Green Analytical Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive review of greenness, whiteness, and blueness assessments of analytical methods","authors":"Sherin F. Hammad ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Adel Hamid ,&nbsp;Latifa Adly ,&nbsp;Samar H. Elagamy","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on green analytical chemistry GAC to minimize the environmental impact of analytical methods. GAC principles encourage the development of eco-friendly techniques by reducing waste, energy consumption, and harmful reagents. Several tools have been introduced to evaluate the environmental impact of analytical methods, providing numerical or visual representations of their environmental impact. However, many of these tools overlook the crucial role of sample preparation, assuming it can be avoided, which is not always practical. In numerous cases, sample preparation is essential to isolate the desired analyte from complex matrices, ensuring accurate and reliable analysis. Thus, modern assessment tools have evolved to include sample preparation in their evaluation, providing a more comprehensive and fair judgment of the sustainability of the method. Today, various metrics are available to evaluate the sustainability of analytical methods, including green metrics and models for assessing whiteness, blueness, or the practicality of the method. This review will explore and compare these metrics, highlighting their advantages and limitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluated rapid Attenuated Total Reflection/ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy method for piper nigrum Samples Coupled with multivariate analysis","authors":"Rinkal N Patel ,&nbsp;Kunjal L Vegad ,&nbsp;Ruchik V Mistry ,&nbsp;Nikunj D Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>“Piper nigrum”,</em> a very well-known black gold is recommended to treat numerous ailments. The primary concerns in quality of <em>piper nigrum</em> arise due to numerous factors including adulteration, omission and partial substitution. A novel, rapid, steadfast method based on attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) technique with a diamond crystal was developed to evaluate samples of <em>piper nigrum.</em> Total twenty-six different samples including authenticated in-house sample were studied. For, Fourier transform infrared study transmittance mode was kept to record the spectra. The resultant data was then treated with chemometric method. Chemometric methods like Principal Component Analysis was used for quality assessment of <em>piper nigrum</em> by evaluating the differences in market samples. 25 important FTIR peaks responsible for complete variation for routine analysis of <em>piper nigrum</em> samples were identified and based on score plot of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), outliers were distinguished from the authenticated <em>piper nigrum</em> sample. The greenness, evaluation of the developed method was achieved through Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index (Complex GAPI) (85), Analytical Greenness Metric (AGREE) (0.95) revealing the method's favourable eco-friendly profile. Blueness evaluation through Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) score (80) indicated excellent applicability, while whiteness evaluation through the precise re-versioned RGB pretty good score (Ex ante: 91.8, Ex post: 91.4) confirmed cost-effectiveness and sustainability. This novel eco-friendly approach offers a rapid, green, blue and-white substitute to available conventional analytical techniques. The developed method was easy to handle, cheaper, simple, rapid, precise and stable that can be used as an effective routine quality assessment of <em>piper nigrum</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"South African strides towards attaining green analytical methods and a green environment for environmental analysis of pharmaceuticals","authors":"Lawrence Mzukisi Madikizela ,&nbsp;Vusumzi Emmanuel Pakade","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in South African water systems was established in the early 2000′s. However, the metabolites of these chemicals were only established in South African waters after two decades of pharmaceutical analysis in water. The analytical methods focussed largely on traditional approaches that include solid-phase extraction and chromatographic analysis. Thus far, there is limited work that was designed to fulfill the green chemistry initiatives while performing the analysis of pharmaceuticals in South African waters. Such work is comprehensively reviewed in this paper with an attempt to highlight the research gaps for future exploration. In South Africa, the green analytical chemistry procedures utilized for pharmaceutical analysis include miniaturized sample preparation methods, the application of reusable solid-phase adsorbents, and novel materials for passive sampling. In recent years, multi-residue drug analysis has been a focal point rather than a single pharmaceutical analysis. Computational tools including multivariate optimization and studying the monomer-template interactions in molecular imprinting of solid-phase extraction sorbents have been investigated. Similarly to the developed countries, intensive research on greening analytical methods in South Africa is still required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the targeted and untargeted analysis of honey by vacuum-assisted SPME-GC × GC-MS. A green, practical, and highly informative approach","authors":"Damien Eggermont ,&nbsp;Francesca Pardi ,&nbsp;Giorgia Purcaro","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of vacuum-assisted headspace (Vac-HS) coupled with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a technique that has been recently proven to be highly beneficial for enhancing the extraction of semi-volatile in shorter time and milder temperatures. This technique indeed increases the extraction kinetics by reducing the mass transfer resistance at the interface between the sample and headspace. In this work, we explored the use of Vac-HS coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to simultaneously determine 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (a semi-volatile processing marker in honey) and the entire volatile profile, which is recognized as a highly informative fingerprint of the geographical and botanical authenticity of honey. The use of Vac-HS-SPME has been optimized using an experimental design and compared to the atmospheric pressure extraction. Considering both 5-HMF and the entire volatile profile, an overall 10-fold higher signal was obtained using Vac-HS-SPME compared to simple HS-SPME. The absolute quantification of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was fully validated, obtaining a limit of quantification of about 5 µg/g, largely below the lowest required limit for the presence of this compound in honey (i.e., 15 µg/g). The results obtained from a series of commercially available honey were compared with those obtained using the official high-performance liquid chromatography-UV method, obtaining comparable results but through a greener and more practical method. The overall volatile profile obtained by Vac-HS-SPME showed a significant increase in the response of the less volatile compounds, reaching up to a 90-fold increment compared to HS-SPME.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquasearch: Enhancing green environmental proteomics via MALDI-TOF-based sewage water profiling","authors":"Carlos Pérez-López ,&nbsp;Ester Sánchez-Jiménez ,&nbsp;Joaquin Abian ,&nbsp;Damià Barceló ,&nbsp;Antonio Ginebreda ,&nbsp;Montserrat Carrascal","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, environmental proteomics has revealed its potential to find biomarkers for human health, as part of wastewater-based epidemiology. However, current analytical strategies for conducting environmental proteomics studies face challenges, including high instrumental costs and the time required for sample management. These costs can become even higher when analysis must be repeated due to experimental issues. Therefore, using MALDI-TOF is proposed as a viable and cost-effective method for the initial screening of environmental proteomics samples, allowing for preliminary sample characterization and ensuring sample quality. MALDI-TOF represents a greener alternative compared to other proteomic techniques, as its faster analysis times and reduced reagent and energy consumption contribute to lower environmental impact. However, the signals obtained from MALDI-TOF analysis must be further analyzed to achieve peptide identification and protein inference. In this work, we present Aquasearch, a novel software application designed to identify protein biomarkers from MALDI-TOF raw data. Aquasearch incorporates a comprehensive database of tryptic peptides derived from previously identified biomarkers by our research group. We have validated the effectiveness and accuracy of this tool in identifying protein biomarkers through the analysis of a set of wastewater samples. Additionally, this information was utilized in multisampling, allowing the unsupervised clustering of samples with similar proteomic profiles. Overall, Aquasearch facilitates the initial screening of proteomics samples using a straightforward approach and ensures the effectiveness of subsequent in-depth analyses. Aquasearch and its source code are available at <span><span>https://github.com/cplqam/IDAEA-IIBB_Aquasearch</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated protocol based on workflows of imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF) for in-depth protein heterogenous characterization: High-efficient fractionation and online mass spectrometry detection","authors":"Teresa Kwok,&nbsp;She Lin Chan,&nbsp;Mike Zhou,&nbsp;Tong Chen,&nbsp;Niusheng Xu,&nbsp;Victor Li,&nbsp;Tiemin Huang,&nbsp;Tao Bo","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present an integrated protocol for studying the charge heterogeneity of therapeutic proteins combining two workflows: imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF) with fractionation and online mass spectrometry (MS) detection on a single platform. This protocol enables both intact MS-based protein charge variant characterization and in-depth peptide mapping of collected fractions via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) tandem mass spectrometry. Through systematic methodology validation, the platform is demonstrated to be robust, with step-by-step method development, standardized operating procedures (SOPs), exceptional reproducibility, and high sensitivity. Notably, this protocol facilitates icIEF-UV separation followed by either a fractionation scheme or MS online detection within a single platform, providing simplified workflows with reduced reagent consumption compared to traditional techniques. Embracing the \"Green Chemistry\" concept, the protocol addresses key challenges in biopharmaceutical discovery, quality control, and manufacturing, promoting sustainability throughout the process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastic pollution of the Zrafshan river tributary in Samarkand and Navoi regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan","authors":"Alijon Khusanov ,&nbsp;Ozodbek Sabirov ,&nbsp;Yulia Frank ,&nbsp;Danil Vorobev ,&nbsp;Egor Vorobev ,&nbsp;Svetlana Rakhmatullina ,&nbsp;Sherzodbek Tashbaev ,&nbsp;Sarvinoz Mamatkarimova ,&nbsp;Abdumukhtar Yakhyoyev ,&nbsp;Mukhammadyusuf Juraev ,&nbsp;Ilyas Isakov ,&nbsp;Dilyor Karimjonov ,&nbsp;Islomjon Zokirov ,&nbsp;Ikrom Abdullaev","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes microplastic pollution of surface waters of the Zarafshan River flowing through the Samarkand and Navoi regions of Uzbekistan. Microplastics pose a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems due to their ubiquity and ability to accumulate toxic substances. In the Central Asian context, the problem of microplastics remains poorly understood, complicating the development of mitigation strategies. The study was conducted in July 2023. Surface water samples were collected using a microsampler equipped with a <span><math><mrow><mn>330</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> mesh. Laboratory processing included oxidation of organic matter with hydrogen peroxide and separation of plastic particles by density separation. Raman spectroscopy was used to identify the polymer composition. According to the results, the concentration of MP particles was 3.22±1.64 <span><math><mrow><mi>units</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> in the corresponding part of the Zarafshan River in the Navoi region and 2.96±0.78 <span><math><mrow><mi>units</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> in the Samarkand region. The particles found in the water have a diameter of 0.15 to 3.00 mm. According to the results of the data analysis, a part of the Zarafshan River flowing through the territory of Samarkand and Navoi regions is polluted with plastic particles due to environmental factors. Existing data on microplastic pollution of freshwater ecosystems in Central Asia are fragmentary, which makes it difficult to assess environmental risks and take appropriate measures. The aim of this paper is to assess the level of microplastic pollution in the Zarafshan River and identify the main sources of pollution. The results of the study highlight the need for regular monitoring and the development of effective measures to reduce the level of microplastic pollution in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly adsorption of Rhodamine B dye using Punica granatum peel from an aqueous medium","authors":"Rajae Ghibate ,&nbsp;Mohammed Chrachmy ,&nbsp;Meryem Kerrou ,&nbsp;Meryem Ben Baaziz ,&nbsp;Marwa Alaqarbeh ,&nbsp;Ali Amechrouq ,&nbsp;Rachid Taouil ,&nbsp;Omar Senhaji","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the development of a low-cost, eco-friendly adsorbent from <em>Punica granatum</em> peel for removing Rhodamine B (RhB) dye from an aqueous medium. The hypothesis was that agricultural waste could be repurposed as an effective adsorbent while minimizing environmental impact. The material was characterized using SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC, and pH_PZC analysis. Its adsorption performance was evaluated under varying pH, temperature, and ionic strength conditions. The adsorbent achieved a maximum capacity of 44.28 mg/g at neutral pH within 120 min. Adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, with thermodynamic studies confirming an endothermic and spontaneous process. Regeneration tests identified 1 M citric acid as the most effective eluent, achieving 52.35 % desorption efficiency. The adsorbent preparation cost was $0.00338 /g, reflecting the method's scalability and alignment with green chemistry principles through agricultural waste valorization, minimal energy use, and reduced environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the rhizosphere metabolome profile of wastewater-irrigated lettuces (Lactuca sativa L.) highlighted using non-target HRMS and ROIMCR chemometrics method","authors":"Carlos Pérez-López ,&nbsp;Lúcia H.M.L.M. Santos ,&nbsp;Antoni Ginebreda ,&nbsp;Lucas L. Alonso ,&nbsp;Gianluigi Buttiglieri ,&nbsp;Evangelos Statiris ,&nbsp;Damia Barcelo ,&nbsp;Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz ,&nbsp;Roma Tauler","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent decades, alternative water resources have been explored to address water scarcity; the use of reclaimed water in agricultural practices has been particularly studied. To evaluate the impact of different irrigation waters on lettuce cultures, 18 plants were grown across two seasons (fall and summer), using tap water as control, and two types of reclaimed water as substitute irrigation water sources. Samples were collected from the rhizosphere soil of the lettuces and were analyzed using Liquid Chromatography – High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) with Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA). Non-target metabolomic profiling was performed using the Regions of Interest procedure (ROI), followed by Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) for simultaneous analysis of MS1 and MS2 signals in positive and negative ionization modes. In total, 37 chemical compounds (endogenous and exogenous) were identified belonging to different classes and origins, such as several sesquiterpene lactones or flavonoids that play a key role in the secondary metabolism of plants. Subsequent statistical and chemometric analyses highlighted that the sampling campaign season had a greater effect on the metabolomic profile than the type of water used for irrigation. Based on these findings, reclaimed waters did not exhibit sufficient influence on the rhizosphere to be discarded as a potential alternative for use in the agricultural industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of microplastic pollution in freshwater and marine environments","authors":"Irene Monica Jaikumar ,&nbsp;Majesh Tomson ,&nbsp;Arun Meyyazhagan ,&nbsp;Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan ,&nbsp;Rathinasamy Baskaran ,&nbsp;Manikantan Pappuswamy ,&nbsp;Hesam Kamyab ,&nbsp;Elham Khalili ,&nbsp;Mohammad Farajnezhad","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water popularly termed the ‘The Elixir of Life’ is now polluted beyond control in several regions. Microplastics, the tiny contaminants have found their way into all walks of life. They have also been found to be present in human blood, multiple organs, and even breast milk. There is an abundance of microplastics in the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water we drink. Curbing them has to start with a ban of all forms of primary microplastics, and single use plastics with preference being given to biodegradable alternatives. India in particular banned single use plastics in 2022, which put an end to several commonly used plastic items being replaced with biodegradables. Paint is one of the largest contributors to microplastics, followed by textile industry, cosmetic, pharmaceutical industry, packaging industry are all top contributors to microplastics. The wastewater treatment plants aren't designed to filter microplastics from the source and this results in microplastics polluting all water resources. Though several novel techniques for microplastic segregation exist such as sieving, filtration, density separation, visual sorting, alkali digestion exist, they aren't fully employed as the initial process of microplastic segregation from waste is still in question.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}