Green Analytical Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Carbonaceous materials-based aloe vera leaf waste as magnetic adsorbents for pre-concentration selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant drugs from aqueous solutions","authors":"Siew Mei Hedy Ng ,&nbsp;Khirtana Raveendran ,&nbsp;Wan Nur Ain Syafiqah Wan Azman ,&nbsp;Saw Hong Loh ,&nbsp;Marinah Mohd Ariffin ,&nbsp;Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study successfully synthesized, characterized, and applied magnetic activated carbon derived from aloe vera leaf waste and modified with an alkaline activator for the pre-concentration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant drugs (escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine) in water. A range of techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), specific surface area analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were employed to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the synthesized materials. Response surface methodology, specifically Plackett-Burman and Central Composite Design, was utilized to explore synergistic factors influencing the magnetic solid-phase extraction method. The optimal conditions for pre-concentrating the target analytes were determined to be a sample volume of 15 mL, a water temperature of 23 °C, 1 g of activated carbon, a stirring speed of 400 rpm, and a pH of 9.0. Under these conditions, a high recovery of 90 % was achieved, with a desirability value of 0.90. Quantification of the analytes was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode array detector. The method demonstrated low limits of detection and quantification, ranging from 0.35 to 1.83 ng/mL and 1.15 to 6.73 ng/mL, respectively. Extraction recoveries at three spiked concentration levels varied from 72 % to 92 %, while intra- and inter-day precision exhibited low bias, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 10 %. Regeneration studies revealed recovery losses of &lt;10 % after four cycles of use. Freundlich isotherm (R² &gt;0.992) and pseudo second order kinetic (R² &gt;0.980) models were best fitted with experimental results. Furthermore, the magnetic dispersive micro solid-phase extraction method proved to be environmentally sustainable, achieving an overall AGREEnness score of 0.68, a Blue Applicability Grade Index of 65.0, and a Sample Preparation Metric Sustainability score of 7.26, highlighting its green credentials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating green and white analytical principles for endocrine disruptor analysis in aqueous matrices: From routine methods to emerging technologies","authors":"Michelle Klein ,&nbsp;Martin Daniel Klassen ,&nbsp;Torsten Claus Schmidt ,&nbsp;Jochen Tuerk","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The field of research and development offers promising opportunities to optimize sample preparation and analysis in the determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Using the green analytical chemistry tool Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) and the white analytical chemistry (WAC) framework, a comparative analysis of GC–MS/MS, LC-MS/MS and the yeast-cell-based reporter gene assay (A-YES) was conducted. This assessment critically evaluated each method's environmental impact, efficiency and practicality. An overview of potential improvements offers a path to further enhancing not only the greenness but also feasibility of applied methods. By incorporating these advances, each analysis can increase its scores in AGREE and WAC. The WAC analysis highlighted that considerations of analytical performance (red) principles have created an imbalance in contaminant analysis methodologies. Traditionally, developing procedures has primarily focused on red principles and neglected especially green chemistry aspects. In this context, AGREE is particularly useful as it takes a more detailed approach to green principles, rather than compressing them. These shortcomings should be addressed by re-evaluating standards and incorporating sustainable practices into existing and future frameworks. By emphasizing both retrospective assessments and the proactive development of new standards and routine applications, sustainable practices can be promoted without compromising high analytical standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green chemistry treatment of seafood processing wastewater using pilot scale Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) in a realtime mode","authors":"Tran Thi Thai Hang ,&nbsp;Vien Vinh Phat ,&nbsp;Nguyen Anh Dao ,&nbsp;Huynh Hieu Hanh ,&nbsp;Nguyen Nhat Thoai ,&nbsp;Pham Tien Hung ,&nbsp;Dao Van Tri ,&nbsp;Tran Le Luu ,&nbsp;Tran Hung Thuan ,&nbsp;Nguyen Van Tuyen ,&nbsp;Chu Xuan Quang ,&nbsp;Maria Francesca Vigile ,&nbsp;Alfredo Cassano ,&nbsp;Francesco Galiano ,&nbsp;Alberto Figoli","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seafood processing industry's growing revenue heightens the urgency of treating wastewater rich in harmful pollutants. Addressing this challenge, Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) technology emerges as a green and sustainable solution by integrating activated sludge microorganisms and nano-pore membranes without using chemicals. This study hypothesizes that a pilot-scale AnMBR system can effectively treat seafood processing wastewater while achieving compliance with stringent discharge standards. A 0.5 m³/day pilot AnMBR was constructed and operated for two months in a seafood factory to evaluate pollutant removal and operational stability. The system achieved high pollutant removal efficiencies: 99.63 ± 0.14 % Total Suspended Solids (TSS), 61.04 ± 7.77 % Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 32.02 ± 17.42 % Total Diluted Solids (TDS), 13.30 ± 4.17 % Total Nitrogen (TN), and 11.12 ± 2.46 % Total Phosphorus (TP), with favorable sludge parameters (SVI: 20, MLSS: 11.5 g/L) and stable operation (TMP: 0.66 bar, flux: 18.2 L/m²·h). These results meet two national seafood wastewater discharge standards, highlighting AnMBR's potential for large-scale applications in the industry. These outcomes obtained at the pilot-scale level meet two national parameters discharge standard which applies specifically to seafood processing wastewater. It underscores the significant potential of AnMBR technology for widespread adoption in treating real-time wastewater generated by the seafood industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A green validated HPLC-UV Method for determining and quantifying pholcodine, paracetamol, and pseudoephedrine in laboratory-prepared mixtures and their FDC capsule","authors":"Mennatallah Hesham Ahmed ,&nbsp;Ehab F. Elkady ,&nbsp;Sally Tarek Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Ekram Hany Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A validated technique has been developed for the sequential determination of pholcodine, paracetamol, and pseudoephedrine. This method allows for their separation either in different ratios within a ternary mixture or in their fixed-dose combination (FDC) using HPLC. The chromatographic conditions involved the utilization of an X-select C₁₈ column (5µ, 4.6 × 150 mm) and a mobile phase consisting of 0.05 M KH₂PO₄: Methanol (75:25, v/v), with orthophosphoric acid added to adjust the pH to 2.6. The separation was conducted at a 1.2 ml/min flow rate, while a UV detector was set at a wavelength of 206 nm to monitor the process. The three drugs were successfully eluted with retention times of 0.8, 1.9, and 3.0 min for pholcodine, paracetamol, and pseudoephedrine respectively providing fast analysis times.</div><div>The method exhibited linearity for pholcodine, paracetamol, and pseudoephedrine over concentration ranges of 12–200 µg/ml, 5–100 µg/ml, and 30–200 µg/ml, respectively. It was accurate, reliable, and precise (RSD &lt; 2 %). This proposed methodology was effectively implemented to quantify the concentration of pholcodine, pseudoephedrine, and paracetamol in freshly prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Furthermore, the method's environmental impact was assessed using five different tools, demonstrating low hazard levels to the environment, and promoting its environmental friendliness compared to the reported method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A facile and eco-friendly simultaneous quantification LC-TQ-MS/MS approach for N-Nitroso Moxifloxacin and di-nitroso pyrrolopiperidine in Moxifloxacin tablets and eye drops","authors":"Srinivas Nakka ,&nbsp;Siva Krishna Muchakayala ,&nbsp;Surendra Babu Manabolu Surya","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regulatory agencies focus on the N-nitroso Drug Substance Related Impurities (NDSRIs) for the safety and efficacy of the pharmaceuticals. This study highlights the control and detection of NDSRI impurity in the broad-spectrum antibiotic moxifloxacin (MOX). The objective of the present study is to develop a highly sensitive, rapid, and novel LC-QqQ-MS/MS method for the simultaneous trace-level quantification of N-Nitroso Moxifloxacin (N-MOX) and di-Nitroso pyrrolopiperidine (DNPP) in MOX drug substance and drug products. According to the Carcinogenicity Potency Categorization Approach (CPCA), N-MOX and DNPP are classified into potency category 4, with an acceptable intake (AI) of 1500 ng/day. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Waters Cortecs T3 C18 column (100 mm × 3.0 mm, 2.7 µm) with 0.1 % formic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phases in gradient elution mode at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for quantification. The specific mass transitions are <em>m/z</em> 431.0 → 386.0 for N-MOX and 185.1 → 138.1 for DNPP. The developed method was successfully validated, and the results were within the acceptable range according to ICH guidelines. Moreover, we evaluated the eco-friendliness and greenness of the current method using enhanced tools. The results indicated a low environmental impact in terms of analysis time, solvent consumption, waste production, and sample quantity required. The method was successfully applied to quantify N-MOX in commercial MOX tablets and eye drops with a shorter run time; hence, it can quantify the presence of N-MOX and DNPP to ensure human safety and public health from using MOX formulation products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prospective evaluation of microscale thermophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry using the “RGB_ex-ante” model","authors":"Paweł Mateusz Nowak,&nbsp;Aleksandra Zima,&nbsp;Małgorzata Gołąb,&nbsp;Michał Woźniakiewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evaluation of greenness and whiteness is usually made retrospectively (ex-post) – for a developed and validated methodology ready for use. However, it can also be made ex-ante, i.e. taking into account the potential pros and cons that have not yet been experimentally confirmed. The RGB_ex-ante model presented here is a simple assessment framework to help determine whether developing a new specific methodology is worth investing effort. We used it for a prospective evaluation of a new foreseen technique – microscale thermophoresis (MST) coupled online with mass spectrometry (MST-MS). Concurrently, it was demonstrated that biophysical techniques dedicated to the analysis of biomolecular interactions, such as MST, can and should be assessed in terms of greenness and whiteness on an equal footing with chromatography, spectroscopy and other quantitative analysis techniques. We report the original preliminary research results confirming the possibility of combining online MST and MS instruments, which, however, do not yet constitute evidence for analyzing equilibrium processes in this system. For that reason, an ex-ante evaluation was performed. The obtained greenness and whiteness scores suggest that the MST-MS technique would likely be greener than the conventional offline approach, but not whiter. Despite some potential benefits related to all attributes (red, green and blue criteria), the implementation of MST-MS coupling would entail a number of limitations that overall offset the expected merits. The proposed evaluation model turned out to be a simple and helpful tool that is worth using prior developing new methods, procedures and experimental techniques in analytical laboratory and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical quality by design aided RP-HPLC method for the estimation of sunset yellow in commercial food samples employing green ultrasound assisted extraction: Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluation","authors":"Atyurmila Chakraborty,&nbsp;Kavitha Jayaseelan","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sunset Yellow FCF (E110) is a widely utillized azo synthetic food colorant due to its appealing hue and significant market popularity. Attributable to the health risks caused by excessive usage of Sunset Yellow, ecologically safe method for quantifying the same are to be prioritized. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate an Analytical Quality by Design based eco-friendly HPLC method followed by ultrasound assisted extraction of food samples and confirmation of them using FTIR. To comply with the requirements of green analytical chemistry ethanol was utilized because of its environmental friendliness nature. The chromatographic parameters were optimized using rotatable central composite designs (rCCD) whereas the separation was performed on a Phenomenex column (C₁₈, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, i.d 5 μm) using a mobile phase consisting of a 34.4:65.6 (v/v) mixture of ethanol and acetate buffer at flow rate of 1.1 ml/min with detection wavelength of 510 nm. The elution of Sunset Yellow occurred after 2.133 min. The method was thoroughly validated and tested as part of the forced degradation investigation to ascertain its stability-indicating properties. When evaluating the extent of greenness, the Green Analytical Procedure Index, Analytical Eco Scale and AGREE metrics tools yielded the best findings. The blueness and whiteness of the method was assessed by Blue Applicability Grade Index and Red-Green-Blue 12 (RGB 12) algorithm respectively with a high score which shows high practicality, cost effectiveness and ecofriendliness of the method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greenness assessment of exemplary US EPA and DIN standard analytical methods using the AGREEprep model","authors":"Amir Salemi ,&nbsp;Albana Luta ,&nbsp;Torsten C. Schmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable development principles have become a common consensus and a challenge to humanity, shifting the societal focus towards greener alternatives. The chemical sector, in particular analytical chemistry tends to attain a leading role in this initiative as it strives to incorporate green chemistry principles when designing and proposing new chemical solutions. Sample preparation is considered a critical stage in an analytical procedure regarding waste generation and resource consumption. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the sample preparation greenness of selected analytical standard procedures. Accordingly, three reference methods from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA methods 523, 528, and 610) and one method from the German Institute for Standardization (DIN 38047–37), which use classical solid-phase and liquid-liquid extraction as the core of their sample preparation procedures, were evaluated via <em>AGREEprep</em>, a green metric tool designed specifically for evaluation of sample preparation greenness. In addition, the methods were compared with twenty novel analytical alternatives reported in the literature, including a variety of solid-phase and liquid-phase microextraction techniques. In all cases, the miniaturized sample preparation strategies showed superior greenness over the standard methods, while providing similar or better analytical performance. The main evidenced shortcomings of the standard methods were the large sample volume required for the extraction and the use of large volumes of organic solvents. The overall results confirmed that the shift toward green approaches for sample preparation integrating sustainable extraction protocols and greener methodologies has the potential to improve the environmental performance of the analytical method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and greenness assessments of the supramolecular solvent-assisted cloud point extraction method for copper spectrophotometric determination in water and food samples","authors":"Ekhlas A. AbdulKareem ,&nbsp;Azhar Y.M. Al-Murshedi ,&nbsp;Rana Kadhim Ridha ,&nbsp;Ebaa Adnan Azooz","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the first time, the green supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs)-based cloud point extraction (CPE) approach was created for copper spectrophotometric determination in food and water samples. SUPRASs were synthesized in six different forms and used as synergistic reagents. SUPRAS (water, salicylic acid, and THF) mixed with TritonX-114 (TX-114) to be the most efficient extraction solvent. The validation investigation found that the linearity range, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), enhancement factor (EF), and preconcentration factor (PF) are 0.2-700.0 μg L^-1, 0.1 μg L^-1, 0.33 μg L^-1, 85.0, and 50.0, respectively. The technique's accuracy was calculated using standard reference materials (SRMs) (GBW07605 Tea Leaves and GBW10019 Apple) and ranged between 96.0 and 98.9%. Lastly, a novel SUPRAS-CPE approach was utilized to determine copper concentrations in real water, food tests, and SRMs. Furthermore, the SUPRAS-CPE conforms to green chemistry principles by using less both time and energy than previous studies. Also, the greenness values were determined by three recent tools. The Analytical Greenness Metric for Sample Preparation (AGREEprep), Complex Modified GAPI (ComplexMoGAPI), and Sample Preparation Metric of Sustainability (SPMS) programs produced results of 0.79, 86.0, and 8.42, respectively. These results are strongly aligned with both green ideals and environmentally friendly practices. The finding increases the possibilities for using SUPRAS-CPE to extract additional mineral ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative greenness, blueness and whiteness determination of analytical RP-HPLC method for identifying Imipenem, Cilastatin and Relebactam in combined tablet form followed by forced degradation studies","authors":"Revathy Sundara Moorthy ,&nbsp;Nakka Srisailam ,&nbsp;Narmada Vallakeerthi ,&nbsp;Kavitha Marapakala ,&nbsp;P. Muralidhar Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most clinically preferred, US FDA and EU approved anti-infective drug, a multi-component formulation of Imipenem (IPM), Cilastatin (CS) and Relebactum (REL). The combination is used in medicating the most complicated, gram-negative bacterial infections. Henceforth, it requires the development of selective, precise, accurate, robust analytical method. Hence the present work comprises RP-HPLC method development for determination of IPM, CS and REL. The detection is achieved by using new and apt conditions i.e., Discovery C₁₈ (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 µm) column, 0.01 N Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate buffer: Acetonitrile (60:40) as mobile phase. The detection was found at short RT i.e., 2.32, 3.08, and 3.62-min for IPM, CS and REL correspondingly. Good sensitivity was observed, where LOD of 0.11 µg/ml (IPM), 0.14 µg/ml (CS), and 0.06 µg/ml (REL) was obtained. While, LOQ was noticed at 0.33 µg/ml (IPM), 0.43 µg/ml (CS) and 0.18 µg/ml (REL). As a counterpart, other study of forced degradation was also performed for the selected drugs at different extreme conditions. A sustainability evaluation has been done on the proposed method. The creative tools such as AGREE, GAPI, ChlorTox scale in green analytical counterpart were performed providing good score. Another BAGI software was opted as blue principle-evaluator, that resulted in a good score of 85 %. Highlighting the use of the most recent sustainability determination software, RGBfast model in present work with a good score of 74 %. Moreover, white and green evaluation has been performed in the form of comparative mode, for better understanding of the significance of current method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}