IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems最新文献_第10页

Robust Track-to-Track Association Using Graph Representation Learning for T/R–R Compact HFSWR 基于图表示学习的T/ R-R紧凑型HFSWR鲁棒轨迹关联

IF 3.5

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-10-08 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3741323

Weifeng Sun;Jindi Li;Xiaotong Li;Jianyi Ma;Yubin Zhou;Yonggang Ji;Weimin Huang

{"title":"Robust Track-to-Track Association Using Graph Representation Learning for T/R–R Compact HFSWR","authors":"Weifeng Sun;Jindi Li;Xiaotong Li;Jianyi Ma;Yubin Zhou;Yonggang Ji;Weimin Huang","doi":"10.1109/TRS.2026.3741323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRS.2026.3741323","url":null,"abstract":"Track-to-track association is a fundamental task in maritime surveillance using networked, compact, high-frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) systems. The large measurement uncertainties of these systems often cause traditional kinematics-based association methods to produce false associations in scenarios involving multiple closely spaced targets. To address this issue, this study proposes a graph representation learning-based framework for robust track-to-track association. Each candidate track is modeled as a local graph that encodes its spatiotemporal relationships with neighboring tracks, and the association problem is formulated as an intergraph matching task. In particular, candidate tracks are partitioned into temporal track slices, and vertex representations are constructed by combining statistical features with temporal features extracted using a 1-D convolutional neural network. Graph attention networks (GATs) are then employed to obtain graph-level embeddings for paired track graphs. Intergraph relationships are further modeled via similarity learning between vertex embeddings, enabling effective matching under uncertainty. Finally, the learned representations are used for slice-level association, and track-level decisions are obtained by aggregating slice-level results. Preliminary experimental results on the multisource track association dataset (MTAD) demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an association accuracy of 95.15%, outperforming the kinematics-based, topology-based, and graph neural network-based association methods included for comparison.","PeriodicalId":100645,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems","volume":"4 ","pages":"1774-1784"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149250157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

One-Bit SAR Imaging via ℓ2-Regularized Sparse Logistic Regression With Nonconvex Penalty 基于非凸惩罚的2正则化稀疏逻辑回归的1位SAR成像

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3682250

Shaodi Ge;Afeng Yang;Fengjiao Gan;Nan Jiang;Jiahua Zhu;Xiaotao Huang

{"title":"One-Bit SAR Imaging via ℓ2-Regularized Sparse Logistic Regression With Nonconvex Penalty","authors":"Shaodi Ge;Afeng Yang;Fengjiao Gan;Nan Jiang;Jiahua Zhu;Xiaotao Huang","doi":"10.1109/TRS.2026.3682250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRS.2026.3682250","url":null,"abstract":"One-bit sampling enables high acquisition rates, low data volume, and inexpensive hardware, making it appealing for lightweight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. However, since only sign information is retained, while most amplitude and phase details are lost, existing one-bit sparse imaging methods are highly sensitive to noise and quantization-induced distortions, which undermines optimization stability and increases reconstruction difficulty. To address these issues, we propose an <inline-formula> <tex-math>$ell _{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-regularized sparse logistic regression with a minimax concave penalty (SLR-MCP) for one-bit sparse imaging. The model uses a logistic likelihood to enforce sign consistency and remains differentiable for gradient-based solvers. The <inline-formula> <tex-math>$ell _{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> regularization term improves numerical stability and reduces overfitting, while the MCP term further enhances sparse representation and improves reconstruction fidelity. A 2-D clustered coupling further captures spatial correlations and suppresses isolated artifacts. The optimization is performed using Nesterov’s accelerated gradient (NAG) with adaptive line search, ensuring stable and fast convergence. The proposed method applies to both raw one-bit measurements and nonsign data derived from one-bit quantized samples after preprocessing while preserving effective imaging quality. Simulation studies and imaging experiments on measured datasets demonstrate high-quality reconstructions, strong robustness, and good generalization capability.","PeriodicalId":100645,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems","volume":"4 ","pages":"814-828"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Doppler Information Contributes to SAR Wavenumbers 多普勒信息如何影响SAR波数

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3683178

Margaret Cheney;Ryan Moll;Matthew Ferrara;Joseph Geisz

引用次数: 0

BFSK CW Waveform Exhibiting Almost Perfect Periodic Autocorrelation BFSK连续波波形表现出几乎完美的周期自相关

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3686447

Nadav Levanon

引用次数: 0

Multisensor Fusion for Extended Object Tracking Exploiting Active and Passive Radio Signals 利用主动和被动无线电信号的扩展目标跟踪多传感器融合

IF 3.5

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-18 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3705156

Hong Zhu;Alexander Venus;Erik Leitinger;Klaus Witrisal

{"title":"Multisensor Fusion for Extended Object Tracking Exploiting Active and Passive Radio Signals","authors":"Hong Zhu;Alexander Venus;Erik Leitinger;Klaus Witrisal","doi":"10.1109/TRS.2026.3705156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRS.2026.3705156","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable and robust positioning of radio devices remains a challenging task due to multipath propagation, hardware impairments, and interference from other radio transmitters. A frequently overlooked but critical factor is the agent itself, e.g., the user carrying the device, who potentially obstructs line-of-sight (LOS) links to the base stations (anchors). This article addresses the problem of accurate positioning in scenarios where LOS links are partially blocked by the agent. The agent is modeled as an extended object (EO) that scatters, attenuates, and blocks radio signals. We propose a Bayesian method that fuses “active” measurements (between device and anchors) with “passive” multistatic radar-type measurements (between anchors, reflected by the EO). To handle measurement origin uncertainty, we introduce a multisensor and multiple-measurement probabilistic data association (PDA) algorithm that jointly fuses all EO-related measurements. Furthermore, we develop an EO model tailored to agents such as human users, accounting for multiple reflections scattered off the body surface, and propose a simplified variant for low-complexity implementation. Evaluation on both synthetic and real radio measurements demonstrates that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional PDA methods based on point target assumptions, particularly during and after obstructed LOS (OLOS) conditions.","PeriodicalId":100645,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems","volume":"4 ","pages":"1181-1198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11570960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148443116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On Unified CRLB Framework From Generic Signals to ISAC Waveforms With Virtual Array Sensing 基于虚拟阵列传感的通用信号到ISAC波形的统一CRLB框架

IF 3.5

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-18 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3705154

Yanpeng Su;Norman Franchi;Maximilian Lübke

{"title":"On Unified CRLB Framework From Generic Signals to ISAC Waveforms With Virtual Array Sensing","authors":"Yanpeng Su;Norman Franchi;Maximilian Lübke","doi":"10.1109/TRS.2026.3705154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRS.2026.3705154","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a unified Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) framework for signal-level parameters in integrated sensing and communications (ISACs)-enabled radar systems. Starting from the generic signal model, we analyze the coupling between delay and Doppler in the Fisher information matrix (FIM), which is unsolved and often overlooked in relevant studies. Addressing this issue, we derive the conditions under which the coupling terms can be eliminated and demonstrate that these conditions are typically satisfied for ISAC-enabled waveforms. Afterward, the CRLBs of representative ISAC waveforms are derived within the unified framework, enabling consistent and comparable analysis across the waveforms and avoiding model-dependent discrepancies. Furthermore, the framework is extended to virtual array (VA) sensing systems, where the impact of different multiplexing schemes is analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate the consistency between the CRLBs derived from the proposed framework and those obtained from waveform-specific analyses. The proposed framework shows strong generality, waveform compatibility, and flexibility, offering a versatile tool for the CRLB analysis of various waveforms, including those lacking existing analytical results.","PeriodicalId":100645,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems","volume":"4 ","pages":"1141-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148443169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel Nondestructive Evaluation of Corrosion on Rebar Embedded in Mortar Wall Using 10-GHz Doppler Sensor 基于10ghz多普勒传感器的新型砂浆墙内钢筋腐蚀无损评估

IF 3.5

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-03 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3699690

Taisei Watanabe;Ryosuke Suga

引用次数: 0

Omnidirectional Imaging FMCW Radar System for Rescue Robotics 救援机器人全向成像FMCW雷达系统

IF 3.5

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-16 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3714186

Marc Hamme;Leon Hülsmann;Tobias T. Braun;Nils Pohl

{"title":"Omnidirectional Imaging FMCW Radar System for Rescue Robotics","authors":"Marc Hamme;Leon Hülsmann;Tobias T. Braun;Nils Pohl","doi":"10.1109/TRS.2026.3714186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRS.2026.3714186","url":null,"abstract":"A compact real aperture omnidirectional imaging radar system for use in robotic search and rescue operations is presented. This system uses an ultrawideband frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar sensor operating at 80 GHz and a mechanically steered lens-mirror antenna configuration to capture images comparable to 360° photographs. The antenna configuration is optimized for a compact footprint on a mobile robot and a small moment of inertia for fast scans. The directivity of the lens-mirror arrangement is characterized, and the influence of the mirror dimensions on sidelobes is investigated. This reveals spillover effects that are inversely proportional to mirror size. Key factors that influence the scan time are investigated, including the chirp repetition rate of the radar sensor and the time required to change the direction of the radar beam. The investigation shows a compromise between FMCW bandwidth and scan time. A signal processing method that addresses the processing steps from input samples to output images is presented, with a focus on the detection process. This process uses range and image data to determine the detection threshold. The imaging system is applied in a rescue robotics scenario to demonstrate its ability to visualize human shapes and complex indoor environments with scan times of up to 2 min.","PeriodicalId":100645,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems","volume":"4 ","pages":"1426-1435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11612962","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148781107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Velocity Information Geometry of Coherent Intra-CPI Waveform Agility 相干cpi内波形敏捷性的速度信息几何

IF 3.5

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-14 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3724110

Charles E. Thornton

{"title":"Velocity Information Geometry of Coherent Intra-CPI Waveform Agility","authors":"Charles E. Thornton","doi":"10.1109/TRS.2026.3724110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRS.2026.3724110","url":null,"abstract":"Spectrum sharing forces radars to vary carrier frequency and bandwidth on a pulse-to-pulse basis within a coherent processing interval (CPI). While the resulting range-Doppler distortion is well-studied, the corresponding velocity-estimation limit is not. We show that in the resolved-bin slow-time model of coherent agile-CPI processing, the effective Fisher information for radial velocity is the SNR-weighted energy of the carrier–time lever arm that survives projection out of the range and phase nuisance subspace. The carrier sequence thus sets the projection geometry, while the bandwidth sequence enters only through SNR weighting. Two consequences follow. First, the carrier sequence inflates the bound by a closed-form factor governed by the correlation between carrier offset and slow time: randomized or orthogonalized hops are nearly harmless, while ramp-correlated hops can severely degrade velocity information. Second, under matched filtering at equal pulse energy, the velocity Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) is invariant to the bandwidth sequence; a corollary recasts the output-SNR loss of agile-CPI mismatched filtering as a processing cost entering only through a per-pulse mismatch loss. The bound is verified against a brute-force Fisher matrix and Monte Carlo maximum-likelihood estimation. The result yields a design principle: carrier hopping should be chosen not only for spectral coexistence but also to preserve the velocity-information residual.","PeriodicalId":100645,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems","volume":"4 ","pages":"1452-1456"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148836797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

C-PIWDnet: A Conditional PINN for NLFM Waveform Design in Target Tracking C-PIWDnet：一种用于NLFM目标跟踪波形设计的条件PINN

IF 3.5

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-17 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3714490

Qidi Pan;Jing Liang;Zinan Wang

{"title":"C-PIWDnet: A Conditional PINN for NLFM Waveform Design in Target Tracking","authors":"Qidi Pan;Jing Liang;Zinan Wang","doi":"10.1109/TRS.2026.3714490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRS.2026.3714490","url":null,"abstract":"The adaptive waveform design is essential for cognitive radar to achieve high-precision target tracking in dynamic environments. However, conventional optimization-based methods typically require reoptimization when the scenario changes, while existing deep learning approaches often fail to enforce physical constraints required for radar implementation. To address these limitations, we propose a conditional physics-informed neural network (C-PIWDnet) for nonlinear frequency modulation (NLFM) waveform design. Specifically, this framework transforms the problem from a discrete parameter search into a continuous functional optimization. The theoretical foundation relies on a variational analysis of the Fisher-information criterion, which yields a parameterized ordinary differential equation (ODE) that links the target state to the waveform phase. C-PIWDnet embeds this equation directly into its loss function as a physical constraint, learning a continuous state-to-phase mapping conditioned on target states. Furthermore, to resolve phase-dependent coefficients, a nested training strategy is developed to guarantee stable convergence and hardware compliance. This approach enables direct waveform generation for multiple targets without scenario-specific retraining. Numerical simulations show that C-PIWDnet simultaneously improves tracking accuracy and reduces computational latency compared with conventional methods. Hardware experiments on an IF transceiver confirm the physical realizability of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":100645,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems","volume":"4 ","pages":"1334-1348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148628245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0