IDS Working Papers最新文献

{"title":"Violence, Security and Democracy: Perverse Interfaces and their Implications for States and Citizens in the Global South","authors":"Jenny Pearce, Rosemary McGee, Joanna Wheeler","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00357_2.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00357_2.x","url":null,"abstract":"Summary \u0000How does violence affect the everyday lives of citizens in the global South? Researching this theme under the aegis of the Violence, Participation and Citizenship group of the Citizenship DRC coordinated by IDS, we generated some answers, but also more questions, which this paper starts to explore. Why have democratisation processes failed to fulfil expectations of violence reduction in the global South? How does violence affect democracy and vice versa? Why does security practice in much of the global South not build secure environments? When examined empirically from the perspectives of poor Southern citizens, the interfaces between violence, security and democracy – assumed in conventional state and democratisation theory to be positive or benign – are often, in fact, perverse. \u0000 \u0000Empirically-based reflection on these questions leads us to two propositions, which the paper then explores through the use of secondary literature. In essence: \u0000 \u0000Proposition 1: Violence interacts perversely with democratic institutions, eroding their legitimacy and effectiveness. Democracy fails to deliver its promise of replacing the violence with accommodation and compromise, and democratic process is compromised, with citizens reacting by withdrawing from public spaces, accepting the authority of non-state actors, or supporting hard-line responses. \u0000 \u0000Proposition 2: Security provision is not making people feel more secure. State responses to rising violence can strengthen state and non-state security actors committed to reproducing violence, disproportionately affecting the poorest communities. \u0000 \u0000These ‘perverse interfaces’, we argue, warrant research in themselves, rather than minimal or tangential consideration in research on democracy, as tends to be the case. Further research needs to adopt fresh epistemological, methodological and analytical perspectives and seek to re-think and re-frame categories and concepts, rather than working within the received wisdoms of state and democratisation theory.","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2011 357","pages":"01-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00357_2.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"110612460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Political Economy of Stabilisation Funds: Measuring their Success in Resource-Dependent Countries","authors":"Gustavo Yudi Bagattini","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00356_2.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00356_2.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper seeks to make a meaningful contribution to the literature on the use of stabilisation funds in resource-dependent countries, by proposing a new manner by which to measure their effectiveness. Since the 1950s, over 30 countries have used these instruments to stabilise resource revenues into their budgets to avoid the resource curse and Dutch disease and/or to save income from non-renewables. As has been documented by case studies, these countries have had a mixed record in attaining their goals.</p>\u0000 <p>This paper is novel in that it aggregates quantitative results of fund performance through the compilation of a new database of detailed fiscal indicators for, put together through the extraction of data from hundreds of IMF documents containing official government data. The cross-country analysis of fiscal performance provides a new direction for the measurement of the effectiveness of stabilisation funds and the underlying political economy reasons for their success or failure.</p>\u0000 <p>Because these funds serve a purpose of both stabilisation and savings, it is argued that their effectiveness should be measured by a <i>success</i> variable which is an indicator of sustainable fiscal performance. This is defined by its impact along three dimensions: fiscal revenues, fiscal expenditures and savings. By looking at the underlying economic and political conditions, as well as the attributes of stabilisation funds which drive <i>success</i>, some interesting conclusions are reached.</p>\u0000 <p>First, stabilisation funds matter. Although there is no <i>a priori</i> economic reason to create one, their presence leads to better fiscal outcomes.</p>\u0000 <p>Second, the governance of stabilisation funds is the most important factor in determining their success. An independent civil service is positive for success, while open and regulated political systems are actually found to be detrimental, contrary to what the literature assumed.</p>\u0000 <p>Finally, the rules of the stabilisation fund are also crucial. Discretion over resources is negative for <i>success</i>, while earmarking is positive. This means that these funds work best when they are relatively rigid and less susceptible to capture by politicians.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2011 356","pages":"01-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00356_2.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107897957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefiting the Resource Rich: How Can International Development Policy Help Tame the Resource Curse?","authors":"Gøril Havro,&nbsp;Javier Santiso","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00355_2.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00355_2.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While natural resource revenues ought to enable development, past experiences with the ‘Paradox of Plenty’ have shown that mineral and oil wealth often represents a curse rather than a blessing, inducing slower growth and higher levels of poverty. Many resource rich countries have high poverty rates and are among recipients of international aid. This paper looks at how lessons from successful resource rich countries can provide lessons for resource management. It also considers how international donors can act to facilitate such processes.</p>\u0000 <p>Norway and Chile are small open economies with high concentration in petroleum and copper, respectively. Yet the interaction between good institutions and fiscal policy, facilitated by the use of resource funds, has allowed both countries to largely escape the resource curse. Both countries have prioritised institutional development before engaging in heavy resource extraction. Maintaining a broad tax base, developing linkages to the rest of the economy, investing in human capital, and engaging in political consensus-building have helped retain incentives that limit rent-seeking.</p>\u0000 <p>Many countries facing high inflows of natural resource rents also have weak institutions. For these countries, strengthening institutions through developing the skill and efficiency of civil servants and committing to transparency and accountability can help change the pay-offs from engaging in corrupt practices or rent-seeking. Yet in many cases, large-scale institution building might be beyond these countries' immediate capacity, leaving an important opportunity for international donors. Aid, in the traditional sense, is not the solution to the resource curse. Once the natural resource revenues have started flowing, resource rich countries are not primarily in need of further financial inflows. Fostering long-term development here is rather a question of technical support and capacity building, support for international anti-corruption mechanisms and imposing transparency and legal requirements on national companies operating in these countries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2011 355","pages":"01-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00355_2.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137872416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDS Working Paper Research Summary 350: Estimating the Impact of the Food, Fuel and Financial Crises on Zambian Households","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00350_1.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00350_1.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2010 350","pages":"i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00350_1.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137683976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDS Working Paper Research Summary 349: Global Poverty And The New Bottom Billion: What If Three-Quarters Of The World's Poor Live in Middle-Income Countries?","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00349_1.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00349_1.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2010 349","pages":"i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00349_1.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137851034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDS Working Paper Research Summary 351: Multi-level Governance and Security: The Security Sector Reform Process in the Central African Republic","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00351_1.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00351_1.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2010 351","pages":"i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00351_1.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91840613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDS Working Paper Research Summary 354: Citizenship and Displacement","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00354_1.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00354_1.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2010 354","pages":"i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00354_1.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137851035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDS Working Paper Research Summary 345: Adaptive Social Protection: Mapping the Evidence and Policy Context in the Agriculture Sector in South Asia","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00345_1.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00345_1.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2010 345","pages":"i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00345_1.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137853049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Perceptions of International Development and Support for Aid in the UK: Results of a Qualitative Enquiry","authors":"Spencer Henson,&nbsp;Johanna Lindstrom,&nbsp;Lawrence Haddad,&nbsp;Rajendra Mulmi","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00353_2.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00353_2.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aid budgets face immense pressure – despite overseas aid being critical for poverty alleviation in developing countries and the explicit commitments of the world's industrialised countries to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Public support for international development and aid will play a key role. Will the public become unsure about the UK's aid budget when they begin to feel cuts in government expenditure at home? How well equipped are we to ‘sell’ the UK's aid programme to a sceptical public in times of economic austerity? This working paper presents the results of a qualitative enquiry into public perceptions of international development and aid in the UK. Using data from the Mass Observation Project (MOP) at the University of Sussex, the authors investigate the views of 185 members of the general public.</p>\u0000 <p>The study finds that, while people can conjure up ideas of why poverty exists, they know very little about the confluence of factors that actually drive poverty and/or the daily lives of the poor. Thus, poverty is seen as caused primarily by bad governments and natural disasters, almost as a stereotype. People have major doubts about the effectiveness of aid, perhaps reflecting the fact that they tend to be much better at picturing aid ‘failure’ than aid ‘success’. Nonetheless, there is support for aid in principle; people think that the UK has a responsibility to help the poor in developing countries, primarily on ethical grounds.</p>\u0000 <p>This research has clear implications for the way in which the UK communicates with the British public about aid and development and the authors suggest a more considered approach that recognises the complexities of aid and is honest about what works and what doesn't. The paper concludes with a call for further research to fill the knowledge gaps that still exist about the drivers of public support for development and how those drivers can be influenced.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2010 353","pages":"01-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00353_2.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"104359816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDS Working Paper Research Summary 353: Public Perceptions of International Development and Support for Aid in the UK: Results of a Qualitative Enquiry","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00353_1.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00353_1.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2010 353","pages":"i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00353_1.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137507257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}