Green Analytical Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasonic-aided dispersive solid-phase microextraction employing magnetic halloysite nano clay for simultaneous preconcentration of lead (II) and cadmium (II)","authors":"Nyeleti Bridget Mabaso ,&nbsp;Mthokozisi Mnguni ,&nbsp;Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo ,&nbsp;Luthando Nyaba","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metal poisoning of water by lead Pb(II) and cadmium Cd(II) is a severe environmental issue. A magnetic halloysite nano clay (Fe₃O₄@HNT) was synthesised for the simultaneous preconcentration of Cd(II) and Pb(II) using an ultrasound-assisted dispersive micro-solid phase extraction technique (US-DMSPE). Various characterisation techniques were employed to characterise the nanocomposite, confirming the nanostructure and chemical composition of Fe₃O₄@HNT. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that the inner cavity of the tube was approximately 10–21 nm (with an average of 13.4 ± 3.4 nm), and the lengths are variable. In addition, the open-ended and inner cavity characteristics provided a passage and additional active sorption sites for the target analytes.</div><div>Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) confirmed the mesoporosity of the adsorbent, which corresponds with the inner diameter as confirmed by TEM. The preconcentration parameters were optimised using fractional factorial design (FrFD) and central composite design (CCD). Under the optimised experimental conditions, the detection limits were 0.037 and 0.054 µg/L, and the dynamic range was 0.1–400 µg/L for cadmium and lead, respectively. The method had good precision with RSD (&lt;4.5 %) and R² (0.9987 for cadmium and 0.9975 for lead). This technique successfully determined lead and cadmium in water samples with excellent relative recovery in the 98.8 to 106 % range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green analysis of illicit drugs on banknote dust","authors":"Teresa Cecchi,&nbsp;Arianna Giuliani,&nbsp;Carlo Catini","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100218","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aims to develop and validate the first analytical method to assess the presence of common illicit drugs on banknote dust from counting machines via green preanalytical and analytical approaches. Banknote dust represents the most eligible sample to ascertain the circulation of drugs of abuse. Prevalence measures of sociological interest, provided by analysing their traces on banknote dust, are less affected by the variability of their concentrations in each bill because banknote dust represents an averaged sample of high statistical significance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A simple banknote dust (10.0 ± 0.1 mg) extraction made use of 10 ml of a green extractant, comprising 98 % water, 2 % ethanol, and 0.1 % formic acid. A UHPLC&lt;img&gt;HRMS system with ethanol as the organic modifier was used to develop and optimize the chromatographic method; a stable isotope labelled internal standard for each analyte was used to compensate matrix effects and possible losses. The Levene test, Mandel's test, and Shapiro-Wilk's test were used to obtain the best calibration model. The Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), the Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach (AGREE), the and the Eco-scale were used to assess the greenness of the method.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Going green (AGREE score 0.83/1, Eco-Scale score 88/100) limits shortcomings due to the use of classical organic solvents in the extraction step and improves the chromatographic outcome. The linear weighted models gave limits of detections (LODs) ranging from 0.7 (3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine, MDA) to 3.9 ng/ml (Tetrahydrocannabinol, THC). For cocaine, they were lower than previously reported. For other analytes, no comparison can be provided because they were never analyzed in banknote dust. Intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were much better than those recommended by guidelines. The developed method was applied to 5 banknote dust samples from local banknote counter machines and 4 dust samples of different origins. No illicit drugs were found except cocaine in banknote dust. Its concentration ranged only one order of magnitude, from 2.76E+02 to 4.01E+03 mg of cocaine per gram of banknote dust, in agreement with previous results obtained with methanol as an extractant and organic modifier.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions and perspectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The greenness of the methods has many intrinsic merits for the environment, chromatographers and the chromatographic outcome. The way drug is consumed is more important than other ways of banknote contamination. To have an idea of drug circulation in a geographical area, the sampling of banknote dust can provide the police with reliable analytical evidence of high statistical value complementing results from anonymous questionnaires and drug seizures. Avoiding the processing of a large number of banknotes is an additional aim of Green Analytical Chemistry, since it entails waste prevention an","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ecodesigned reagent-free paper-based electrochemical sensor modified with carbon black for the detection of essential oils","authors":"Luca Fiore ,&nbsp;Arianna Antinucci ,&nbsp;Giorgia Leotta ,&nbsp;Laura Fabiani ,&nbsp;Alessandro Iannini ,&nbsp;Pierluca Galloni ,&nbsp;Riccardo De Santis ,&nbsp;Andrea Ciammaruconi ,&nbsp;Giorgia Grilli ,&nbsp;Elisa Recchia ,&nbsp;Florigio Lista ,&nbsp;Fabiana Arduini","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the era of sustainability, the use of natural compounds as antimicrobial compounds is the rational selection to avoid the release of pollutants into the environment. Among natural compounds, essential oils are characterized by reliable antimicrobial activity and their use is estimated to grow in the future, thus their detection is an asked point. Herein, we report an electrochemical reagent-free paper-based device for the detection of essential oils, namely thymol, eugenol, and carvacrol by adding 5 µL of solution onto the electrode. We functionalized the working electrode with carbon black by drop casting, demonstrating for the first time the improved sensitivity in essential oil detection using this affordable nanomaterial. To deliver a reagent-free device, the paper-based electrode was loaded with the working buffer for asking the end-user only the addition of the sample. This sensor detected the selected essential oils in a dynamic linear range of up to 16 ppm, with a detection limit equal to 0.1, 0.1, and 0.2 ppm for thymol, eugenol, and carvacrol, respectively. Moreover, the sensor's sustainability was evaluated using the RGBfast method, highlighting its whiteness compared to conventional chromatographic techniques. The reliable results obtained using the paper-based electrochemical sensor demonstrated the versatility, eco-friendliness, and practicality of this sensing tool, enlarging its use in essential oil detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obtention of stable neuroprotective extracts from orange by-products by gas-expanded liquids extraction (GXLE) and liposomal microencapsulation","authors":"Victor M. Amador-Luna,&nbsp;Lidia Montero,&nbsp;Pablo Mendoza-Orbaneja,&nbsp;Elena Ibáñez,&nbsp;Miguel Herrero","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The valorization of agrifood by-products to obtain high added-value products is an interesting research topic in the frame of Circular Economy. Moreover, the development of environmentally respectful and efficient extraction tools to obtain interesting compounds from those biomasses is a necessity today. In this contribution, a process combining gas-expanded liquids extraction together with a novel microencapsulation protocol is studied with the aim to recover and stabilize neuroprotective compounds from orange by-products. Both process conditions were optimized by means of experimental designs. After their application, optimum extraction conditions involved the use of 30 % ethyl acetate expanded into CO₂ at 50 °C,10 MPa, for 30 min in static mode. The obtained extracts showed higher bioactivities than other similar extracts obtained using pressurized liquids and supercritical fluid extractions. On the other hand, the optimization of a cryo-stirred microencapsulation protocol allowed an effective encapsulation higher than 73 %. Consequently, the overall bioactivity of the encapsulated product was reduced due to this value, although the product was demonstrated to be stable for &gt;4 months of storage under accelerated conditions (45 °C and 80 % humidity), while the non-encapsulated original extract lost 50 % of its activity in less than a month. Thus, the obtained results demonstrated the usefulness of the combined approach to achieve the valorization of commonly found agrifood by-products into added-value extracts with potential as functional ingredients due to their bioactivity and stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143301557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green chemistry approaches in the analytical validation of fosravuconazole using UV spectrophotometry and HPLC","authors":"Jeswin Maliyakal,&nbsp;Mital Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fosravuconazole, a newly developed oral antifungal medication by Eisai, has been utilized since 2018 for the treatment of tinea unguium. Its notable characteristics include high oral absorption and systemic bioavailability, which allow for a brief treatment duration of 3 months. Its mild inhibition of the cytochrome P450 enzyme, which plays a role in adverse effects during polypharmacy, allows for the safe use of fosravuconazole alongside other medications, making it suitable for elderly patients. This study addresses the need for a precise quantitative method to determine “Fosravuconazole” using UV spectrophotometry and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC method used an isocratic approach with a reversed-phase CHROMASIL C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 µm), a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min and detection at a wavelength of 287 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of Acetonitrile and a 10 mM Ammonium Acetate buffer at pH 4.5, with the pH adjusted using acetic acid. Both methods were rigorously validated according to ICH Q2(R1) guidelines, demonstrating their suitability for the assessment of individual substances in various mixtures. To evaluate their environmental impact, AGREE, GAPI, and BAGI were used to evaluate the methods highlighting their sustainability in terms of solvent consumption, chemical and energy use, waste generation. BAGI showed that both methods possess scores above the recommended threshold score of 60, qualifying them for industrial applications. The UV method demonstrated a greener profile compared to the HPLC method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification and identification of microfibers released from textiles during simulated accelerated washing","authors":"João Pinto da Costa ,&nbsp;Ana Costa ,&nbsp;Andréa Marinho ,&nbsp;Alcina Pimenta ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Fonte ,&nbsp;Ana L. Patrício Silva ,&nbsp;António José Fernandes ,&nbsp;Florinda M. Costa ,&nbsp;Damià Barceló ,&nbsp;Lúcia H.M.L.M. Santos ,&nbsp;Armando Duarte ,&nbsp;Teresa Rocha-Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics, including plastic microfibers, consist of a wide range of materials of varying composition and morphology, as well as surface chemistry. Given their already demonstrated ubiquity in the environment and the inherent complexity of the different matrices in which these are found, detection and quantification methods are, consequently, quite disparate and gathered data are often not amenable for comparison. As such, methods for the sampling, quantification and characterization of microplastics should be fit-for-purpose, meaning that they should account for the scientific questions being asked within a determined setting and environment. However, within identical matrices and between comparable research questions, methodologies should match, and standardization should be applied. As such, in this work, fibers from different fabrics were subjected to a simulated accelerated washing process to determine the release of microfibers into the resulting water following established and defined international standards. Though there are numerous examples of scientific works delving into this subject, the present work constitutes an initial step towards the use of internationally recognized methodologies for the determination of microfibers during washing processes that, when in conjunction with other similarly carried out works, may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of release of these materials during everyday activities, such as washing and drying of clothes. Furthermore, experimental results showed that special care and attention should be paid when resorting to automated software-based identification of microplastics in environmental matrices, as this may not be as accurate as previously considered, particularly for increasingly used techniques, such as pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of AI-based collagen valorization: Recent trends, innovations in extraction, and applications","authors":"Arthi Srinivasan ,&nbsp;Arun Gupta ,&nbsp;Vigneswaran Narayanamurthy","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Collagen, constituting approximately 30 % of total body proteins, is a critical structural protein with extensive applications in biomedical, cosmetic, and food industries. Despite its importance, large volumes of collagen-rich organic waste generated by meat, leather, and seafood industries remain underutilized, leading to significant environmental challenges. Piscine waste contributes up to 70 % of total fish body weight, while poultry farms produce approximately 89,000 tons of solid waste annually. This review provides a detailed analysis of collagen-rich waste sources, including bovine, porcine, piscine, caprine, ovine, and avian, examining their waste percentages, protein content, and extraction efficiencies. The study explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in optimizing collagen extraction processes, enhancing efficiency, yield, and quality while reducing energy consumption and waste generation. AI-driven methods have demonstrated improvements in energy efficiency by up to 40 % and reductions in waste by 45 %, enabling environmentally sustainable and cost-effective practices. Collagen valorization is further aligned with circular economy principles, focusing on converting waste into high-value products such as collagen peptides, biomaterials, and functional foods. By integrating advanced AI technologies with diverse collagen sources, this review provides a comprehensive framework for sustainable collagen processing that addresses environmental challenges and enhances resource utilization. The study emphasizes the potential to create economically valuable products while promoting environmental sustainability and innovation, paving the way for efficient and eco-friendly practices in the collagen industry through a holistic and multidisciplinary approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry based analysis of persistent mobile organic compounds in aqueous samples: Method development and optimization","authors":"Kyriaki Anagnostopoulou ,&nbsp;Vasileios Alampanos ,&nbsp;Eleni Evgenidou ,&nbsp;Dimitra A. Lambropoulou","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Persistent Mobile Organic Compounds (PMOCs) represent a critical threat to water resources due to their high solubility, resistance to degradation, and potential toxicity, posing risks to human health and ecosystems. Their detection and analysis are particularly challenging, necessitating advanced analytical techniques to support regulatory measures and ensure safe drinking water. This study addresses these challenges by developing and optimizing a robust method for PMOC detection, integrating solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-HRMS). By bridging analytical gaps in PMOC identification, the research contributes to water quality protection and aligns with global environmental and public health goals. The method is designed to accommodate the diverse physicochemical properties of PMOCs, enabling the detection of a broad spectrum of compounds. Innovations include the creation of a comprehensive PMOC target list, optimization of sample preparation with specialized SPE cartridges, and the fine-tuning of chromatographic and HRMS parameters. A central composite design and desirability function (DF) approach were used to optimize the HRMS analysis, while the most suitable SPE cartridge, column, and mobile phase composition were carefully selected through experimental trials. The method achieved recoveries within 70–120 % and excellent linearity (r² &gt; 0.997) for all analytes. Validated under European directives (2002/657/EC and SANTE 11,813/2017), the study offers a sensitive, reliable, and regulatory-compliant framework for PMOC monitoring in water systems. By addressing both scientific and regulatory demands, this work advances environmental analytical chemistry and strengthens efforts to protect water resources from emerging contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous estimation of tadalafil and macitentan in rat plasma: Greenness assessment and design of experiment approach","authors":"Sravanthi Gandu,&nbsp;Kumaraswamy Gandla,&nbsp;Lalitha Repudi","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of tadalafil and macitentan in rat plasma, enabling detailed pharmacokinetic profiling following single-dose administration. Optimization of critical parameters, including organic phase composition (50% acetonitrile), flow rate (1.0 mL/min), and pH (3.2), was achieved using a Box-Behnken Design, ensuring accurate separation and quantification. The retention times were 4.13 min for tadalafil, 5.32 min for macitentan, and 7.89 min for the internal standard, ritonavir. The method adhered to regulatory validation guidelines, linearity was observed over a concentration range of 20 to 400 ng/mL for tadalafil and 5 to 100 ng/ml for macitentan, yielding correlation coefficients of 0.9997 and 0.9998, respectively, with limits of quantitation (LOQs) of 19.10 ng/mL for tadalafil and 4.21 ng/mL for macitentan. Precision, expressed as %CV, was consistently below 15% for both intra- and inter-day variability. Drug recovery exceeded 98%, and stability tests demonstrated robustness under various conditions, with %CV values remaining under 15%. Pharmacokinetic studies in male Wistar rats (tadalafil: 0.0033 mg/kg; macitentan: 0.0003 mg/kg) revealed distinct absorption and elimination profiles. Tadalafil exhibited a peak concentration (Cmax) of 164.2 ng/mL at 1.5 h, an AUC0–t of 806 ng·h/mL, and a half-life of 5 h, indicative of rapid clearance. In contrast, macitentan displayed a lower Cmax of 43.8 ng/mL at 2 h, an AUC0–t of 987 ng·h/mL, and a prolonged half-life of 15 h, suggesting sustained systemic exposure. These pharmacokinetic variations highlight the potential for tailored dosing strategies. Environmental assessment using green analytical chemistry tools confirmed the eco-friendly design of the method, characterized by reduced solvent consumption and low toxicity. This validated LC-MS/MS method provides a robust and sustainable analytical solution for preclinical pharmacokinetic studies, delivering reliable data to inform safe and effective dosing of tadalafil and macitentan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining the greenness of quantitative analytical methods for drugs: A case study of a multipurpose novel janus kinase inhibitor","authors":"Sagar Suman Panda","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Greenness has become a popular term in the field of analytical chemistry, with significant advancements in measuring the greenness of methods. Several newer approaches are exploring the different practical aspects of measuring the greenness of newly developed analytical procedures. However, conducting a retrospective greenness assessment of older methods can be beneficial and cost-effective in achieving sustainable method performance within the regulatory framework. The current study highlights the significance of evaluating greenness using various existing greenness metrics. Furthermore, it presents a case study that assesses the greenness of various reported methods and a newly developed systematic infrared spectroscopic method for a novel drug, baricitinib. The designed experiments-oriented infrared method development offered a robust framework for optimizing and validating the method, assuring robustness and reliability of results while minimizing resource demand, overall developmental time, and method failure. The recent method's linearity, accuracy, and precision were acceptable, and sophisticated sample preparation was not required. Finally, it addresses several practical challenges and gaps that can be overcome by some of the necessary revisions in the existing procedures. In summary, this study raises awareness among the analyst community about the importance of adopting the greenness metrics approach, for newly developed methods and existing methods, in order to achieve predefined method performance throughout the method lifecycle and support green initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}