IDS Working Papers最新文献

{"title":"State Provision of Social Protection to International Migrants: The Relevance of Social Protection Frameworks","authors":"Tracy Swemmer","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00424.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00424.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>How relevant are social protection frameworks to understanding the provision of social protection to international migrants? Such frameworks have evolved against a backdrop of social protection which has been provided mainly to resident citizens, with international migrants often excluded from access. However, following an increase in remittance flows, more governments have moved to facilitate and promote migration and have extended the provision of social protection to citizens working abroad.</p>\u0000 <p>By examining the policies of a major labour-sending country, the Philippines, as well as policies from other countries where migration for employment is facilitated, it becomes apparent that dominant frameworks do inform policy-making for international migrants. The analysis shows that policies which reflect the risk management and basic needs frameworks are most common. In the case of the Philippines, the rights framework is evident in the extension of political and social rights to international migrants, an extension which is less evident elsewhere. Polices rooted in asset-based approaches are more limited in scope, as are transformative social protection policies for migrants.</p>\u0000 <p>Overall, while the frameworks are potentially useful as theoretical bases, the features of the international system limit the effectiveness of the policies themselves. In addition, policies often appear to be contradictory, reflecting both the importance of ideology and the tension between the objectives of social protection for migrants and the economic imperatives of migration policy in labour-sending countries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2013 424","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00424.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"105896850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Changing Faces of Citizen Action: A Mapping Study through an ‘Unruly’ Lens","authors":"Akshay Khanna,&nbsp;Priyashri Mani,&nbsp;Zachary Patterson,&nbsp;Maro Pantazidou,&nbsp;Maysa Shqerat","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00423.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00423.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changing faces of citizen action:</p>\u0000 <p>For the activist, the academic interested in power and politics, the development practitioner and the engaged citizen, the last couple of years or so have offered a veritable treasure of moments with which to re-imagine the world, and the place of the ‘citizen’ in it, the relationships between rulers and the ruled, and the very meaning of ‘democracy’. In this context this working paper develops an approach based on thinking at the IDS about ‘Unruly Politics’, a framework that offers new ways to understand and engage politics and political action. ‘Unruly Politics’ is a broad conceptual space rather than a descriptive or nominal category. Broadly, it is an approach that looks at politics beyond what has conventionally been defined as ‘politics’, institutionally and formally. It is simultaneously the insistence on new languages of politics, the redefinition of spaces of politics, ruptures in the aesthetic regimes of power, and the creation of imaginaries of power beyond what is already intelligible.</p>\u0000 <p>This publication is constituted of 5 pieces in conversation with each other. The first piece, the main paper, brings together theoretical approaches from philosophy, anthropology and activism with four case studies – the Egyptian uprising as one part of the ‘Arab Spring’, the protests in Greece, the hunger-strike that sparked off an anti-corruption movement in India, and the more diffuse context of the role of Information and Communication Technologies such as mobile phones and internet platforms in citizen action. The paper examines new modalities of political action being generated in these contexts and argues that current approaches to citizen action, (approaches concerned either with the relationship between citizens and state apparatus, or identity related collective action) characterised by the assumptions of that politics relates to ‘interests’, or ‘representation’, fail to appreciate the potential of these emergent modalities. The paper also asks whether the framework of ‘citizenship’ is adequate for understanding these modalities, whether ‘conscious engagement’ or explicit ideological interpretation of action is necessary to constitute it as political, how we might understand the role of ICTs in these emergences, the role of the ‘bare life’ in generating unruly political action and the usefulness of the notion of ‘Event’ in understanding the changing face of citizen action. The main paper concludes with a discussion on the cynical deployment of discourse in politics, and argues that several of the recent events might be seen as generating the possibilities of a politics that is <i>not</i> cynical.</p>\u0000 <p>Main paper is followed by three essays written by academics, activists and development practitioners in response to the main paper. Sonia Correa, Shahrukh Alam and Ute Seela each engage the paper from different locations, contesting claims and","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2013 423","pages":"1-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00423.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"106884919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Climate Change Justice: Toward a Risk-Adjusted Social Floor","authors":"Paul B. Siegel,&nbsp;Steen L. Jorgensen","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00426.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00426.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Addressing climate change from social justice and human rights perspectives is a global challenge, and international negotiations dealing with climate change need to incorporate such concerns. This paper reviews existing literature on sustainable development, social justice, human rights, and climate change justice and argues that all approaches lead to a focus on providing everyone a guaranteed social minimum of basic needs, or a social floor. A social floor needs to be dynamic and flexible so that it also includes a risk adjustment (or insurance) component to compensate for the unknown direct and indirect impacts of climate change on households, communities and nations. The proposed globally guaranteed, nationally designed and managed, and locally implemented <i>risk-adjusted social floor</i> is a forward-looking approach to climate change justice that focuses on creating resilient economic, social and environmental systems that are equitable and sustainable. The <i>risk-adjusted social floor</i> is based on UN agreements that guarantee human rights and basic needs, and the security of basic needs. The <i>risk-adjusted social floor</i> is consistent with principles of the UN Social Protection Floor Initiative and the proposed Global Fund for Social Protection. Implementation of a <i>risk-adjusted social floor</i> could draw upon existing social protection practices around the world that deliver basic needs (e.g., conditional cash transfers, use of vouchers, fee waivers, feeding programs, micro-insurance, productive safety nets), along with advances in the use of early warning and rapid response systems to target and deliver emergency assistance. There are also innovations in global insurance instruments and risk pooling methods. The <i>risk-adjusted social floor</i> integrates key aspects of risk-based and rights-based approaches to social protection and poverty reduction.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2013 426","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00426.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92300741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Banking on Food: The State of Food Banks in High-income Countries","authors":"Ugo Gentilini","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00415.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00415.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Food banks provide food to charities and other grassroots organisations for supporting vulnerable populations. As such, they tend to complement more institutionalised, state-provided safety net programmes. This paper is a first attempt to estimate the total number of people supported by food banks in high-income countries (HICs). The analysis shows that nearly 60 million people turn annually to food banks in ‘rich’ nations – that is, a level similar to the entire population of France or Italy and representing about 7.2 per cent of the HIC population. Such level could be considered a conservative estimate. This scenario suggests a number of implications for social protection policy, as well as opening new frontiers for food assistance practice, partnerships and applied research. The paper concludes that (i) the need for food banks will likely stay high or even increase further in the coming future; (ii) food bank models, activities and operations require further review, appraisal and documentation; (iii) debates should not confuse responses to and causes of poverty, food insecurity and socio-economic marginalisation; and (iv) the nature, context and objectives of food assistance in advanced economies are different from those in developing countries, although scope for galvanising cooperation exists.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2013 415","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00415.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"111007561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Accountability through Conselhos Consultivos in Mozambique: PROGOAS Case Study","authors":"Marco Faehndrich,&nbsp;Ilídio Nhantumbo","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2012.00420.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2012.00420.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent years accountability has become a buzzword in the development agenda. Even though evidence of its impact remains weak, the underlying assumption is that accountability will result in empowerment, improved quality of democratic governance, and development effectiveness. It is therefore a crucial issue for Mozambique, where good governance is widely seen as one of the biggest challenges in the decentralisation process and poverty reduction strategies.</p>\u0000 <p>This case study explores the possible factors that enable or hinder accountability initiatives in Mozambique, focusing on the Governance, Water and Sanitation Programme (PROGOAS) implemented by Helvetas Swiss Intercooperation (HELVETAS) and co-financed by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). It examines how public and social accountability can be promoted in a fragile context in terms of institutional capacity and legitimacy, and looks at the constraints and opportunities encountered by <i>conselhos consultivos</i>, a recent and promising institution in Mozambique.</p>\u0000 <p>Based on a survey, several interviews, a power analysis and the authors' personal observations, this study concludes that PROGOAS can advance public accountability at the local level, especially when different approaches, such as capacity building, radio programmes and local governance self-assessments, are combined and developed. However, public accountability is also influenced by other endogenous variables of local governance, such as functionality, representation, participation in decision making and power relations, which can be addressed only partially by programme activities.</p>\u0000 <p>No evidence was found that an external actor such as PROGOAS can contribute in the short run to the emergence of sustainable initiatives that manifest themselves through <i>conselhos consultivos</i>. The programme can sow seeds and create a fertile ground, especially through capacity development and dissemination of information. But local civil society is still too fragmented, weak and aid dependent to play an autonomous role. It is therefore likely that citizens will create new political spaces and adopt new forms of power only as a result of increasing decentralisation, public accountability and local development.</p>\u0000 <p>For this reason, it is suggested that INGOs and national NGOs should play a supporting role at all levels of the political system, creating an enabling environment for accountability from the bottom to the top. In particular, they should embody accountability throughout planning, implementation and monitoring processes by sharing information, knowledge and opinions with stakeholders, beneficiaries and the general public; they should strengthen local organisations and their capacity to hold local authorities more accountable; sensitise local authorities by emphasising incentives for accountability; they should provide an information","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2013 420","pages":"1-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2012.00420.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113300609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rent Management – The Heart of Green Industrial Policy","authors":"Hubert Schmitz,&nbsp;Oliver Johnson,&nbsp;Tilman Altenburg","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00418.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00418.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At the heart of green industrial policy is rent management: government creating and withdrawing opportunities for highly profitable investment. This paper asks what the key factors are for rent management to succeed. Drawing on a range of literatures the paper first deals with the critical success factors for ‘normal’ rent management and then turns to one of the most pressing and controversial issues of our time: how to bring about the transition to renewable energy. This is extra challenging because technological uncertainties are high, time horizons for investment are long, yet action is required now. The paper suggests that responding to these challenges requires above all a political approach to rent management. The critical success factors for managing such policy rents are those that enable it to mitigate four risks: political capture by private investors and allied policy makers; choosing the wrong instruments; targeting the wrong sectors or technologies; and doing too little. The paper concludes that a public-private-civic alliance is needed to deal with the most fundamental risk of governments doing too little and not achieving the scaling up of green investment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2013 418","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00418.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137695750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Better Provincial Governance Boost Private Investment in Vietnam?","authors":"Neil McCulloch,&nbsp;Edmund Malesky,&nbsp;Nhat Nguyen Duc","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00414.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00414.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A large literature asserts a causal relationship between the quality of economic governance and economic performance. However, attempts to establish such a link at an aggregate level have met with considerable methodological criticism. This paper seeks to overcome this limitation. We match a panel of Vietnamese enterprises from 2006–2010 with a unique panel dataset measuring sub-national economic governance, and then exploit rules on the terms of local leaders and the mandatory retirement age to try to estimate a causal link between local governance and domestic private investment. With one exception, we do not find a significant relationship between most aspects of local economic governance and private investment. The exception is transparency, which is strongly associated with higher investment, although the weakness of our instruments makes it difficult to determine the size of the effect. Our results have significant implications for policy, given the prevailing assumption that changes in the quality of local economic governance will spur improved economic performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2013 414","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00414.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"98565934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies of Feminist Bureaucrats: Perspectives from International NGOs","authors":"Ines Smyth,&nbsp;Laura Turquet,&nbsp;Rosalind Eyben","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2012.00396.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2012.00396.x","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This paper explores the challenges and opportunities for feminists working as women's rights and gender equality specialists in international non-governmental development organisations, as analysed from an insider practitioner perspective. Part 1 identifies the strategies used and the challenges encountered when Turquet lobbied DFID on its gender equality policy while struggling to avoid marginalisation within her own organisation, Action Aid. In Part 2, Smyth describes how she left Oxfam for a year to work in the Asian Development Bank and uses this experience to consider the strategic opportunities available to a gender specialist working in an NGO such as Oxfam as compared with working in an international finance institution.","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2012 396","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2012.00396.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"110974568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies of Feminist Bureaucrats: United Nations Experiences","authors":"Joanne Sandler,&nbsp;Aruna Rao,&nbsp;Rosalind Eyben","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2012.00397.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2012.00397.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper explores the challenges and opportunities for feminists working as women's rights and gender equality specialists in the United Nations as analysed from a practitioner perspective. Part 1 by Joanne Sandler analyses the experience of feminists struggling with the institutional sexism of the UN bureaucratic machine and shows how this played out in the difficult but ultimately successful negotiations around the creation of UN Women. In Part 2, Aruna Rao describes how cross-agency UN Gender Theme Groups worked together through a process of reflexive inquiry to strengthen the gender equality programming of three UN Country Teams, respectively in Morocco, Albania and Nepal.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2012 397","pages":"1-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2012.00397.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"102570249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shocks and social protection in the Horn of Africa: analysis from the Productive Safety Net programme in Ethiopia","authors":"Christophe Béné,&nbsp;Stephen Devereux,&nbsp;Rachel Sabates-Wheeler","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2012.00395.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2012.00395.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using panel data from the Ethiopian Productive Safety Net Program, this paper explores the degree to which this social protection programme has been successful in protecting its beneficiaries against the various shocks that have affected the Horn of Africa in the recent past. The analysis suggests that although the PSNP has managed to improve households’ food security and wellbeing, the positive effects of the programme are not robust enough to shield recipients completely against the impacts of severe shocks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2012 395","pages":"1-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2012.00395.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"111319411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}