IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications最新文献

{"title":"Data-Driven ANN-Based Torque Estimation of High Power Induction Motor Drives for Railways","authors":"Ahmed Fathy Abouzeid;Lander Lejarza;Juan M. Guerrero;Iker Muniategui;Aitor Endemaño;Fernando Briz","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3658432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3658432","url":null,"abstract":"Modern railway traction drives require precise traction torque control for regulatory compliance and reliable operation. Inaccurate core loss modeling, flux observer errors, inverter nonlinearities and measurement uncertainties are common sources of torque estimation errors. Torque estimation error can be reduced by improving motor models and parameter estimation, inverter modeling, variable measurements, etc. However, this is not trivial, and some level of uncertainty will always remain. In this article, an artificial neural networks (ANN)-based technique for torque estimation error compensation in railway traction drives is proposed. Data used for ANN training are collected during the commissioning process of the traction drive. The proposed method will be implemented in the 400 kW traction drive of a high-speed train. Torque estimation at high speeds was found to be the most critical. Using the proposed method, the estimation error was reduced from 12% to 2% in this case.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"163-173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11365588","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibration of an Electric Drive Unit Test Bench Using an In-Vehicle Control Mapping Methodology for High-Power Applications","authors":"Francisco Ulloa-Herrera;Kuntal Mandal;Edgar Zahonero-Zahonero;Jordi Canals-Mascorda;Xavier Genaro-Muñoz;Javier A. Corea-Araujo","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3653767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3653767","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a comprehensive methodology for mapping and controlling interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs), with a specific focus on their application in electric vehicles (EVs). This study details the acquisition of current mapping data from an IPMSM of an EV under various operating conditions. The sweep of the full-range speed and torque test points was performed on a chassis roll dynamometer for the in-vehicle electric drive unit of a 170-kW Polestar 2 EV. The vehicle was instrumented to collect the essential data using synchronized data acquisition systems along with vehicle's controller area network bus. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in real-world scenarios, experimental tests and calibration were performed on a motor test. Only the motor is removed from the vehicle, and a custom inverter/controller with a battery simulator and cooling system was installed to bypass the proprietary access restrictions of the original equipment manufacturers. After processing, the dataset extracted from the dynamometer test is subsequently integrated into a lookup-table-based field-oriented control strategy. The experimental tests performed on the motor test bench demonstrate the efficacy and practicality of the methodology, successfully validating its applicability in four-quadrant operation.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"132-147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11348068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146082164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consensus Management Designed for Independent Harmonic Compensation in AC Microgrids","authors":"Bruno Meneghel Zilli;Lucas Jonys Ribeiro Silva;Thales Augusto Fagundes;Diego dos Santos Carneiro;Cassius Rossi de Aguiar;Ricardo Quadros Machado","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3652085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3652085","url":null,"abstract":"Harmonic currents in microgrids (MGs)have increased significantly due to the evolving characteristics of power electronics, generation systems, and load profiles. Improper sharing of these currents among distributed generators (DGs) can lead to overload and reduced reliability. This article proposes a consensus-based secondary control strategy that enables proportional sharing of both fundamental and harmonic currents among DGs in ac MGs. The primary control level employs voltage and current parallel control using proportional–resonant controllers. Through the exchange of current amplitudes and total harmonic distortion (THD) over a communication network, the proposed method dynamically adjusts each DG reference currents to reflect its capacity, thus preventing overload. The strategy operates seamlessly in both islanded and grid-connected modes, without switching logic states, avoiding discontinuities that could cause high-frequency oscillations or instability. In addition, a THD equalization layer improves harmonic distribution, ensuring compliance with standard limits. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the method’s resilience to communication failures and its plug-and-play capability, highlighting its practical applicability in modern MGs.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"117-131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11339982","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Back-to-Back Testing Platform for Inverter Efficiency Mapping using Standard CAN Communication","authors":"Stefano Savio;Fabio Mandrile;Fausto Stella;Eric Armando;Radu Bojoi","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3666786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3666786","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand of power electronics for emergent applications has introduced significant challenges in testing and validation of power electronic converters. Traditional passive load-based testing approaches lack flexibility and fail to emulate realistic operating conditions, while advanced programmable setups are often prohibitively expensive and hardware-intensive. Back-to-back (B2B) testing configurations have emerged as a promising alternative, enabling internal power recirculation and dynamic control. However, existing B2B architectures suffer from key limitations, common mode circulating currents, and tightly coupled control platforms, which hinder modularity and full-power testing. This article presents a novel B2B test bench topology featuring zero common mode currents and enabling independent operation of the converter under test (CUT) with respect to the loading converter. The two converters are enabled and commanded via controller area network (CAN) bus communication, which is used exclusively to transmit the operating points to the converter control units and to allow fully independent control of each converter. The suppression of circulating common mode currents is instead ensured by the use of the transformer. The proposed solution provides high modularity and scalability, supporting flexible testing of a wide range of power converters under arbitrary load profiles without shared firmware or hardware resources. Furthermore, the platform requires an external DC source that needs to cover only for the overall system losses, and therefore, it is rated at a maximum 10% of the CUT-rated power, enabling high-power testing with low supply demand. Experimental validation demonstrates the effectiveness of the setup in achieving high-fidelity testing with minimal infrastructure requirements.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"362-374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11404416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S-Shaped-Based Power Sharing Control of DC-Coupled EV Charging Station","authors":"Márcio Von Rondow Campos;Lucas Jonys Ribeiro Silva;Deniver Reinke Schutz;Thales Augusto Fagundes;Bruno Meneghel Zilli;Rodolpho Vilela Alves Neves;Ricardo Quadros Machado","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3663542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3663542","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes an S-shaped power-sharing control (S-PSC) for enhancing scalability of the DC-coupled electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. The scheme provides DC-link voltage regulation while coordinating the charging activities of multiple EVs and integrating battery energy storage systems (BESSs), supercapacitors, renewable energy sources, and a bidirectional voltage source inverter (B-VSI). While existing inertial droop-based control strategies require measurements of the DC-source output power to tune their response according to the assigned inertia, the proposed S-PSC relies solely on DC-link voltage measurements to decouple the DC power demand into multiple inertia-response levels. The S-shaped function prioritizes the compensation of these response levels by dynamically coordinating the operation of the B-VSI, BESS, and EV storage units, ensuring acceptable state of charge, adequate inertia support, and operation close to nominal power levels. A small-signal analysis confirms voltage stability and attenuation of the BESS current. Experimental validation using hardware-in-the-loop under 60 min of intensive EV charging during peak hour demonstrated that the S-PSC reduces BESS stress by 40%, increases energy delivery to EVs by 32%, enhances the economic benefit of BESS utilization, and mitigates flicker in the low-voltage grid when compared with the conventional benchmark solution for industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"312-326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11389157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148489174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small-Signal Analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Under Scalar Control for Subsea Applications","authors":"Esio Eloi dos Santos Filho;Marcelo Lobo Heldwein","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3707513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3707513","url":null,"abstract":"Recent solutions for oil and gas production have driven companies to operate in increasingly harsh environments, necessitating the development of more complex subsea variable speed drives (VSDs). These systems now include driving permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) due to their potential advantages, such as higher efficiency. Ensuring stability in such new systems may be challenging when sensorless operation and very long cables are employed. This work presents an analytical model to assess the stability of PMSM-based VSDs under conventional scalar control as well as with a stability control algorithm to address potential instabilities. The subsea drive system is modeled using a physics-based approach, including a novel motor cable model employing distributed parameters, expressed in the <inline-formula><tex-math>$d$</tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula><tex-math>$q$</tex-math></inline-formula> reference frame. A small-signal model is derived to evaluate stability across different operating conditions. Experimental validation is performed using a reduced-scale test bench to replicate the drive system. The study identified an instability range, while the proposed stabilization loop significantly increases the range of stable operation. An experimental setup was used to validate the model. The experimental results show that the stabilization loop effectively reduced torque variation-driven speed oscillations.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"640-657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11581374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148493413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FCS-MPC Based on Geometric State Preselection for High Computational Reduction for Multilevel Converters","authors":"Cristian Castillo;Cristian Garcia;Daniel Sanchez;S. Alireza Davari;Zhenbin Zhang;Fengxiang Wang;Jose Rodriguez","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3708435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3708435","url":null,"abstract":"Finite control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) has been extensively applied to multilevel converters (MCs) due to its simplicity, fast dynamics, and ability to handle multiple objectives. However, its main drawback is the exponential increase in computational load as the number of switching states grows, which limits its real-time applicability in MCs with many levels. This article proposes a novel strategy, FCS-MPC with geometrical preselection states (FCS-MPC-GPS), which significantly reduces the number of evaluated states while preserving current tracking and capacitor-voltage regulation performance. The method introduces a geometric redefinition of the <inline-formula><tex-math>$alpha beta$</tex-math></inline-formula> voltage-vector frame, replacing the conventional hexagonal representation with concentric circles whose radii correspond to the voltage magnitudes. This transformation enables a hierarchical reduced-search selection process that separates current tracking and capacitor-voltage balancing into sequential stages. The proposed approach is experimentally validated on a three-cell four-level flying capacitor converter with 512 switching states, demonstrating a computational load reduction of nearly 98.55% while maintaining accurate current tracking, capacitor-voltage regulation, and fast dynamic response.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"721-737"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11588783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148488253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Control of GaN Y-Inverter for Traction Motors","authors":"Federico Campanelli;Fabio Mandrile;Sandro Rubino;Eric Armando;Radu Bojoi","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3707657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3707657","url":null,"abstract":"The cascaded buck–boost Y-inverter is a promising DC–AC converter topology due to its capability to accept a wide input DC voltage range while producing near-sinusoidal output AC voltages. The advantages of the Y-inverter can also be leveraged for electrified powertrains fed by fuel cells. As the power levels of such powertrains may exceed hundreds of kW, it is essential to minimize the size of the reactive elements required by the Y-inverter. This aim can only be achieved by increasing the switching frequency. By leveraging the unprecedented switching performance of gallium-nitride (GaN) transistors. The control solutions available in the literature for the Y-inverters are mostly based on a conventional cascaded voltage and current control, employing proportional–integral (PI) controllers in stationary frames. However, these solutions have limited bandwidth performance when the switching frequency is roughly lower than one hundred kHz, as may occur for traction inverters. Therefore, this article proposes an advanced control that is tailored for high-performance torque control of traction motors fed by GaN Y-inverters. It exploits rotating reference frames for voltage control and deadbeat control to enhance the dynamic control performance. The proposed solution has been successfully tested on a reduced-scale GaN Y-inverter supplying a permanent magnet synchronous motor for light traction.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"612-624"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11579480","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148488322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Thermal Balancing Strategy for Direct Parallel Connection of SiC MOSFETs","authors":"Dimitrios Deldimos;Fausto Stella;Andrea Piccioni;Gianmario Pellegrino","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3731352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3731352","url":null,"abstract":"silicon carbide (SiC) <sc>mosfet</small>s are increasingly favored in high-power density applications due to their superior thermal and electrical performance compared to Si-IGBTs. However, current ratings of individual SiC <sc>mosfet</small> dies are limited, requiring multiple devices in parallel to meet high-current demands, as is typical in traction applications. Parallel operation introduces current and thermal imbalances related to parameter mismatches and layout asymmetries, which degrade reliability and efficiency. This article presents the extensive investigation of a new active thermal balancing control strategy that dynamically adjusts device duty cycles using case temperature feedback. Experimental validation demonstrates significant enhancements in thermal equilibrium and robust performance of parallel-connected SiC <sc>mosfet</small>s under switching transients at the limit of the device safe operating area. Results confirm effective switching loss redistribution without impacting overall efficiency. Consequently, the strategy removes thermal imbalance as a limiting factor in parallel SiC <sc>mosfet</small> operation, mitigating localized thermal overstress, promoting uniform device utilization across the parallel set, and improving long-term reliability by preventing persistent temperature gradients caused by parameter dispersion and commutation-loop asymmetries.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"1077-1088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11683443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149033733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FPGA-Enabled Deep Learning for Real-Time DC Series Arc Fault Detection","authors":"Yu Li;Yufei Mao;Marc Rothmann;Roland Weiss;Mario Porrmann","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3671845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3671845","url":null,"abstract":"A direct current (DC) series arc fault is an unintended and hazardous electrical discharge in a DC circuit. It poses a safety risk as it can potentially cause fire and damage electrical components. The urgency of detecting DC series arc faults lies in their potential to escalate into hazardous situations swiftly. Rapid identification of abnormal patterns associated with DC series arc faults is essential to trigger intervention measures immediately. In recent years, the focus of studies for the detection algorithms has been shifting from conventional rule-based methods toward machine learning (ML)-based approaches, because ML-based algorithms have the advantage of adapting to different circuit dynamics. Although ML-based approaches have yielded positive results in fault identification, implementing such computationally intensive algorithms in a time-critical application remains a challenge. This article addresses this challenge through a hardware solution, proposing an embedded real-time detection system with an field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based hardware accelerator to enhance efficiency. The proposed solution implements optimized ML-based algorithms, including fully connected neural networks and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), on an Avnet Ultra96-V2 FPGA using the STANN high-level synthesis library. The CNN implementation results in the highest accuracy; it achieves a good balance between low detection latency, high numerical accuracy after automated precision reduction, and moderate power consumption. Comparisons with the state-of-the-art demonstrate STANN’s high efficiency. In addition, the performance of the FPGA solution is evaluated by comparing it to a graphics processing unit implementation on an Nvidia Jetson Xavier NX board. The FPGA version shows superior performance, with a minimum runtime of 52 µ s and total energy consumption of 146 µ J per inference, while the Jetson Xavier NX achieves a minimum runtime of 170 µ s and consumes 343 µ J per inference.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"408-429"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11425801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}