IDS Working Papers最新文献

{"title":"IDS Working Paper Research Summary 352: ‘Mobile Love Videos Make Me Feel Healthy’: Rethinking ICTs for Development","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00352_1.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00352_1.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2010 352","pages":"i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00352_1.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137816112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Mobile Love Videos Make Me Feel Healthy’: Rethinking ICTs for Development","authors":"Indira Maya Ganesh","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00352_2.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00352_2.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ICT4D discourses tell stories of poor farmers using the internet to compare crop prices, and nurses who use SMS to remind people to take their anti-retrovirals. Do nurses also use work-mobiles to make private phone calls? Do farmers surf for pornography when they are supposed to be comparing crop prices? In the ICTs for Development discourse, ICTs are positioned as tools and processes to fight poverty and facilitate empowerment through economic and educational gains; I argue that this discourse ignores the diverse ways in which the poor and the marginalised use media technologies in their everyday lives for social networking, entertainment, to produce and participate in intimate and erotic economies, and to express and experience their sexuality, relationships, pleasure and intimacy in ways that could also be considered empowering. Media use (like development) is an area where sexualities are actively made and remade. ICT4D needs to include an understanding of the potential emotional and sexual effects of interventions. Ethnographic studies of media consumption and use are needed to provide a deeper understanding of sexuality in a way that contributes to applications in a development context.</p>\u0000 <p>This paper presents one such ethnographic study on how a community uses mobile phones, with the hope that it may provide clues and cues for people and organisations working across these related areas of ICT4D, sexuality, culture and gender. This paper presents a short pilot project of in-depth interviews with six self-identified Kothis, a South Asian feminine male identity. This was supported by observations of and participation in weekly support group meetings in an HIV related NGO of which they are members. The study finds that ICTs changes possibilities for finding sex, love and social mobility, as well as presenting new channels for harassment by police and others.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2010 352","pages":"01-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00352_2.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"112440726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citizenship and Displacement","authors":"Lyla Mehta,&nbsp;Rebecca Napier-Moore","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00354_2.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00354_2.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Crucial for displaced people is citizenship (or the lack of it). In conventional terms, citizenship is seen as political membership in a given nation-state through which citizens possess civil, political, economic and social rights. Most states, however, have groups within them who do not belong and are denied citizenship rights, even though they may have formal citizenship. In particular, displaced people (both within and crossing borders) are denied formal citizenship and rights but are claiming them, subjectively seeing their <i>de facto</i> experience as lived citizenship. Protest, claim assertion and transnational alliances are manifest ways of struggling for those rights. Much of the existing literature tends to focus top-down understandings of displaced people as citizens/non-citizens and the formal processes available (or not available) to them, ignoring the importance of informal processes as well as local agency and practice. This paper explores the informal processes and feelings of belonging through case study examples, linking them to changing dynamics in different displacement regimes (e.g. refugee, IDP – internally displaced people – and DID – (development-induced displacement). We look at impacts of globalisation and changing international and national legal structures to bottom-up and lived notions of citizenship. The paper also examines displacement in light of differing theoretical meanings of citizenship, asking to what extent the forced migrant is a global or transnational citizen.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2010 354","pages":"01-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00354_2.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107017753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDS Working Paper Research Summary 348: Global Poverty Reduction to 2015 and Beyond: What has been the Impact of the MDGs and what are the Options for a Post-2015 Global Framework?","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00348_1.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00348_1.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2010 348","pages":"i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00348_1.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109173775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDS Working Paper Research Summary 347: So What Difference Does it Make? Mapping the Outcomes of Citizen Engagement","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00347_1.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00347_1.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2010 347","pages":"i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00347_1.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137880882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-level Governance and Security: The Security Sector Reform Process in the Central African Republic","authors":"Niagalé Bagayoko","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00351_2.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00351_2.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper analyses how the security sector reform (SSR) process in the Central African Republic has been defined and then implemented, putting emphasis on the interactions between national and international actors. Therefore, it advocates an approach which consists of expanding the agenda of the traditional multi-level governance approach and which seeks to seize both the top-down and the bottom-up dynamics of decision-making processes. The first objective is to capture the sets of actors and procedures which drive the reform process, and to map out the various levels of government at which decisions are made. Secondly – and more fundamentally – is to capture the intermingling of domestic and international decision-making processes which increasingly overlap and interfere with each other in Southern countries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2010 351","pages":"01-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00351_2.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91939180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Poverty and the New Bottom Billion: What if Three-quarters of the World's Poor Live in Middle-income Countries?","authors":"Andy Sumner","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00349_2.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00349_2.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper argues that the global poverty problem has changed because most of the world's poor no longer live in low income countries (LICs). Previously, poverty was viewed as an LIC issue predominantly; nowadays such simplistic assumptions/classifications are misleading because some large countries that graduated into the MIC category still have large numbers of poor people. In 1990, we estimate 93 per cent of the world's poor lived in LICs; contrastingly in 2007–8 three quarters of the world's poor approximately 1.3bn lived in middle-income countries (MICs) and about a quarter of the world's poor, approximately 370mn people live in the remaining 39 low-income countries – largely in sub-Saharan Africa.</p>\u0000 <p>This startling change over two decades implies a new ‘bottom billion’ who do not live in fragile and conflict-affected states, but in stable, middle-income countries. Such global patterns are evident across monetary, nutritional and multi-dimensional poverty measures. This paper argues the general pattern is robust enough to warrant further investigation and discussion.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2010 349","pages":"01-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00349_2.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109654824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Poverty Reduction to 2015 and Beyond: What has been the Impact of the MDGs and what are the Options for a Post-2015 Global Framework?","authors":"Andy Sumner,&nbsp;Meera Tiwari","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00348_2.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00348_2.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this paper is to assess the policy impact of the MDGs and to begin to ask questions about any post-2015 global framework. The paper asks a series of questions and, in doing so, reviews the impact of the MDGs on policy and outcomes. The paper argues that the MDGs have had substantial but uneven policy impacts and post-2015 a more explicit and shared ownership of both South and North in any new deal is essential, as is attention to a changed world compared with that of the late 1990s. We outline three stylised options for a post-2015 framework in order to trigger further debate and propose that debate be led by a global commission.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2010 348","pages":"01-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00348_2.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"101174996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the Impact of the Food, Fuel and Financial Crises on Zambian Households","authors":"Neil McCulloch,&nbsp;Amit Grover","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00350_2.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00350_2.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper combines nationally representative household survey data from Zambia in 2006, with detailed, spatially disaggregated, price data, to simulate the likely welfare impacts of the prices changes arising from the food, fuel and financial crises between 2006 and 2009. We find that urban households, particularly the poorest, were very hard hit by both the rises in food prices in 2008 and in non-food prices in 2009. However, agricultural households in rural areas generally benefited from the food price rises. The key determinant of impact was whether a household is a net producer or a net consumer of food. Our results are robust to a wide range of assumptions about wage changes over the period. However, the poor quality of data on wages and non-farm business income make it impossible to provide a definitive account of welfare changes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2010 350","pages":"01-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00350_2.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"98117868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paris in Bogotá: Applying the Aid Effectiveness Agenda in Colombia","authors":"Rosemary McGee,&nbsp;Irma García Heredia","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00342_2.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00342_2.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent research in the field of development aid persuasively problematises aid relationships and begins to reveal their significance for the real-life application and effectiveness of international development cooperation. Until insights from such research percolate through aid machineries such as the OECD DAC and its workings, the country-level consequences of universal aid frameworks and prescriptions will continue to be insufficiently foreseen, and in some cases unexpectedly problematic.</p>\u0000 <p>This paper is about an in-depth, qualitative study of the application of the Paris Declaration (PD) on Aid Effectiveness in Colombia. This middle-income, non-aid-dependent country with a prolonged and complex internal armed conflict and a poor human rights record, hitherto on the margins of international aid circles, has fast assumed a high-profile role in them via its adoption of the PD. The study stemmed from a conviction that PD application in Colombia has unanticipated consequences, with under-appreciated impacts on the strategies of donors and social actors. Donors are subject to an attempt to push them (back) into a technocratic corner. In this politically complex context where donors’ presence owes at least as much to concerns over Colombia's international human rights performance as to classic aid donor concerns with widespread extreme poverty, this is worrying and undesirable.</p>\u0000 <p>It also has serious implications for the tripartite aid dialogue process established in 2003, involving Government, donors and social actors. This, for all its flaws and frustrations, is unique and important in a historic context of polarised, antagonistic and violent relationships between the state and left-wing advocates of human rights and social democratic principles.</p>\u0000 <p>It will require skilful and opportunistic responses by both donors and social organisations to turn this conjuncture to their favour, in the sense of strengthening their leverage on the Government in relation to human rights, poverty, conflict and democratic governance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2010 342","pages":"01-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00342_2.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"96354032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}