IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications最新文献

{"title":"EMI-Silent Operation of Triple Active Bridge Converters With Online Model-Free ZVS Optimization and RMS Current Reduction","authors":"Ahmed A. Ibrahim;Michele Darisi;Tommaso Caldognetto;Davide Biadene;Paolo Magnone;Paolo Mattavelli","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3565905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3565905","url":null,"abstract":"Triple active bridge converter, an isolated multiport converter, connects three dc ports via a three-terminal high-frequency transformer, enabling zero voltage switching (ZVS) without the need for additional snubber circuits. However, under certain loading conditions ZVS is lost and rms currents increase. This article introduces a model-free, online optimization method using multi-dimensional ripple correlation control (MD-RCC) to ensure ZVS operation while reducing rms currents. The MD-RCC is an online model-free approach, providing robust performance against parameter uncertainties or operational variations. Two distinct methods are utilized to evaluate the cost function online. The first method involves the oversampling of the transformer currents. The second approach relies on the correlation between the EMI noise level and the hard switching of the devices, providing a simpler alternative to oversampling techniques. The proposed MD-RCC technique has been validated through both simulation and experimental testing on a 5 kW prototype, demonstrating its efficacy in optimizing ZVS, reducing EMI noise, and rms currents.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"249-261"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10980478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black-Start and Hot-Swap Performance Assessment and Improved Control Strategy for Grid-Forming VSC and CSC-Based PV Systems","authors":"Md. Mizanur Rahman;Yasser Abdel-Rady I. Mohamed","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3565826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3565826","url":null,"abstract":"The grid-forming (GFM) control of voltage-source converter (VSC)-based photovoltaic (PV) systems has shown promise in supporting the grid frequency and inertia. However, the literature lacks GFM control development for current-source converter (CSC)-based PV systems and comparisons with the VSC counterpart. In particular, previous studies did not address dynamic performance assessment and comparison under critical operating conditions, such as black-start (autonomous power system restoration) and hot-swap (the transition between isolated and grid-tied modes). Furthermore, previous research did not address the dc- and ac-side stability differences among VSC- and CSC-based GFM PV systems. This article addresses these research gaps by differentiating the dynamic performance and stability of GFM VSC- and CSC-based PV systems under different operating conditions. Furthermore, this article presents active compensators for both GFM systems to enhance their dynamic performance and stability. Compared to the GFM VSC, the GFM CSC provides a better frequency profile under black-start and hot-swap conditions, improved robustness under grid impedance variation, and inherent fast current limitation under faults. Detailed offline and real-time simulation results validate the comparative analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed active damping methods for both GFM systems.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"350-365"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10980456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model-Based Risk Assessment of Power Converters: Case Study of On-Board Battery System for Railway","authors":"Mariam Saeed;Juan Manuel Guerrero;Victor Lopez;David Ortega;Igor Larrazabal;Juan Jose Valera;Ewald Falke;Fernando Briz","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3564730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3564730","url":null,"abstract":"On-board energy storage systems for railway traction are becoming a clear trend for many new rail projects, both for retrofit and new designs. This has raised safety and reliability concerns in railway industry given the novelty of the technology. <italic>Reliability analysis</i> is mostly based on detailed modeling of the physics of failure. However, it is thought for system optimization and does not consider catastrophic and human factor failures. On the other hand, <italic>risk assessment</i> studies are widely used for identifying, analyzing and prioritizing all possible modes of failure. However, they are not based on systems models and are not extendable to other converter topologies or battery configurations. To overcome the limitations of the two aforementioned approaches, this article proposes a method for risk assessment based on systems models. The proposed methodology is applied to study the critical risks of using a multilevel converter topology integrating a configuration of two series low-voltage (<inline-formula><tex-math>$&lt; $</tex-math></inline-formula>1 kV) traction batteries to the dc bus of a train. The proposed approach is directly extendable to any converter topology or battery configuration.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"221-236"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10977972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Converter-Based Supercapacitor Emulator for Photovoltaic Applications","authors":"Paychuda Kritprajun;Leon M. Tolbert;Elizabeth Sutton;Yunting Liu;Jingxin Wang;Nattapat Praisuwanna;Maximiliano Ferrari","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3563688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3563688","url":null,"abstract":"As the utilization of supercapacitors (SCs) in power system applications continues to increase, it is important to observe their behavior under transient and long-term operations to understand their impact on power grids. A real-time reconfigurable hardware testbed (HTB) is a power network emulator that provides flexibility in studying various power system scenarios. This work presents an emulation of a SC for a photovoltaic (PV) system on the HTB platform such that its dynamic behavior during power system scenarios can be observed. The developed emulator on the HTB is verified by comparing the emulation results with the model developed in MATLAB/Simulink. An improvement of grid frequency support control is proposed to enable fast-frequency recovery service provided by a grid-connected PV with SC system. The experimental results of the emulator are consistent with the simulation results under grid support scenarios. This SC emulator can potentially be used for various power system scenarios supporting other research in addition to the PV applications presented in this article.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"178-190"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10978069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and Comparison of Small-Signal Characteristics of Grid-Forming Converter Systems in Two Different Reference Frames","authors":"Anant Narula;Massimo Bongiorno;Paolo Mattavelli;Mebtu Beza;Jan R. Svensson;Wentao Liu","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3564501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3564501","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing penetration of converter-interfaced generation units results in a frequency-weak power system characterized by decreasing system inertia. Consequently, the angular frequency of the power system may deviate from its nominal value, with its dynamics significantly influenced by the various control loops of converters. To accurately conduct small-signal analysis of such power systems, two impedance-based modeling approaches have been proposed in recent years. The first approach derives small-signal models in a synchronously rotating reference frame, also referred to as the <italic>dq</i>-frame, which is defined by the power system's nominal angular frequency. This method characterizes individual converter systems using only their <italic>dq</i>-domain impedance matrix. The second approach, on the other hand, develops small-signal models in a <italic>dq</i>-frame defined by the dynamic angular frequency of the power system. In this case, converter systems are characterized not only by their <italic>dq</i>-impedance matrix but also by an additional transfer matrix that relates variations in the output current to variations in the power system's angular frequency. This leads to different closed-loop transfer matrices for the two approaches, which are used to assess small-signal stability. This article shows, using the derived analytical models, that despite the differences in the closed-loop transfer matrices, the two impedance-based modeling approaches are equivalent and lead to the same conclusions regarding the small-signal stability of the overall system. However, the second approach offers better physical insight into the behavior of converter systems during disturbances. Experimental results are provided to validate the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"206-220"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10976625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced High Switching-Frequency Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter Based Shunt Active Filter for PV Generation: A Case Study","authors":"Nabil Karania;Mohamad Alaaeddin Alali;Stefano Di Gennaro;Jean–Pierre Barbot","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3563851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3563851","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a compact structure ofshunt active photovoltaic filter based on a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (SAF-PV/CHB-MLI) to eliminate electrical perturbations caused by nonlinear loads and to generate MPPT of PV generators. The SAF-PV/CHB-MLI structure, while injecting the maximum current of PV generators, opts to increase the apparent switching frequency, reduces the coupling/output filter size, improves grid-side power quality, generates sinusoidal-like output stepping voltage, and minimizes voltage stresses on IGBTs devices. To achieve these objectives, the SAF-PV/CHB-MLI structure is configured for an HB module per phase/cluster, combined with an appropriate common control strategy for both active filtering and PV generation. The <inline-formula><tex-math>$p - q$</tex-math></inline-formula> current identification algorithm is adapted/modified to include a P&O algorithm for MPPT detection and a developed PLL to ensure reliable operation under grid distortion conditions. The common control strategy comprises three complementary control loops: the injected current controller for perturbation compensation and maximum PV current injection, the individual cluster voltage balancing controller, and the overall dc voltage regulator which is incorporated within the adapted/modified <italic>p</i>-<italic>q</i> algorithm. Then, a multicarriers phase-shifted pulsewidth modulation is adopted to ensure the required individual and apparent switching frequencies, while reducing the sideband harmonic components’ impact. A tradeoff among the HB modules number, IGBTs rating, individual and apparent switching frequencies, and the accumulative output voltage is elaborated to create reliable and economical structure that meets industrial application recommendations. To validate the proposed structure's performance, a case study is conducted for textile industrial factory suffering from harmonic impact on its main sensitive load (SL) textile machine of almost 50 kVA; site measurements using power-quality analyzer devices are collected. A numerical model of the factory's network was developed to investigate the proposed structure performance on SL.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"262-280"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10975133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Transferred Potentials on Substation Fences","authors":"Erika Stracqualursi;Rodolfo Araneo;Massimo Mitolo","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3562702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3562702","url":null,"abstract":"Grounding systems play a critical role in ensuring the safety and reliability of power systems, particularly in substations, where public access poses a significant risk. This article presents a computational study of grounding configurations for substation fences, based on guidelines from the IEEE Std 80-2000. A specialized code was developed and tested to simulate various grounding scenarios, including cases where the fence is connected to or isolated from the substation's grounding grid. The study examines key parameters, such as touch and surface potentials under fault conditions. Prospective and simulation results on five distinct fence grounding setups are presented. The article highlights the effectiveness of the developed code in accurately predicting hazardous conditions, providing valuable insights for optimizing substation grounding designs.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"307-315"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10974581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Horizon Direct Model Predictive Control for Medium-Voltage Converters Connected to a Distorted Grid","authors":"Andrei Tregubov;Petros Karamanakos;Ludovico Ortombina","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3563502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3563502","url":null,"abstract":"Long-horizon finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is known for its superior performance, particularly when applied to complex, higher order systems, such as grid-connected converters with <inline-formula><tex-math>$LCL$</tex-math></inline-formula> filters. This article proposes a long-horizon FCS-MPC method that effectively operates such systems even in the presence of time-varying model parameters and distorted grid voltage with variable harmonic content. To do so, the proposed method incorporates information about the grid voltage distortion when generating the reference trajectories of the controlled variables, namely, the grid and converter currents and the filter capacitor voltage. In addition, a fast estimation algorithm continuously updates the grid- and converter-side reactances, thus ensuring robustness to parameter variations in the system model. Real-time tests conducted in a hardware-in-the-loop environment validate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach across various operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"191-205"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10974479","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dual-Transformer Series Resonant Converter With Wide ZVS Range and Minimized RMS Current Operation","authors":"Yinan Li;Song Hu;Chuan Sun;Peiwen Li;Wanlin Nie;Huiqing Wen;Akshay Rathore;Xiaodong Li","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3562844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3562844","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the operation efficiency under various conversion gains, a series resonant dc–dc converter is proposed in this article for renewable power generation application, which adopts a dual-transformer structure and employs an asymmetrical modulation scheme. First, the operation principle of the converter and the modulation scheme is analyzed. As a result, the steady-state characteristics expressions are solved, including the resonant tank current and transmission power. To reduce the high-frequency switching loss, the additional parameter of dual-transformer structure, which is defined as the ratio of two high-frequency transformers, can be tuned to widen zero-voltage switching (ZVS) range on both sides. Furthermore, Lagrange multiplier method is applied to minimize the root mean square (rms) current to reduce the conduction loss. With full ZVS range operation and minimized rms current, the overall efficiency of the proposed converter can be enhanced. Finally, the performance of the proposed converter with the adopted control scheme is evaluated with the experimental results on a 400 W lab prototype converter.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"281-294"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10971908","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential Design Process of a 350-kW Class Dual Three-Phase IPMSM for a Wheeled Armored Vehicle","authors":"Ji-Chang Son;Min-Su Kwon;Dong-Kuk Lim","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3562868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3562868","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal design of a traction motor is a complex process, as various requirements and constraints need to be satisfied. In addition, consideration of various physical aspects, such as stress and heat, is necessary to ensure the stability of the motor, including mechanical rigidity and insulation breakdown. In this article, to derive the optimal design of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), a novel sequential design process consisting of conceptual design, detailed design, and optimal design is proposed. The conceptual design enables the rapid execution of multiple case studies, as static electromagnetic analysis is used. The overall geometric parameters are determined through electromagnetic analysis in the detailed design stage and an initial model that satisfies the requirements is derived. Finally, in the optimal design stage, the optimal model is quickly derived using a machine learning method, and the stability of the model is examined through multiphysics analysis. To validate the applicability to the practical motor, design optimization for a 350-kW class dual three-phase IPMSM for a wheeled armored vehicle is conducted, and the feasibility of the proposed method is verified based on the experimental results of the manufactured prototype.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"237-248"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10971876","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}