{"title":"Current–Voltage Unbalanced Distribution AC Optimal Power Flow for Advanced Distribution Management System Applications","authors":"Zahra Soltani;Mojdeh Khorsand;Shanshan Ma","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2024.3367547","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIA.2024.3367547","url":null,"abstract":"Modern distribution systems are changing from passive load serving networks to active load and generation-inclusive networks. Accurate distribution systems modeling is critical for effective distribution system control, operation, and planning. This article proposes novel nonlinear and convex ac optimal power flow (ACOPF) models based on current–voltage (IVACOPF) formulation for an unbalanced distribution system with distributed energy resources (DERs). In the proposed formulation, untransposed distribution lines, shunt elements of distribution lines, distribution transformers, and DERs are modeled. The proposed nonlinear IVACOPF model is linearized and convexified using the Taylor series. The accuracy of the proposed nonlinear and convex IVACOPF approaches for modeling unbalanced distribution systems is compared with OpenDSS and the widely used LinDistFlow method. The proposed accurate convex IVACOPF model has multiple applications for distribution systems management, planning, and operation. Applications of the proposed model on two key parts of advanced distribution management systems (ADMS)—DERs scheduling and state estimation—are presented in this article. The proposed models are tested on the distribution feeder of an electric utility in Arizona with 2100 primary nodes and a large number of rooftop photovoltaic units. The results confirm the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed IVACOPF for both examined ADMS applications.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"5 ","pages":"155-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10440561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dennis Erdogan;Zhang Peng Du;Stefan Jakubek;Franz Holzinger;Christian Mayr;Christoph Hametner
{"title":"Experimental Validation of Innovative Control Concepts for Powertrain Test Beds in Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Configuration","authors":"Dennis Erdogan;Zhang Peng Du;Stefan Jakubek;Franz Holzinger;Christian Mayr;Christoph Hametner","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2024.3366524","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIA.2024.3366524","url":null,"abstract":"Power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) testing has become indispensable for the rapid, modular, and cost-saving development of automotive components. This article focuses on PHIL tests composed of entire powertrains that exchange speed and torque signals with vehicle simulations. Previous studies pointed out the importance of promptly following the references from the virtual simulation environment to replicate realistic driving conditions and introduced control strategies to cope with the challenges associated with this setup. However, a comprehensive comparison of the different control strategies has not yet been carried out. To fill this gap, the concepts are first investigated in-depth in simulations and are then, rigorously validated on a state-of-the-art powertrain test bed under highly dynamic driving scenarios, including full-braking. Furthermore, an improvement of existing shaft torque control approaches, which are mainly based on feedforward control, is proposed to better compete with the other methods. The proposed extension shows higher resilience to low accuracy of torque actuators, while the other concepts exhibit greater robustness against time delays. The results from the direct comparisons are summarized and allow the appropriate selection of control strategies for specific use cases.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"5 ","pages":"128-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10438857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139956910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandro Faro;Alessandro Lidozzi;Marco di Benedetto;Luca Solero;Stefano Bifaretti
{"title":"Analytical Delay Evaluation for FPGA-Based Repetitive Controller in AC Variable Frequency Applications","authors":"Alessandro Faro;Alessandro Lidozzi;Marco di Benedetto;Luca Solero;Stefano Bifaretti","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2024.3366415","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIA.2024.3366415","url":null,"abstract":"Repetitive controller provides a very low third harmonic dimension in the quantities under control. It exhibits an inherent issue when operated to track variable frequency references. The article deals with the analysis of the operating conditions when the controller is executed at variable frequency without any resynchronization with respect to the pulsewidth modulation carrier, which is the most common mode of operation. The delays introduced are then evaluated analytically concerning the sampling and output frequency that must be tracked. The proposed analysis allows obtaining the maximum delay affecting the control chain, which was introduced by the repetitive control desynched operation. The knowledge of the delay introduced in the control loops is at the basis of any control tuning procedure and gains selection, even when adaptive control strategies are used.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"5 ","pages":"117-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10437987","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Command Injection Attacks in Smart Grids: A Survey","authors":"Muhammad Usama;Muhammad Naveed Aman","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2024.3365576","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIA.2024.3365576","url":null,"abstract":"Cybersecurity is important in the realization of various smart grid technologies. Several studies have been conducted to discuss different types of cyberattacks and provide their countermeasures. The false command injection attack (FCIA) is considered one of the most critical attacks that have been studied. Various techniques have been proposed in the literature to detect FCIAs on different components of smart grids. The predominant focus of current surveys lies on FCIAs and detection techniques for such attacks. This article presents a survey of existing works on FCIAs and classifies FCIAs in smart grids according to the targeted component. The impacts of FCIAs on smart grids are also discussed. Subsequently, this article provides an extensive review of detection studies, categorizing them based on the type of detection technique employed.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"5 ","pages":"75-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10433776","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xingxuan Huang;Dingrui Li;Min Lin;Leon M. Tolbert;Fred Wang;William Giewont
{"title":"Desat Protection With Ultrafast Response for High-Voltage SiC MOSFETs With High dv/dt","authors":"Xingxuan Huang;Dingrui Li;Min Lin;Leon M. Tolbert;Fred Wang;William Giewont","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2024.3353309","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIA.2024.3353309","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a desat protection scheme with the ultrafast response for high-voltage (>3.3 kV) SiC MOSFETs. Its working principle is the same as the conventional desat protection designed for high-voltage SiC MOSFETs, yet its blanking time is implemented by fully considering the influence of high negative \u0000<italic>dv<sub>ds</sub>/dt</i>\u0000 during the fast turn-\u0000<sc>on</small>\u0000 transient. With the same circuitry as the conventional desat protection, the proposed protection scheme can significantly shorten the response time of the desat protection when it is used to protect high-voltage SiC MOSFETs. In addition, the proposed protection scheme with ultrafast response features strong noise immunity, low-cost, and simple implementation. By taking advantage of the high \u0000<italic>dv/dt</i>\u0000 during the normal turn-\u0000<sc>on</small>\u0000 transients, the proposed protection scheme can be even faster when the MOSFET has a faster switching speed. Design details and the response speed analysis under various short circuit faults are presented in detail. A half bridge phase leg based on discrete 10 kV/20 A SiC MOSFETs is built to demonstrate the proposed protection scheme. Experimental results at 6.5 kV validate the ultrafast response (115 ns response time under a hard switching fault, 155 ns response time under a fault under load), and strong noise immunity of the proposed desat protection scheme.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"5 ","pages":"94-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10411019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shane Winters;Nikung Thapa;Luke D. Doucette;Jonathan Kincaid;Qingsong Cui;Nuri W. Emanetoglu;Mauricio Pereira da Cunha
{"title":"High-Temperature Wireless Sensor Platform Powered by Energy Scavenging","authors":"Shane Winters;Nikung Thapa;Luke D. Doucette;Jonathan Kincaid;Qingsong Cui;Nuri W. Emanetoglu;Mauricio Pereira da Cunha","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2024.3356311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2024.3356311","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports on the development of key components required for a self-powered oscillator unit designed to wirelessly transmit its signal under full insertion in high-temperature (HT) harsh-environments (HE), such as those present in power plants and industrial settings (metallurgic, oil extraction, molding, and aerospace). The oscillator employed a silicon carbide power transistor and HT passive components on a screen-printed alumina circuit board capable of operation beyond 300 °C. The HT oscillator circuit was powered solely by in-situ energy-scavenging thermoelectric generator (TEG) modules using passive cooling, eliminating the need for an external power supply or active cooling. In addition, a silicon-based external booster circuit was used to achieve the required TEG voltage regulation to test the TEG-powered HT oscillator circuit. The TEG-powered oscillator circuit was tested inside a nonmetallic furnace from room temperature to over 300 °C for transmission of a wireless signal, which was detected outside the furnace at 11 ft (3.4 m). Such a wireless transmitting system powered only by in-situ TEGs, with no requirement for external power or active cooling, is very attractive for flexible, mobile standalone control and sensor units targeted for operation in HT HE conditions found in power plants and industrial settings.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"5 ","pages":"63-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10409583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139694943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2024.3354451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2024.3354451","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"5 ","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10403404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139488179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advancing Lithium-Ion Battery Health Prognostics With Deep Learning: A Review and Case Study","authors":"Mohamed Massaoudi;Haitham Abu-Rub;Ali Ghrayeb","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2024.3354899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2024.3354899","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion battery prognostics and health management (BPHM) systems are vital to the longevity, economy, and environmental friendliness of electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Recent advancements in deep learning (DL) techniques have shown promising results in addressing the challenges faced by the battery research and innovation community. This review article analyzes the mainstream developments in BPHM using DL techniques. The fundamental concepts of BPHM are discussed, followed by a detailed examination of the emerging DL techniques. A case study using a data-driven DLinear model for state of health estimation is introduced, achieving accurate forecasts with minimal data and high computational efficiency. Finally, the potential future pathways for research and development in BPHM are explored. This review offers a holistic understanding of emerging DL techniques in BPHM and provides valuable insights and guidance for future research endeavors.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"5 ","pages":"43-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10400849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139654440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stefan Wettengel;Andreas Hoffmann;Jonas Kienast;Lars Lindenmüller;Steffen Bernet
{"title":"Topology, Design, and Characteristics of a Modular, Dynamic 100 kA Surge Current Source With Adjustable Current Shape","authors":"Stefan Wettengel;Andreas Hoffmann;Jonas Kienast;Lars Lindenmüller;Steffen Bernet","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2024.3353328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2024.3353328","url":null,"abstract":"To guarantee sufficient surge current fault protection for power electronic converters, power semiconductors have to be tested under appropriate surge current conditions. Standard maximum surge current values include the permissible fault current amplitude, or the \u0000<italic>I</i>\u0000<sup>2</sup>\u0000<italic>t</i>\u0000-value; however, they might not be sufficient to describe a power semiconductor's performance under all potential fault conditions. Surge current sources based on passive components are state-of-the-art, but are limited to usually only one specific current waveform. This article describes the topology and the design of a new modular and highly dynamic surge current source for power semiconductor tests with adjustable current waveforms. The new modular converter concept is introduced, with two potential operation modes: High current mode (HCM) and dynamic current mode (DCM). The requirements for the surge current tester are defined, and the electrical and mechanical design are described, including the modulation scheme and control. Experimental investigations prove the function of the current source with peak currents up to 100 kA (HCM) and the realization of highly dynamic load current trajectories with peak currents up to 50 kA (DCM). The output current ripple is exceptionally small with a theoretical value of below 1%.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"5 ","pages":"29-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10398419","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139572902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roberto Felicetti;Vinícius M. de Albuquerque;Urban Lundin
{"title":"An Alternative Run-Up Strategy for Salient Pole Wound Field Synchronous Machines","authors":"Roberto Felicetti;Vinícius M. de Albuquerque;Urban Lundin","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2024.3352134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2024.3352134","url":null,"abstract":"Salient pole wound field synchronous motors find many industrial applications, thanks to their favorable characteristics: reactive power regulation, stiff mechanical characteristic, and overall outstanding efficiency. Nevertheless, their competitiveness toward the induction motors, especially for medium and small power sizes, depends crucially on their capability to be asynchronously started as well. Regrettably, the asynchronous run-up of a synchronous motor can be sometimes very problematic because of thermal issues, torsional vibrations, and grid voltage disturbances. This article presents an alternative method of starting salient pole wound field synchronous machines by activating the field winding in a special manner, which makes it possible to mitigate the three problems at once. The suggested method is validated through a two-dimensional finite elements simulation and by starting a 60-kVA prototype generator. The requirements for the application of the proposed run-up strategy are critically discussed together with related pros and cons.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"5 ","pages":"15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10387787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139572940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}