IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications最新文献

{"title":"Online Active Impedance Estimation Method in an LCL-Grid-Tied VSI: Analysis of the Multisine Perturbation","authors":"Giovanni Marini;Giulia Di Nezio;Salvatore D'Arco;Alessandro Lidozzi;Marco di Benedetto;Luca Solero","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3658811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3658811","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate grid impedance estimation is essential for the stability and efficiency of modern power systems, especially with high renewable energy penetration. This article introduces a signal-based on sum of sine waves (Multisine) approach for broadband impedance estimation, offering superior spectral efficiency and adaptability compared to traditional methods like pseudo random binary sequence and white noise. The proposed method ensures precise characterization while minimizing grid disturbances. Validated experimentally on a 60 kW VSI connected to an emulated grid, the approach demonstrates reliable performance under varying conditions, including weak grids and dynamic loads. These findings highlight the practical applicability of Multisine signals, advancing grid management and stability in renewable-dominated systems.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"281-290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11367336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148490651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Framework for Four-Dimensional Operating-Space Characterization of SiC Traction Inverter Switching","authors":"Jiaqi Yan;Harry C. P. Dymond;Mehdi Niroomand;Wenzhi Zhou;Saeed Jahdi;Bernard H. Stark","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3728493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3728493","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable operation of SiC traction inverters requires understanding how switching behavior evolves across the full operating envelope and under different gate drive conditions. Existing studies typically characterize switching performance over limited current–voltage or temperature ranges and at fixed gate resistances. As switching behavior depends nonlinearly on device characteristics and circuit parasitics, results obtained on different systems are difficult to generalize and do not capture switching metrics such as <italic>di</i>/<italic>dt</i>, <italic>dv</i>/<italic>dt</i>, overshoot, and losses over the full operating envelope. This article introduces a systematic planning, measurement, analysis, and visualization framework for multidimensional switching characterization of SiC inverters. The framework is demonstrated on a 900 V, 450 A SiC phase leg representative of an 800 V class, 300 kW electric vehicle inverter. It is evaluated over a four-dimensional (4-D) operating space: DC link voltage (600 to 900 V), phase current (−450 to +450 A), temperature (−40 °C to +140 °C), and gate-drive strength (1.6 to 5 Ω). The proposed framework extracts eleven key switching performance metrics (slew rates, overshoots, ringing intensities, and energy loss) and quantifies their dependence on gate-drive strength and operating point. A new visualization tool then enables efficient exploration of these dependencies across the 4-D operating space. Experimental results show switching metrics such as slew rates and turn-<sc>off</small> overshoot, exhibiting nonmonotonic behavior and turning points inside the 4-D operating space. The impact of switching performance requirements on safe operating area and drive strength are presented. The analysis and visualization framework implementation in MATLAB, together with the associated demonstration dataset, are publicly available to support gate-driver optimization and model development for SiC traction inverters.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"1089-1104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11670236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149033761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled Loss Redistribution, Thermal Equalization, and Capacitor Voltage Regulation Across the Full Operating Range of Neutral-Point-Clamped Converters","authors":"Javad Ebrahimi;Hamidreza Karshenas;Suzan Eren;Alireza Bakhshai","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3672549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3672549","url":null,"abstract":"Neutral point clamped (NPC) converters are widely adopted in high-power wind energy conversion systems due to their ability to handle high voltages with reduced device stress. However, one of the main challenges of NPC topology is the unequal distribution of switching losses, which leads to thermal imbalances and reliability concerns. This article proposes a modulation scheme for NPC converter in wind power applications, aiming to achieve active thermal control, loss balancing, and capacitor voltage regulation. The key idea is to reconstruct the middle voltage level of each phase through a linear combination of the three available levels, ensuring volt-second balance while reducing neutral-point current. This approach not only equalizes the switching losses among devices but also decreases the rms current stress on DC-link capacitors, enabling the use of smaller and more cost-effective capacitors. Unlike conventional methods, the proposed scheme maintains its effectiveness across the entire range of modulation indexes, including those typical of low-voltage ride-through conditions in wind turbines. Importantly, all semiconductor devices operate at the same switching frequency, without a significant increase, ensuring equalized loss distribution. Experimental results validate that the applicability of the proposed method over the entire range of modulation indexes.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"430-444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11429090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technique to Improve the Input Current THD in Single-Phase DCM Boost Rectifiers","authors":"Valdecir Junior De Paris;Mateus Nava Mezaroba;Gierri Waltrich;Telles Bruneli Lazzarin","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3716715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3716715","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a control technique to improve the input current quality of single-phase pulsewidth modulation boost rectifiers operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). Conventional DCM boost rectifiers rely solely on output voltage regulation, which is attractive for low-power applications (up to 500 W) due to their simplicity and low cost. However, even when an input <italic>LC</i> filter is employed, the input current typically exhibits significant third-harmonic distortion and a poor power factor. Existing solutions to address this limitation often require additional sensors or operation in critical conduction mode with variable switching frequency. In contrast, the proposed method exploits the inherent output voltage ripple as a control signal, eliminating the need for extra sensors while maintaining constant switching frequency operation. Experimental results obtained from a 500 W prototype operating at 80 kHz with a 400 V output voltage demonstrate that the proposed technique reduces the input current total harmonic distortion (THD) from approximately 30% to below 5%. The performance was experimentally verified for input voltages ranging from 100 to 240 V<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{text{rms}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and load conditions from 100 to 500 W. For load levels between 300 and 500 W, the input current THD remained below 5%, while maintaining a fixed predefined controller gain over the evaluated operating range, demonstrating satisfactory performance over a wide operating range while preserving implementation simplicity.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"907-927"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11625739","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148747311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust Control of Quad-Active-Bridge Converter Employing Zeroing Neural Networks and Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control","authors":"Irfan Sami;Muhammad Salman;Hyun-Gyu Koh;Shafaat Ullah;Chiara Boccaletti;Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3696116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3696116","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a robust and efficient control framework for quad-active-bridge (QAB) converters based on the integration of super-twisting sliding mode control (STSMC) and zeroing neural networks (ZNNs). An outer-loop STSMC is designed to regulate port voltages and generate corrected power references with finite-time convergence and strong robustness against load disturbances, parameter uncertainties, and measurement noise. To address the inherent multiport coupling of the QAB topology, an inner-loop ZNN-based dynamic solver is developed to compute the inverse power–phase Jacobian in real time, enabling accurate and noise-tolerant power decoupling without iterative optimization or explicit matrix inversion. The proposed STSMC–ZNN architecture achieves fast transient response, precise multiport power sharing, and reduced circulating and rms currents, leading to improved conversion efficiency. Comprehensive simulation and experimental results under various operating conditions, including unequal port power demands and parameter variations, validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control strategy, achieving a 68.3% reduction in steady-state power error, a 16.9% reduction in peak port current, and a 6.47% reduction in rms power ripple compared with a conventional Gauss-Seidel-based decoupling method, while maintaining a comparable settling time of approximately 30 ms.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"597-611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11534101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148236409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Li-Ion Battery State-of-Health Estimation During Electric Vehicles Fast Charging: A Comparative Analysis of Advanced Data-Driven Techniques","authors":"D. Pelosi;C. Scarpelli;F. Quilici;G. Lutzemberger;F. Gallorini;E. Brunori;Linda Barelli","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3718013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3718013","url":null,"abstract":"Online battery state-of-health (SoH) assessment is paramount to improving battery electric vehicles (BEVs) competitiveness. By continuously acquiring data from the on-board battery, it enables to implement strategies aiming to reduce degradation rate and enhance BEVs safety. This work presents the application and validation of two novel patented methodologies for lithium-ion battery SoH estimation, evaluated under realistic BEVs fast-charging operating profiles and benchmarked against experimental measurements. The proposed methods, i.e., the “OCV–SoC-based method” relying on the open-circuit voltage (OCV)–state-of-charge (SoC) characteristic curve and the “discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-based method” applying DWT analysis to <italic>in operando</i> voltage signals, are compared with the widely adopted reference technique incremental capacity analysis (ICA). Performances of all applied methods are assessed with reference to experimental capacity fading data obtained from a dedicated cycling aging campaign performed on commercial nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) lithium-ion cells. Both proposed methods exhibit a high accuracy (0.63% and 1.37% root-mean-square-error values for “DWT-based method” and “OCV–SoC-based method,” respectively) comparable with the ICA one (0.98%). Pros and cons of the proposed methods are discussed, together with future activities needed to extend their application domain.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"893-906"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11627317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148747310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LV Microgrid With V2G Technologies Applied to Electric Load Flexibility: A Case Study of an University Department","authors":"Riccardo Loggia;Andrea Golino;Lorenzo Frattale Mascioli;Cristina Moscatiello;Roberto Menichelli;Maria Carmen Falvo;Luigi Martirano","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3707895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3707895","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into microgrids via vehicle-to-grid technology offers a significant opportunity to provide demand-side flexibility. This article presents an experimental analysis of two load demand flexibility (LDF) strategies: LDF-FLAT and LDF-ZERO, implemented within a real-world university microgrid at Sapienza University of Rome, featuring 12.4 kW of PV generation and 6.5 kWh of stationary storage. Experimental tests demonstrate the system's effectiveness in transforming building consumption into a dispatchable resource. Specifically, the LDF-FLAT algorithm successfully flattened consumption peaks from ∼40 kW to a constant target of 15 kW. In the LDF-ZERO scenario, the system achieved near-total grid independence, reducing the grid dependence ratio to 1.8% under sunny conditions and 2.6% under cloudy conditions. The vehicle to grid power ratio reached 97.2%, proving the EV's capability to act as the primary flexibility resource. Furthermore, the control logic ensures battery health by limiting the depth of discharge to 80%, potentially extending the battery life by 300 cycles. These quantitative results validate the reliability and efficiency of the proposed management system in meeting distribution system operator flexibility requirements.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"692-705"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11585707","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148488252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Discrete-Time Differentiators for $LCL$ Resonance Damping Through Capacitor Voltage Feedback","authors":"José de Arimatéia Olimpio Filho;Paulo Fernando Silva;Luis De Oro Arenas;Tiago Davi Curi Busarello;Marcelo Godoy Simões;Helmo Kelis Morales Paredes","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3708024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3708024","url":null,"abstract":"The capacitor current active damping method is widely used to dampen the <inline-formula><tex-math>$LCL$</tex-math></inline-formula>-filter resonance in grid-connected inverters due to its simple implementation. Alternatively, it can be replaced by the capacitor voltage active damping (CVAD) as a low-cost solution, utilizing the capacitor voltage of <inline-formula><tex-math>$LCL$</tex-math></inline-formula>-filter for synchronization and damping, avoiding an extra sensor. A critical part of CVAD is the differentiator that is used to estimate capacitor current, yet, differentiators bring challenges due to their sensitivity to noise. To address these challenges, this article proposes a family of enhanced discrete-time differentiators—Lanczos, Super Lanczos 1, and Super Lanczos 2—for CVAD. This class of discrete-time differentiators based on finite impulse response filters is discussed, with detailed explanations provided on how to obtain the coefficients of the differentiators. The system was implemented using controller hardware-in-the-loop and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in damping the <inline-formula><tex-math>$LCL$</tex-math></inline-formula> resonance in a single-phase grid-connected inverter under steady state, under reference step conditions, and in the presence of noise.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"756-776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11585710","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148488310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and Design of an Active Series Resonant Voltage Balancer for High Peak Current Supercapacitor Modules in Mobile Robot Applications","authors":"Aleksandra Stanojević;Andreas J. Hanschek;Petar J. Grbović","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3708728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3708728","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile robot platforms are increasingly deployed in modern industrial environments, and ensuring their efficient operation has become an important aspect of system design. Their highly dynamic power profile, characterized by regenerative braking, fast acceleration, and frequent cycling, creates significant challenges for providing a stable and efficient energy storage. To meet these demands, modern mobile robot applications tend to integrate supercapacitor energy storage systems, either standalone or as part of a hybrid energy-storage system (HESS). The supercapacitor modules are often implemented in different series and parallel configurations of cells to meet the application requirements. However, cell-to-cell variations in capacitance, equivalent series resistance (ESR), and aging behavior in the module lead to voltage imbalance, reducing usable energy and further accelerating degradation. Thus, to prevent these effects and maintain uniform cell utilization over time, an efficient voltage-balancing device is required. This article proposes an active resonant voltage balancer (ARVB) as a solution to balance voltages between series supercapacitor cells within a module of an HESS for a mobile robot. Compared to other active balancing methods, the advantages of the ARVB solution are high efficiency, high power capability, and low complexity, making it a suitable choice for this application. The guidelines are provided for the design optimization of the ARVB, based on the specified worst-case voltage imbalance in the supercapacitor module. The selected design is implemented and experimentally verified on an equivalent supercapacitor module for a single ARVB fundamental block. The benefit of using ARVB in the supercapacitor module is demonstrated by the increased total energy stored in the module at the end of the CC charging cycle. It shows an increase in stored energy up to 34% at a charging current of <inline-formula><tex-math>$I_{text{ch}}=3;[text{A}]$</tex-math></inline-formula>, compared to the supercapacitor module without ARVB. Two energy efficiency metrics were evaluated in this work. The charging energy utilization efficiency was evaluated with respect to the ideal balancing case and represents the achievable improvement in usable stored energy after charging enabled by the balancing system. A maximum charging energy utilization efficiency of 85.5% was obtained at a charging current of <inline-formula><tex-math>$I_{text{ch}}=3;[text{A}]$</tex-math></inline-formula>. In addition, the balancing energy efficiency was evaluated during idle-state equalization, typically used in the literature. The maximum efficiency of 95.7% is obtained for the initial voltage difference <inline-formula><tex-math>$Delta u_{12}=150;[text{mV}]$</tex-math></inline-formula>.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"738-755"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11592445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148488643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TUrBO: The Next 100 000+ RPM Synchronous Reluctance Drives","authors":"Yulong Cui;Andrea Cavagnino;Andrea Tonoli;Chiara Gianassi;Alessandro Fortunato;Alessandro Ascari;Erica Liverani;Deekshitha Srinivas Nayak;Gabriele Rizzoli;Michele Mengoni;Luca Zarri","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2026.3724749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2026.3724749","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrahigh-speed electric drives operating beyond 100 krpm are attracting increasing interest in compact turbomachinery and electrified auxiliary systems. Although synchronous reluctance machines represent an attractive permanent-magnet (PM)-free solution, their extension to this operating range is simultaneously constrained by rotor mechanical integrity, converter voltage capability, and the strong interaction between electromagnetic design, manufacturing accuracy, and drive operation. This article presents an integrated system-level approach for the development and experimental validation of a 100 krpm-class synchronous reluctance drive based on the coordinated use of two complementary enabling technologies: a multimaterial axially laminated anisotropic rotor manufactured by laser-directed energy deposition and an open-end winding dual-inverter architecture. The complete development process is presented, including additive-manufacturing technology selection, material characterization, rotor fabrication, electromagnetic and mechanical design, converter implementation, and multidisciplinary optimization. Two prototype drives were developed and experimentally investigated. The machine validation comprises flux-linkage mapping, apparent inductance evaluation, maximum torque-per-ampere assessment, load tests, and acoustic measurements, while the comparison between experiments and finite-element analysis highlights the influence of manufacturing-related phenomena, including the diffusion region generated between adjacent deposited materials. The drive validation further assesses the proposed converter architecture under very-high-speed operating conditions. The presented results demonstrate that the coordinated design of the synchronous reluctance machine, additive-manufacturing process, and power converter is the key enabler of next-generation ultrahigh-speed PM-free electric drives.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"1040-1058"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11657577","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148985166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}