IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems最新文献

Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-Based, K-Band Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) 基于无人机的k波段干涉合成孔径雷达（SAR）

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3661483

Yaxuan Li;Ali Bekar;Marco Martorella;Michail Antoniou

引用次数: 0

FMCW Radar Interference Mitigation Based on the Fractional Fourier Transform 基于分数阶傅里叶变换的FMCW雷达干扰抑制

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-02-18 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3666094

Christian Oswald;Franz Pernkopf

引用次数: 0

Adaptive Detection of Range-Spread Targets With Phase Uncertainty via Semidefinite Programming 基于半定规划的相位不确定距离扩展目标自适应检测

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3664505

Tao Jian;Jia He;Haipeng Wang;Guangfen Wei;Xiaoming Tang

{"title":"Adaptive Detection of Range-Spread Targets With Phase Uncertainty via Semidefinite Programming","authors":"Tao Jian;Jia He;Haipeng Wang;Guangfen Wei;Xiaoming Tang","doi":"10.1109/TRS.2026.3664505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRS.2026.3664505","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the adaptive detection problem of range-spread targets in Gaussian clutter, where the target complex amplitudes, the steering vectors, and the clutter covariance matrix (CCM) are all unknown. Specifically, the steering vectors exhibit a complex exponential structure with uncertain phase components. Following the two-step generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) approach, two adaptive detectors are devised: one is designed to handle the scenarios where the phase is completely unknown, while the other is tailored to accommodate the situations where partial information about the phase is available. By exploiting the fundamental properties of trigonometric polynomials, we reformulate the original nonconvex optimization problem about phase into a computationally tractable semidefinite programming (SDP) framework, facilitating efficient convex optimization. Numerical results demonstrate that the two designed detectors maintain constant false alarm rate (CFAR) properties with respect to the unknown CCM. Compared to the existing one-step SDP-based GLRT detector, the proposed detectors demonstrate superior performance at high signal-to-clutter ratios (SCRs), albeit with some performance degradation in low SCR scenarios. However, as the number of training data increases, the performance advantages of both proposed detectors become increasingly pronounced relative to the existing detectors.","PeriodicalId":100645,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems","volume":"4 ","pages":"515-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147299503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptive Doppler Estimation for Random PRI Staggering With Clutter Cancellation 杂波抵消随机PRI交错的自适应多普勒估计

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3664255

Lumumba A. Harnett;Brandon Ravenscroft;David G. Felton;Patrick M. McCormick;Jonathan W. Owen;Shannon D. Blunt

引用次数: 0

Radar-Based 3-D Spatial Estimation Using Uniquely Identifiable Doppler Tags 使用唯一可识别多普勒标签的基于雷达的三维空间估计

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3662782

Theresa Antes;Alexander Backes;Thomas Zwick;Benjamin Nuss

{"title":"Radar-Based 3-D Spatial Estimation Using Uniquely Identifiable Doppler Tags","authors":"Theresa Antes;Alexander Backes;Thomas Zwick;Benjamin Nuss","doi":"10.1109/TRS.2026.3662782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRS.2026.3662782","url":null,"abstract":"3-D spatial information, such as position and orientation estimation, is essential for autonomous systems operating in dynamic and unstructured environments. In this context, radar sensors, known for their robustness to environmental conditions such as dust, fog, and varying lighting, offer promising capabilities for spatial awareness. Therefore, this article presents a radar-based approach for 3-D positioning and orientation estimation using fast-chirp frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FC-FMCW) radar in conjunction with uniquely identifiable Doppler tags. They enable simultaneous identification and high-accuracy range estimation of multiple tagged reference points. The range information is extracted in signal processing while suppressing interference from static objects and other tags. Positioning with four tags is demonstrated as a well-investigated application, while orientation estimation—typically less explored in radar systems—is addressed using a two-tag geometry. Experimental results validate the feasibility and accuracy of the approaches, showing potential for scalable deployment in an industrial context. The findings highlight the capability of radar-tag systems to provide accurate and reliable spatial information and extend their applicability.","PeriodicalId":100645,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems","volume":"4 ","pages":"525-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147299529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Radar Angular Resolution Within Single Beamwidth via Nonlinear Wavefront Modulation: A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation 非线性波前调制提高单波束宽度雷达角分辨率的理论与实验研究

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3662063

Yuepeng Wu;Mengyang Shi;Yesheng Gao;Bin Yuan;Xingzhao Liu

{"title":"Enhancing Radar Angular Resolution Within Single Beamwidth via Nonlinear Wavefront Modulation: A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation","authors":"Yuepeng Wu;Mengyang Shi;Yesheng Gao;Bin Yuan;Xingzhao Liu","doi":"10.1109/TRS.2026.3662063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRS.2026.3662063","url":null,"abstract":"Overcoming the angular resolution limitations imposed by antenna apertures remains a critical challenge in radar systems. The nonlinear wavefront modulation technique enables angular resolution beyond the limitations of antenna beamwidths while maintaining the physical aperture size. This article proposes a novel method to enhance angular resolution within a single beamwidth by employing nonlinear wavefront modulation and investigates both the theoretical and experimental aspects of this technology. First, a wavefront modulation signal model is established, and the resolution enhancement factor (REF) is defined to quantify the performance of angular resolution enhancement. Two analytical criteria—the subspace distance criterion and Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) criterion—are proposed to evaluate resolution performance. An <inline-formula> <tex-math>$L$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band verification system is constructed, and experiments are conducted in a microwave anechoic chamber. Results validate the angular resolution enhancement principle and confirm the system’s ability to resolve multiple targets within the single beamwidth in both azimuth and elevation. In the experiment, our method successfully discriminates multiple targets with a minimum azimuth separation of 1.08° and a minimum elevation separation of 5.14°, despite the broad beamwidths of the receiving antenna (67° in azimuth and 98° in elevation). Finally, a comprehensive analysis assesses the system under varying signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), numbers of wavefront modulation states, and calibration errors. This study provides a rigorous foundation for the principles and engineering implementation of nonlinear wavefront modulation, offering significant utility for future radar system design.","PeriodicalId":100645,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems","volume":"4 ","pages":"495-514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Investigation of a Metasurface-Enabled Broadband Impedance Matching for Efficient GPR Signal Transmission 面向探地雷达信号高效传输的超表面宽带阻抗匹配设计与研究

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3662295

Neha Singh;Amitabha Bhattacharya

{"title":"Design and Investigation of a Metasurface-Enabled Broadband Impedance Matching for Efficient GPR Signal Transmission","authors":"Neha Singh;Amitabha Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1109/TRS.2026.3662295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRS.2026.3662295","url":null,"abstract":"The impedance discontinuity at the air–ground interface leads to strong reflections, which reduce the energy coupled to the subsurface and, hence, limit the penetration depth of the radar signal. Metasurfaces have shown significant potential in enhancing the transmission of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) signals into the subsurface by enabling a gradual impedance transition from air to the ground. This article presents an electrically thin bilayer metasurface with a passive substrate, designed and optimized for effective impedance matching with enhanced transmission and reduced reflection. The proposed structure achieves a transmission bandwidth of 70.83% over the frequency range of 0.62–1.3 GHz, while satisfying the antireflection criterion <inline-formula> <tex-math>$Rleq 0.1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for varying ground characteristics. It is designed to operate at relatively lower frequencies, which allows deeper subsurface detection compared to existing solutions. Moreover, its broadband feature ensures stable performance across a wide frequency range, enabling reliable detection under varying soil conditions. Experimental investigations were conducted to validate the simulation outcomes, focusing on pipe detection in subsurface environments. The results confirm the practical effectiveness and robustness of the proposed metasurface in realistic scenarios.","PeriodicalId":100645,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems","volume":"4 ","pages":"486-494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11373599","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SAR-PMAE: Phase-Modulation-Guided Adversarial Example Generation for SAR Images 相位调制制导SAR图像对抗样例生成

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3657792

Jiahao Cui;Wang Guo;Qi Wang;Keyi Zhang;Lingquan Meng;Haifeng Li

{"title":"SAR-PMAE: Phase-Modulation-Guided Adversarial Example Generation for SAR Images","authors":"Jiahao Cui;Wang Guo;Qi Wang;Keyi Zhang;Lingquan Meng;Haifeng Li","doi":"10.1109/TRS.2026.3657792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRS.2026.3657792","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of adversarial examples can cause synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image classification systems to produce incorrect predictions, severely compromising their accuracy and robustness. However, existing adversarial example generation methods for SAR images often suffer from limited physical interpretability, low perturbation energy utilization, and insufficient perturbation stealthiness. To address the above issues, this article proposes SAR-PMAE, a phase-modulation-guided adversarial example generation method for SAR images. In particular, to tackle the lack of physical interpretability, a phase-modulation strategy based on the point-target scattering model is employed, coupling adversarial perturbations with the EM scattering mechanism to enhance their physical interpretability; to improve perturbation energy utilization, a local focusing strategy is adopted, in which foreground targets are precisely segmented and centered via a watershed algorithm combined with morphological operations, concentrating perturbations in strong response regions and avoiding redundant energy dispersion into background clutter; and to enhance perturbation stealthiness, constraints are applied separately to the phase in the complex coherent domain, thereby maximally preserving SAR speckle statistics and improving perturbation concealment. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves an average untargeted attack success rate (ASR) of 55.53% and a targeted ASR of 20.92% across ten classifiers based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and Transformer architectures, while exhibiting strong attack transferability. The complete implementation is publicly available at <uri>https://github.com/muzhengcui/SAR-PMAE</uri>","PeriodicalId":100645,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems","volume":"4 ","pages":"407-429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spin Estimation and 3-D Geometry Reconstruction Using Multiperspective Space-Borne Sub-THz Interferometric Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar 基于星载亚太赫兹干涉反合成孔径雷达的自旋估计与三维几何重建

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3657920

Bangjie Zhang;Marina S. Gashinova;Marco Martorella

{"title":"Spin Estimation and 3-D Geometry Reconstruction Using Multiperspective Space-Borne Sub-THz Interferometric Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar","authors":"Bangjie Zhang;Marina S. Gashinova;Marco Martorella","doi":"10.1109/TRS.2026.3657920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRS.2026.3657920","url":null,"abstract":"Sub-terahertz (sub-THz) radar enables high-resolution and highly detailed imaging of space objects, offering substantial advantages for space domain awareness (SDA). Accurate estimation of spin motion and 3-D geometry of noncooperative space targets is essential for SDA tasks such as target characterization, autonomous rendezvous, and proximity operation (RPO), and debris removal. Interferometric ISAR (InISAR), which generates 3-D images in the form of point clouds, can also resolve the effective rotation vector—defined as the component of the total rotation vector perpendicular to the line of sight (LOS). This component is critical for 2-D image scaling and for enhancing understanding of the imaging projection plane (IPP). However, the component along the LOS remains unknown, which limits the ability to fully exploit multiperspective ISAR imaging to characterize targets. In this article, a novel spin estimation framework is proposed based on multiperspective InISAR, which leverages viewing angle diversity during on-orbit observation to resolve the total rotation vector of space targets. The proposed method performs InISAR imaging and the estimation of the effective rotation vector for each perspective, followed by the combination of effective rotation vectors to determine the total rotation vector as a unified least-squares solution. The framework requires no prior 3-D model and achieves robust spin estimation. Both simulation experiments using sub-THz radar parameters and laboratory validation using W-band radar are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, demonstrating its potential for future SDA and on-orbit servicing applications.","PeriodicalId":100645,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems","volume":"4 ","pages":"473-485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Approximation of the Range Ambiguity Function in Near-Field Sensing Systems 近场传感系统中距离模糊函数的逼近

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2026.3657154

Marcin Wachowiak;André Bourdoux;Sofie Pollin

引用次数: 0