research, a novel data-driven state of health (SOH) estimation method based on the voltage relaxation curve at full charging is developed. The experimental results have shown the evidence of the superiority of accurate battery SOH estimation based on physical features derived from equivalent circuit models (ECMs). However, the earlier research has limitations in estimating battery capacity with a diversity of battery charging states of charge. This study represents an extension of the previous work, aiming to investigate the feasibility of this technology for battery degradation evaluation under various charging states so that the application capability in practice is enhanced. In this study, six ECM features are extracted from 10-min voltage relaxation data across varying charging states to characterize the battery degradation evolution. Gaussian process regression (GPR) is employed to learn the relationship between the physical features and battery SOH. Experimental results under 10 different state of charge (SOC) ranges show that the developed methodology predicts accurate battery SOH, with a root mean square error being 0.9%.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 4","pages":"308-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10315081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135610936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Major strategies for improving the performance of perovskite solar cells 提高钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的主要策略
iEnergy Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2023.0026
Lixiu Zhang;Hang Li;Kai Zhang;Wenzhe Li;Chuantian Zuo;George Omololu Odunmbaku;Jingde Chen;Cong Chen;Luozheng Zhang;Ru Li;Yuping Gao;Baomin Xu;Jiangzhao Chen;Yongsheng Liu;Yang Wang;Yanlin Song;Jianxin Tang;Feng Gao;Qing Zhao;Yong Peng;Mingzhen Liu;Lei Tao;Yuelong Li;Zhimin Fang;Ming Cheng;Kuan Sun;Dewei Zhao;Yixin Zhao;Shihe Yang;Chenyi Yi;Liming Ding
{"title":"Major strategies for improving the performance of perovskite solar cells","authors":"Lixiu Zhang;Hang Li;Kai Zhang;Wenzhe Li;Chuantian Zuo;George Omololu Odunmbaku;Jingde Chen;Cong Chen;Luozheng Zhang;Ru Li;Yuping Gao;Baomin Xu;Jiangzhao Chen;Yongsheng Liu;Yang Wang;Yanlin Song;Jianxin Tang;Feng Gao;Qing Zhao;Yong Peng;Mingzhen Liu;Lei Tao;Yuelong Li;Zhimin Fang;Ming Cheng;Kuan Sun;Dewei Zhao;Yixin Zhao;Shihe Yang;Chenyi Yi;Liming Ding","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Metal halide perovskite solar cell (PSC) has successfully distinguished itself in optoelectronic field by virtue of the sharp rise in power conversion efficiency over the past decade. The remarkable efficiency breakthrough at such a fast speed can be mainly attributed to the comprehensive study on film deposition techniques, especially the effective management of surface and interfacial defects in recent works. Herein, we summarized the current trends in performance enhancement for PSCs, with a focus on the generally applicable strategies in high-performance works, involving deposition methods, compositional engineering, additive engineering, crystallization manipulation, charge transport material selection, interfacial passivation, optical coupling effect and constructing tandem solar cells. Promising directions and perspectives are also provided.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 3","pages":"172-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71903498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Climate simulation resolutions impact on future system reliability assessment 气候模拟分辨率对未来系统可靠性评估的影响
iEnergy Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2023.0033
Haoxiang Zhu;Haiwang Zhon
{"title":"Climate simulation resolutions impact on future system reliability assessment","authors":"Haoxiang Zhu;Haiwang Zhon","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing global concerns, and the energy sector plays a pivotal role in facilitating decarbonization. Nevertheless, climate change also exerts significant challenges on the energy sector, including ensuring the availability of energy resources, accommodating the expansion of electricity demand, and enhancing the power grid resilience. With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, the interdependence between energy and climate systems has become even stronger. To address these challenges and ensure a sustainable and resilient future for our energy system, it is crucial to develop a reliable and rigorous approach to model and assess the impacts of climate change on power systems. Researchers in the field of climate- energy research have analyzed the impact of climate change on energy networks in multiple aspects, and they rely heavily on reliable climate projections.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 3","pages":"164-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71903496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Data-driven modeling of power system dynamics: Challenges, state of the art, and future work 电力系统动力学的数据驱动建模:挑战、现状和未来工作
iEnergy Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2023.0023
Heqing Huang;Yuzhang Lin;Yifan Zhou;Yue Zhao;Peng Zhang;Lingling Fan
{"title":"Data-driven modeling of power system dynamics: Challenges, state of the art, and future work","authors":"Heqing Huang;Yuzhang Lin;Yifan Zhou;Yue Zhao;Peng Zhang;Lingling Fan","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0023","url":null,"abstract":"With the continual deployment of power-electronics-interfaced renewable energy resources, increasing privacy concerns due to deregulation of electricity markets, and the diversification of demand-side activities, traditional knowledge-based power system dynamic modeling methods are faced with unprecedented challenges. Data-driven modeling has been increasingly studied in recent years because of its lesser need for prior knowledge, higher capability of handling large-scale systems, and better adaptability to variations of system operating conditions. This paper discusses about the motivations and the generalized process of data-driven modeling, and provides a comprehensive overview of various state-of-the-art techniques and applications. It also comparatively presents the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and provides insight into outstanding challenges and possible research directions for the future.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 3","pages":"200-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71903499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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