Hans Bärnklau;Martin Janda;Klaus Röbenack;Zdeněk Peroutka;Jens Proske
{"title":"Impedance and Gain Measurement Configurations for the Characterization of Rotating Electric Machines","authors":"Hans Bärnklau;Martin Janda;Klaus Röbenack;Zdeněk Peroutka;Jens Proske","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3722045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3722045","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing switching frequencies of voltage source converters, the probability of resonance excitation in drive applications increases. For rotating electric machines in resonance condition, high voltages can occur within the winding. Due to significant stress to the insulation system, such conditions have to be avoided. Consequently, the knowledge of series resonance positions is essential, which means that frequency dependent impedance curves of electric machines have to be calculated or at least measured prior to commissioning. The latter means that suitable measuring configurations have to be defined. In this article, a simple linear terminal behavioral model and selected measuring configurations for its parametrization are presented. Several sets of equations for the parametrization of the model are summarized. For two of them, conclusive experimental determined curves are given.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"1105-1118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11646475","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amir Pashaei;Moein Abedini;Mahdi Davarpanah;Abbas Hasani;Xiaodong Liang
{"title":"Coordinated Tuning of Type 4 Wind Turbines and Power System Stabilizers in Wind Power Integrated Grids","authors":"Amir Pashaei;Moein Abedini;Mahdi Davarpanah;Abbas Hasani;Xiaodong Liang","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3716839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3716839","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing penetration of wind turbines (WTs) degrades the power system small-signal stability due to the complex modal interaction and reduced system inertia, which makes tuning of traditional power system stabilizers (PSSs) ineffective. This article proposes a novel multistage optimization framework that revitalizes existing PSS infrastructure by co-optimizing their placement and parameters in coordination with WT controllers. It is based on the genetic algorithm with three key enhancements. 1) Proactive pretuning stage that mitigates the open-loop modal resonance as a design constraint to guarantee the baseline stability. 2) Coherency-based population initialization strategy, derived from quantitative mode shape analysis, to ensure accelerated convergence. 3) H<sub>∞</sub>-inspired objective function that integrates PSS placement logic to achieve the maximum damping of critical modes with the minimum control effort. The proposed framework is validated by the IEEE 39-bus test system with up to 20% wind power penetrations, achieving up to 55% increase in the damping ratio of critical modes compared to conventional methods. Simulations under N-1 contingencies confirm its robustness and faster oscillation damping. The proposed framework can provide a robust, computationally efficient and practical solution to maintain stability of grids with significant wind power penetrations without requiring costly hardware upgrade.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"848-866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11622860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148747858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Minimizing Electromechanical Transients in Hydropower SEIGs: A Simple Approach for Smooth Islanded to Grid Synchronization","authors":"Angelo Accetta;Massimiliano Luna;Marcello Pucci;Marco Sinagra;Tullio Tucciarelli","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3688723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3688723","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the management of electromechanical transients during disconnection and reconnection to the grid of turbine-driven induction generators (IGs) in hydraulic plants. Sudden loss of resistance torque after grid faults can lead to overspeed, mechanical stress, and potential water hammer effects. Conventional solutions rely on electric brakes and bypass valves to stop the IG and avoid damaging the whole mechanical and hydraulic system. When the grid is restored, to avoid severe torque and current transients, the IG must be reconnected as a motor in no-load conditions, the water flow is restored, and the machine starts operating as a generator. Such disconnection/reconnection transients result in long downtime even for brief faults. This article proposes a low-cost technique to avoid such complex and time-consuming procedures. The IG is not shut down but rapidly disconnected from the grid and operated as a self-excited induction generator (SEIG) using a capacitor bank while supplying a local resistive load. A steady-state analysis was performed to properly size passive components, ensuring the islanded SEIG operates near its grid-connected working point to enable smooth reconnection without expensive power converters. The proposed technique was tested in numerical simulation with a suitably devised space-vector dynamic SEIG model that is valid for both grid-connected and islanded operation, as well as experimentally using a dedicated test setup.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"563-575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11498640","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147937435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiobjective Layered Optimization Analysis of Noncontact Integrated Permanent Magnet Vernier Motor for Deep-Sea Joint Motor","authors":"Qiushuo Chen;Wenjie Su;Junlei Chen;Ying Fan;Yiming Fang","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3670022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3670022","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a noncontact integrated permanent magnet vernier motor (NCIPMVM) to address the challenges of implementing a high-performance direct-drive actuator within the extremely constrained and pressure-sealed environment of deep-sea joint motors. The core concept involves forming an axially rigid structure with a common inner rotor through the integration of a vernier motor and a magnetic gear (MG). To improve the effectiveness of the integrated design, an optimized layering strategy is introduced, which considers the demagnetization characteristics of permanent magnets (PMs). Sensitivity analysis and hierarchical parameter optimization are conducted using cross-parameter analysis in combination with the Pearson correlation coefficient. Design of experiment (DOE) models are then established across different levels, while NSGA-III and PSO algorithms are employed to perform parameter optimization. Layered optimization is further refined through iterative conditional constraints, with the goal of satisfying output performance requirements. Based on the optimized parameters, a prototype is fabricated. Finally, the validity and accuracy of both the proposed NCIPMVM and the optimization strategy are verified through finite element analysis and experimental testing.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"474-484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11419796","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Harmonic-Controlled Space Vector Modulation With Reduced Switching Transitions for Two-Level Nine-Phase Motor Drives","authors":"Rodrigo R. Bastos;Braz J. Cardoso Filho","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3708373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3708373","url":null,"abstract":"Multiphase motor drives offer several advantages over their three-phase counterparts, including reduced power per phase, lower voltage or current levels while maintaining the same output power, and enhanced fault tolerance. Over the past three decades, numerous studies have investigated modulation techniques for multiphase converters, as the increased number of phases introduces both additional challenges and new degrees of freedom. Among these challenges are the reduced linear modulation range and the more complex low-order harmonic behavior of multiphase machines. This article proposes a space vector modulation strategy composed of four coordinated techniques designed to cover the entire modulation range of a two-level nine-phase converter. In the overmodulation region, discontinuous modulation methods are employed to simultaneously reduce switching transitions and control harmonic components. In addition, a machine configuration with three isolated neutral points, instead of a single neutral connection, is adopted to mitigate current harmonics. Simulation and experimental results validate the proposed approach at low switching frequencies, which are particularly relevant for high-power applications. The performance of the proposed strategy is also compared with other modulation techniques reported in literature.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"790-805"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11592429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148627433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Model Predictive Control for Fast Frequency Control in Hybrid Renewable Plants: Increasing Robustness Through Enhanced Model Observability","authors":"Tobias Heins;Mirko Ginocchi;Antonello Monti","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3707695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3707695","url":null,"abstract":"Guaranteeing frequency stability in low-inertia power systems requires converter-based renewable energy sources to provide rapid response under tight operational constraints. This article presents a twofold contribution to the coordinated fast frequency control of grid-connected hybrid renewable plants consisting of grid-forming battery energy storage and grid-following photovoltaic generation and electrolyzer loads. First, a model predictive control (MPC) strategy is developed to coordinate these heterogeneous assets. Extensive robustness evaluations across an uncertainty space demonstrate that the proposed MPC achieves a 48%–50% median improvement in tracking accuracy and a 33%–48% reduction in energy storage requirements compared to traditional proportional integral (PI)-based and decentralized strategies. Second, the MPC’s performance is enhanced through a novel prediction model that formulates system states by the converter’s output power instead of angle differences as in Tie line power flow-based models. Unlike the traditional approach, this model avoids the need for augmented disturbance states and achieves full observability by formulating load disturbances as process noise. The proposed model further reduces median tracking error by 18% and achieves a 9% median energy storage reduction in the robustness analysis. The performance of the controllers is evaluated through hardware-in-the-loop experiments for various contingencies. A variance-based global sensitivity analysis reveals that parametric uncertainty, specifically concerning grid inertia, grid impedance, and power ramp limitations, dominates performance impacts over structural model-plant mismatch. The results demonstrate that the adoption of MPC offers substantial benefits for hybrid renewable plant control, while the proposed prediction model further maximizes control performance.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"674-691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11579746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148487825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Standard-Aligned Framework for Voltage-Dependent Supercapacitor Characterization","authors":"Andreas Hanschek;Simon Dusini;Petar Grbović","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3675690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3675690","url":null,"abstract":"Supercapacitors, also known as Electric Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLCs), are increasingly used in high power energy storage systems because of their long cycle life, high-power density, and rapid charge–discharge capability. However, inconsistencies in the datasheet specifications, particularly in capacitance and equivalent series resistance (ESR), make accurate modeling and comparison between manufacturers difficult. This work addresses these discrepancies by developing a unified analytical framework that extracts voltage-dependent capacitance parameters directly from IEC 62391-1 and IEC 62576 discharge measurements without modifying the standard procedure. The method derives the parameters <inline-formula><tex-math>$C_{mathrm{0}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math>$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>, providing a consistent and physically meaningful representation of the nonlinear capacitance behavior. A total of 78 discharge measurements were performed, comprising 54 tests on 25 F cells from six manufacturers (three DUTs each) and 24 tests on 50 F cells from one manufacturer (eight DUTs), each evaluated across three voltage ranges and three discharge currents. These datasets were used to verify the robustness and applicability of the proposed framework under varying test currents between samples from different manufacturers. Results show that the extended 90% –20% voltage range provides the most accurate assessment of voltage-dependent capacitance, while the IEC 80% –40% range still remains usable whereas the narrower 90% –70% interval is more suitable for ESR evaluation at higher discharge currents. Although not designed for intermanufacturer statistics, the consistent results across all devices validate the robustness and repeatability of the proposed framework, providing a solid basis for future standardization and large-scale studies.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"485-499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11447423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gate Drive Circuit for Noninsulating Gate GaN-Transistors Enabling Fast Switching and High-Frequency Operation","authors":"Xiaomeng Geng;Carsten Kuring;Benedikt Kohlhepp;Oliver Hilt;Sibylle Dieckerhoff","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3664217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3664217","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing requirements for high switching frequency and high power density have driven the development of gallium nitride power transistors. Among them, some GaN transistors feature a noninsulating gate, such as gate injection transistors and Schottky-gate GaN transistors. Driving GaN transistors with a noninsulating gate is challenging, as a high gate current is required for rapid switching transitions, and a low continuous gate current is needed to maintain the device in the <sc>on</small>-state and minimize losses. The conventional drive circuit for metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors and insulated-gate bipolar transistors is not suitable anymore and the <italic>RC</i>-type drive circuit recommended by manufacturers suffers from unstable turn-<sc>off</small> voltage and inconsistent operation performance depending on the switching frequency and duty cycle. To address these issues, this article proposes an improved drive circuit designed with an active discharge path. This drive circuit can be easily implemented using standard commercially available driver ICs, requiring only one additional auxiliary switch without the need for additional control circuitry. It can drive noninsulating gate GaN transistors in the MHz range without performance degradation, enabling fast switching and ensuring a fixed turn-<sc>off</small> voltage independent of operating points and transistor parameters. This feature enhances immunity to false turn-<sc>on</small>, reduces losses and design complexity, and makes the circuit particularly suitable for high-frequency industrial applications. The drive circuit configuration and operation principle are introduced and its effectiveness is experimentally verified for two types of noninsulating gate transistors in a buck converter at a switching frequency of 5 and 10 MHz, respectively.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"291-302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11393687","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148490652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Y. Metwly;Abdelrahman Habib;Yiju Wang;JiangBiao He
{"title":"Finite-Element-Based High-Frequency Modeling of Motor Stator Windings Fed by SiC Inverters for Reflected Voltage Analysis","authors":"Mohamed Y. Metwly;Abdelrahman Habib;Yiju Wang;JiangBiao He","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3715405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3715405","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging adoption of wide-bandgap semiconductor devices in motor-drive systems poses significant challenges to the stator winding dielectric insulation of electrical motors due to their high voltage slew rate. Such ultra-fast switching characteristics generate fast-rising voltage pulses with high <inline-formula> <tex-math>$dv/dt$</tex-math> </inline-formula>, which may produce high-frequency (HF) overvoltage transients at the motor terminals. The reflected overvoltages result in a nonuniform voltage distribution along the motor stator windings, imposing excessive electrical stress on the winding insulation. Therefore, an HF model operating at the MHz scale, capable of accurately predicting reflected voltage stress across stator winding coils and turns, is essential for developing high-reliability motor-drive systems. This article proposes an HF modeling framework that integrates finite-element analysis with a distributed parameter network to improve the prediction accuracy of reflected voltage distributions. The proposed HF model incorporates frequency-dependent material characteristics, winding configurations, and interwinding coupling effects through systematic parameter extraction while maintaining moderate implementation complexity. A 2-hp induction motor prototype has been custom-rewound to experimentally verify the proposed HF model under multiple cable lengths and voltage pulse rise times. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed modeling approach compared to conventional methods, achieving time-domain reflected voltage estimation errors below 4%, while maintaining strong agreement with measured impedance spectra across a wide frequency range.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"867-878"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11614690","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148746902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin Stefan Baumann;Wolfgang Kemmetmüller;Andreas Kugi;Andreas Steinboeck
{"title":"Optimal Design of Experiments for Identification of PMSM Thermal Models","authors":"Martin Stefan Baumann;Wolfgang Kemmetmüller;Andreas Kugi;Andreas Steinboeck","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3719835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3719835","url":null,"abstract":"Precise thermal models of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are required for several purposes, like mechanical design, thermal management, drive control, and integration into electric vehicles. Identifying a precise thermal model based on measurements is typically a time-consuming and complex task, and the result depends considerably on the measurements available. To simplify this task, the current article develops a method for optimally designing an experimental cycle in favor of parameter identification. The aims are to maximize the information contained in the measurements, to make the parameter estimation accurate and robust, and to reduce the total cycle time. The method uses a tailored optimization problem and an existing gray-box model of the PMSM to find optimum input trajectories for the experiment. The objective function considers the A-optimality criterion based on the Fisher information matrix. The method is validated based on both computer simulations and test bench measurements. The obtained results demonstrate that the cycle designed using the proposed method leads to reduced parameter variance in simulation and improved model accuracy when evaluated on test data from experiments.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"995-1009"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11640987","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148781112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}