Green Analytical Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"One-step extraction for a high throughput multiresidue analysis of chiral and achiral pesticides in milk","authors":"Massimo Giuseppe De Cesaris ,&nbsp;Giulia Bertini ,&nbsp;Chiara Dal Bosco ,&nbsp;Nina Felli ,&nbsp;Elena Lucci ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Antonelli ,&nbsp;Salvatore Fanali ,&nbsp;Alessandra Gentili","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pesticides are among the potential contaminants of cow's milk, but the literature is lacking in methods aimed at the analysis of chiral pesticides even if many of them are massively used as racemates. Owing to the different toxicity and biodegradation rate of enantiomers, their analysis is a urgent need in a fundamental staple such as milk, especially because it is a food highly consumed by children. The following work describes a high throughput method for the simultaneous analysis of eleven pesticides, five out of which are racemic mixtures of optical isomers and one is an equimolar mixture of geometric isomers. The extraction procedure allows one to process 18 milk samples per hour thanks to its quickness and ease, albeit the matrix complexity. Two approaches, typically applied for protein precipitation separately (lowering of the medium dielectric constant with cold acetonitrile and salting out effect with ammonium sulphate), were combined to maximize protein removal. The salting out phenomenon also promoted the water/acetonitrile separation and favoured the analyte transfer into the organic phase. After evaporation, the reconstituted extracts were analysed by enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography combined with dual-polarity tandem mass spectrometry, allowing the complete separation of seventeen chromatographic peaks in a 15-min run. The method was then validated following the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and its updates. Absolute recoveries, evaluated at three fortification levels, spanned between 69.4 and 88.5 %. The intra-day and inter-day precision was lower than 10.5 % and 17.5 %, respectively. Besides decision limits and detection capabilities, limits of detection (0.011–1.622 μg/kg) and limits of quantitation (0.103–3.770 μg/kg) were also calculated. Calibration curves were built in matrix, in a linear dynamic range between 0.1–60 μg/kg, with determination coefficients higher than 0.9924. The method was finally evaluated with four metrics (AgreePrep, BAGI, SPMS, complexMo-GAPI) and compared with other methods from the literature, showing higher analytical standards, throughput and practicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficiency of soxhlet and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) methods for dioxin/furan analysis in ash samples: A green chemistry perspective","authors":"Xuan Hung Nguyen ,&nbsp;Duc Nam Vu ,&nbsp;Quang Minh Bui ,&nbsp;Quang Trung Nguyen ,&nbsp;Anh Tuan Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soxhlet extraction method was developed several hundred years ago, remains the standard method for dioxin/furan extraction today. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), a modern technique, was designed to address some of the limitations of Soxhlet extraction, including longer extraction times, excessive solvent use, and limited automation. Fly ash and bottom ash samples collected from an aluminum scrap smelter were analyzed for dioxins and furans using both ASE and Soxhlet methods, followed by analysis on HRGC/HRMS equipment. The TEQ values of PCDD/Fs in the fly ash and bottom ash samples were found to be 3,689 ng TEQ/kg and 13.7 ng TEQ/kg, respectively. The congeners OCDF, OCDD, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD were the most dominant in the fly ash samples. The recovery efficiency of the spiked 13C isotope standards and native standards, used to assess the extraction efficiency, was high and met the requirements set forth in US EPA 1613b method. Deviations in the results for the 17 dioxin/furan congeners in the fly ash and bottom ash samples extracted by the two methods ranged from -15.5 % to 25.6 % and -15.0 % to 32.9 %, respectively, both of which fall within the acceptable range according to AOAC guidelines for method performance. ASE extraction, performed under high temperature and pressure conditions, yields faster extraction times, reduced solvent usage, enhanced operator safety, lower energy consumption, and higher automation compared to Soxhlet extraction. The green score assessment results using AGREE Prep software indicate that the ASE extraction method is more environmentally friendly and safer than Soxhlet extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the molecular interactions of 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, and malathion with antioxidant enzymes and their relevance to oxidative stress","authors":"Prem Rajak,&nbsp;Abhratanu Ganguly,&nbsp;Sayantani Nanda","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxidative stress is a detrimental condition that occurs when there is an imbalance between sub-cellular antioxidants and free radicals. Endogenous antioxidants actively scavenge free radicals and prevent oxidative stress. Pesticides can affect antioxidant activities. However, molecular interactions between the pesticides and endogenous antioxidants are not clear. Hence, objective of the present study is to dissect the intermolecular interactions between the widely-used pesticides (4,4′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, 4,4′-DDE; imidacloprid, IMD; lambda-cyhalothrin, CYH; malathion, MAL) and major antioxidant enzymes (Glutathione peroxidase-4, Glutathione S-Transferase, Catalase, Glutathione reductase, Superoxide dismutase-1) that might be responsible for altered enzyme activities and induction of oxidative stress. The binding affinity analysis using AutoDock vina and Discovery Studio Visualizer was conducted to unveil the potential intermolecular interactions between the pesticides and antioxidants. In the results, 4,4′-DDE, IMD, CYH, and MAL interacted with the antioxidants through stable hydrogen bonds, carbon-hydrogen bonds, van der Waals, and other hydrophobic interactions. Additionally, considerable binding affinities between the pesticides and enzymes were noted. ADME analyses have also revealed that the majority of pesticides can cross GI, exhibit low to high water solubility, and follow Lipinski's rule. Hence, results of the present study suggest that pesticides can potentially interact with antioxidants to modulate their catalytic activity and induce oxidative stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-LC with new neutral monolith for biomolecule separation","authors":"Cemil Aydoğan ,&nbsp;Sinan Bayındır ,&nbsp;Halise Avcil ,&nbsp;Bayram Yurt","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new capillary monolith based on the co-polymerization of 2-napthylmethacrylate (NMM) as the functional monomer and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as the crosslinker was introduced for nano-LC. Porogenic solvent was composed of cyclohexanol and 1-dodecanol. The influence of both monomer and porogenic solvent on the monolithic structure was investigated. The characterization of NMM monolithic column was performed using scanning electron microscopy and chromatographic analyses. It was shown that the developed NMM monolith produced over than 43.280 plates/m. Homologous alkylbenzenes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons were chromatographed on the final NMM monolith, allowing promising hydrophobic and π-π interactions. Column-to column and run-to-run and reproducibility values were found as 2.4–3.2 % and &lt;2.47 %, respectively. The developed monolith was further applied for biomolecule separation. Three dipeptides (e.g. Ala-Tyr, Gly-Phe and <span>l</span>-carnosine) and five standard proteins, namely ribonuclease A, α-chymotrypsinogen, lysozyme, cytochrome C, Myoglobine were separated using the monolith in order to evaluate its potential. Both peptides and proteins were well separated using the NMM monolith in nano-LC, indicating promising alternative for sensitive chromatographic analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the removal of Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from water using destructive and non-destructive methods","authors":"Hafiz Nawaz Hussain ,&nbsp;Muhammad Idrees Jilani ,&nbsp;Faiza Imtiaz ,&nbsp;Toheed Ahmed ,&nbsp;Muhammad Bilal Arshad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Mudassar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Noman Sharif","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent synthetic chemicals with strong carbon-fluorine (C-F) bonds, making them resistant to environmental degradation. Their widespread presence in groundwater, surface water, and drinking water, particularly subtypes like PFOS and PFOA, highlights a critical need for effective removal methods. Current challenges include the durability of PFAS bonds and the environmental mobility of these substances. This study hypothesizes that adsorption offers a scalable and cost-effective approach for PFAS remediation. Using advanced adsorbent materials, the research evaluates the efficiency of adsorption technologies and their applicability to real-world scenarios. Results demonstrate the potential of novel adsorbents to achieve high PFAS removal rates while minimizing secondary contamination risks. The study concludes that aligning these solutions with evolving environmental regulations and assessing their cost and scalability are vital for tackling PFAS pollution effectively. This research contributes actionable insights to the development of sustainable PFAS management strategies, addressing critical gaps in large-scale applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive assessment of greenness of ICP-OES methods for determination of metals","authors":"Aesha Bhalodia,&nbsp;Sonal Desai","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper evaluates the greenness of Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) methods for determination metal and metalloid. ICP-OES is a precise technique for multi-element quantification, making it vital for environmental monitoring by detecting trace levels of toxic elements like cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic. Using greenness assessment tools such as GAPI (Green Analytical Procedure Index), MoGAPI (Modified Green Analytical Procedure Index), AGREE (Analytical GREEnness Metric), AGREEprep (Analytical Greenness Metric for Sample Preparation), BAGI (Blue Applicability Grade Index) and ChlorTox (Chloroform oriented Toxicity Estimation Scale), 16 methods were evaluated for their environmental sustainability. These tools provide insights into the eco-friendliness of selected ICP-OES techniques, highlighting its benefits for greener and safer analytical processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a novel simultaneous equation and Q-absorbance ratio method for the quantitative estimation of atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide in combined tablet dosage forms: A green analytical chemistry approach","authors":"Ashok H. Akabari ,&nbsp;Divya K. Solanki ,&nbsp;Sagarkumar K. Patel ,&nbsp;Palak Desai ,&nbsp;Gamit Jainisha ,&nbsp;Bhavesh Patel ,&nbsp;Birenkumar N. Shah ,&nbsp;Ketan V. Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to develop and validate novel UV spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous estimation of atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical dosage forms and bulk. The proposed methods are Simultaneous Equation and Q-Absorbance Ratio methods offer a cost-effective, eco-friendly alternative to chromatographic techniques. The λ_max of atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide were identified at 224.00 nm and 234.00 nm, respectively, with an isoabsorptive point at 229.00 nm for the Q-Absorbance Ratio method. The validation followed ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines, demonstrating excellent linearity (R² &gt; 0.99 for both drugs), accuracy (98.5 %–101.2 %), precision (%RSD &lt; 2 %), and sensitivity (LOD: 1.61 µg/mL for atenolol, 0.78 µg/mL for hydrochlorothiazide). The developed methods were successfully applied to a marketed formulation, showing recovery rates within acceptable limits. The environmental sustainability of these methods was assessed using ComplexGAPI, AGREE, Analytical Eco-Scale, ChlorTox WHN, and CHEMS-1 tools. The AGREE score (0.71) and ComplexGAPI assessment (eight green attributes, two red) confirmed superior eco-friendliness over reported HPLC methods (AGREE: 0.62). ChlorTox scores further validated minimal toxicity risks. This research highlights an efficient, accurate, and environmentally benign alternative for atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide analysis, aligning with green analytical chemistry principles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paving the way towards green contaminant analysis: Strategies and considerations for sustainable analytical chemistry","authors":"Adrián Fuente-Ballesteros,&nbsp;Ana M. Ares,&nbsp;José Bernal","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contaminant analysis is essential for protecting environmental integrity, ensuring food safety, and safeguarding public health. However, traditional analytical methodologies, while robust and precise, often rely on resource-intensive practices that pose significant environmental challenges. This review delves into strategies for transitioning towards greener contaminant analysis, focusing on the integration of sustainable practices without compromising analytical performance. It discusses the application of green chemistry principles and white analytical methods, emphasizing their role in addressing the growing need for eco-friendly approaches in analytical chemistry. Key strategies for greener contaminant analysis are explored in depth, including: (1) in situ measurements, (2) green solvents, (3) miniaturization and automation, (4) advanced materials, (5) greenness in chromatography, (6) energy consumption, and (7) waste management and circular economy. Additionally, recent case studies are highlighted to showcase the practical implementation of these strategies in real-world scenarios. As the emergence and study of contaminants continue to gain prominence in analytical chemistry, the shift towards more sustainable analytical techniques becomes increasingly critical. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current trends, strategies, and future perspectives driving the development of greener methodologies in contaminant analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eutectic solvent mixtures in environmental contaminants analysis: A review on current trends and future perspectives","authors":"Andrea Schincaglia ,&nbsp;Alberto Cavazzini ,&nbsp;Luisa Pasti ,&nbsp;Giorgia Purcaro ,&nbsp;Marco Beccaria","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review provides an overview of recent advancements in applying eutectic solvents (ES) to extract and quantify a wide range of environmental contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, plasticizers, metals, and emerging pollutants. The unique physicochemical properties of ES, such as low volatility, thermal stability, and tunable solvation capabilities, align with green analytical chemistry principles, making them attractive alternatives to conventional organic solvents. In particular, ES-based microextraction techniques have emerged as promising strategies to reduce hazardous solvent consumption and minimize waste. Despite these advantages, specific challenges persist, including insufficient toxicity and biodegradability data, incomplete understanding of their long-term environmental fate, and difficulties in meeting regulatory requirements when using ES as extraction media. By evaluating current practices and pinpointing areas that require further investigation, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art, guiding future research toward more informed applications of ES in environmental contaminant analysis and fostering the adoption of sustainable microextraction approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of neonicotinoids and other residues in orange pollen by micro-QuEChERS and UHPLC–MS/MS","authors":"Gabriela Brito Almeida ,&nbsp;Jordana Alves Ferreira ,&nbsp;Robson R.M. Barizon ,&nbsp;Sonia C.N. Queiroz ,&nbsp;Carla Beatriz Grespan Bottoli","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Producers of citrus crops use different types of insecticides, such as neonicotinoids, to combat pests and diseases of these cultures. Neonicotinoids are systemic insecticides and are translocated to the plant tissue, which may leave residues in pollen and cause adverse effects on bees. Pesticide contamination of pollen is also a food safety issue in human nutrition since the product is consumed as a food supplement. Therefore, the determination of these pesticides in pollen is important to help understand their effects on bees because pollen is their main nutrient source. In this work, we developed and validated a method using UHPLC–MS/MS to determine pesticide residues in orange pollen using micro-QuEChERS extraction, which uses low consumption of solvent, sample, and reagents. The analytical method demonstrated linearity over the range of 50 to 1000 μg kg⁻¹, with a correlation coefficient of ≥0.990. Trueness and precision were assessed using spiked samples, analyzed in quintuplicate at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg kg⁻¹. Trueness values ranged between 81 and 115 %, while precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), was consistently below 20 %. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was established at 50 μg kg⁻¹, with acceptable precision and accuracy observed at this level. Experimental treatment samples showed high concentrations of clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam, while in commercial samples, the analytes were below the LOQ or not detected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}