Gas Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"CO2-enhanced methane recovery in deep coalbeds: Displacement and diffusion/pressure-driven behaviors","authors":"Yaning Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Sun ,&nbsp;Yanbin Yao ,&nbsp;Dameng Liu ,&nbsp;Yongkai Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development and production breakthrough of deep coalbed methane (CBM), research on CO₂ enhanced methane (CO₂-ECBM) under high temperature and pressure in deep coal seams is gaining increasing attention. In this study, molecular dynamic simulation (MD) are employed to investigate the occurrence of methane and CO₂ in pores of various sizes of deep coal bed, considering both adsorption and pore-bound states. Furthermore, CO₂-ECBM CH₄ is simulated, with three distinct mechanisms-displacement, diffusion-driven displacement, and pressure-driven displacement-analyzed at different burial depths. The results show that, the adsorption density of CH₄ increases and then stabilizes with burial depth, while the adsorption density of CO₂ first increases and then slightly decreases. The self-diffusion of methane decreases and eventually stabilizes, while the self-diffusion coefficient of CO₂ initially decreases and then increases. The turning depth for both processes is at 1200 m. The displacement of methane by CO₂ increases with CO₂ pressure and decreases with smaller pore sizes. For CO₂ diffusion-driven methane displacement, elevated temperatures promote CO₂ diffusion, enhancing CO₂-ECBM below 1200 m. The greater the injected CO₂ pressure, the stronger the pressure-driven displacement. However, in small pores, the displacement process is less sensitive to pressure differences. Therefore, in deep coal seams, high temperatures favor CO₂-ECBM, meanwhile, coal beds with well-developed micropores are not conducive to CO₂-ECBM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 205730"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A unified volume translation model in SRK EOS for dry gas constituents","authors":"Changxu Wu ,&nbsp;Jialin Shi ,&nbsp;Huazhou Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry gas, mainly made of light hydrocarbons (such as methane and ethane), is an important type of natural gases. The PVT properties of dry gas constituents (e.g., compressibility factor) play an important role in the various stages of dry gas recovery. In this study, we develop an improved distance-function-based volume translation model in Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state (SRK EOS) for dry gas constituents (including carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, and neopentane). This model not only accurately replicates the critical compressibility factor for a specific dry gas component but also maintains strong performance across a broad range of pressures and temperatures (i.e., pressure range: from triple-point pressure to 300 MPa; temperature range: from triple-point temperature to 600 K). For the 10 dry gas constituents considered in this study, the new volume-translated SRK EOS yields an %AAD of 1.27 in reproducing saturation pressure, while it yields %AADs of 0.73, 0.38, 0.69, 1.72, and 1.55 in reproducing the liquid-phase, vapor-phase, saturated-liquid-phase, saturated-vapor-phase, and supercritical-phase compressibility factors, respectively. Moreover, the new volume-translated rescaled SRK EOS (VTR-SRK EOS) does not lead to crossover of pressure-volume isotherms within the tested pressure/temperature ranges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 205732"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geophysical monitoring technology and simulation in CO2 geological storage: A comprehensive review","authors":"Wenke Tang ,&nbsp;Wuqin Li ,&nbsp;Zitian Lin ,&nbsp;Jun Zhu ,&nbsp;Siyao Zhou ,&nbsp;Yangmin Kuang ,&nbsp;Yanpeng Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a promising method for carbon emission reduction, but safe and efficient storage remains challenging. Geophysical methods can monitor CO₂ storage, yet face issues like technical obstacles, data complexity, environmental impact and cost. This review summarizes CCUS projects, geophysical principles, forward and inverse methods. It is proposed to construct an integrated carbon storage monitoring network based on seismic, electromagnetic, and gravimetric monitoring. Additionally, by establishing an optical fiber data transmission platform and leveraging artificial intelligence, data collection efficiency and algorithm accuracy can be improved, thereby optimizing the overall monitoring system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 205725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of permeability heterogeneities on foam flow in porous media: Uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis","authors":"Berilo de Oliveira Santos ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Weber dos Santos ,&nbsp;Iury Igreja ,&nbsp;Grigori Chapiro ,&nbsp;Bernardo Martins Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foam injection in porous media has been extensively studied for its ability to improve sweep efficiency by mitigating nonlinear phenomena such as gravitational segregation and viscous fingering. However, modeling foam flow remains a significant challenge, mainly due to the complex interactions between foam and heterogeneous geological formations, which are often difficult to characterize. In particular, the spatial distribution of absolute permeability is difficult to obtain, due to scarce data and strong heterogeneity. These challenges introduce uncertainties into predictive models. In particular, the relationship between foam flow and uncertainties related to absolute permeability fields remains underexplored in the literature. This work performs uncertainty propagation studies to investigate the influence of permeability heterogeneity on foam flow in porous media. This is achieved by coupling the Karhunen-Loève expansion (KLE), which generates Gaussian random permeability fields, with Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE), a method for propagating uncertainties in a computationally efficient manner. This approach allows for the evaluation of permeability variations impact on key quantities of interest (QoIs) related to flow performance. The results, derived from uncertainty quantification (UQ) and sensitivity analysis (SA), reveal that foam behavior is highly sensitive to the spatial correlation structures of permeability, with important implications for optimizing foam flow processes. The integration of KLE and PCE provides the first systematic framework for uncertainty propagation in foam flow analysis, unveiling previously unexplored correlations and behaviors. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating permeability uncertainties into modeling to improve the reliability and efficiency of both subsurface flow applications, including resource recovery and carbon sequestration efforts. The proposed methodology can be particularly beneficial in practical scenarios such as enhanced oil recovery or CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> sequestration, where foam is used to improve mobility control in complex formations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 205710"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic characterize of interface and mass transfer of CO2-brine during CO2 storage in saline aquifer","authors":"Shaohua Li ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Lanlan Jiang ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Bohao Wu ,&nbsp;Yongchen Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the mass transfer characteristics between CO₂ and brine is essential for advancing CO₂ saline aquifer storage technology. The study visualizes supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) dissolution into brine in porous media under high temperature and pressure by using micro-computed tomography. The dynamic evolution of interphase interface of CO₂-brine was innovatively investigated in three dimensions and quantified over time. The conclusions showed that the residual saturation of CO₂ was negatively correlated with the flow rate. Five distinct forms of CO₂ cluster evolution were identified, resulting in the non-uniform spatial distribution of the CO₂-brine interface. Then a novel classification of four interface types between CO₂ and brine was proposed and it exhibits non-monotonic evolution due to the combined effects of pore filling and snap-off events. Both local and spatial mass transfer coefficients (MTC) were calculated based on the quantified interfacial area, showing strong heterogeneity along porous media. Additionally, the local MTC of scCO₂ was found to be from 10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻⁶ m/s, with a broader range of magnitudes compared to its gaseous state (10⁻⁹ to 10⁻⁸ m/s). Finally, the mass transfer model for trapped-phase dissolution in porous media is extended on the basis of the Sherwood number, Reynolds number and Schmidt number. Understanding the evolution of these interfaces and models of dissolution mass transfer of trapped phase can aid in predicting CO₂ behavior in saline aquifers, optimizing storage strategies, and ensuring CO₂ dissolution trapping and long-term storage stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 205717"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Date palm leaves-derived activated carbon as a sustainable support for catalytic methane dry reforming","authors":"Nada Abounahia ,&nbsp;Alessandro Sinopoli ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Tong ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz Al-Emadi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Abotaleb","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing global demand for energy and the necessity to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions have intensified research into alternative energy sources and environmentally benign chemical processes. One promising approach is the dry reforming of methane (DRM), which converts methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂)—both major greenhouse gases—into valuable syngas (a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide). However, the development of cost-effective and sustainable catalysts that can operate efficiently while utilizing biomass waste remains a significant challenge. This study investigates the development of cost-effective and durable nickel-based catalysts supported on activated carbon derived from date palm leaves biomass waste. The catalysts were synthesized via a wet impregnation method and characterized using various techniques including XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, H₂-TPR, CO₂-TPD, NH₃-TPD, TGA, Raman analysis and XPS. The catalytic performance of the synthesized catalysts for DRM was evaluated at a temperature of 750 °C for 12 h using fixed-bed reactor. Results demonstrate that the activated carbon support significantly influences the catalysts' activity and stability. In particular, Ni-doped modified activated carbon from date palm leaves exhibited superior performance, achieving high CH₄ (41 %) and CO₂ (75 %) conversion, compared to commercial activated carbon derived from coconut shell. The catalyst also showed good resistance to coking and sintering, making it a promising candidate for DRM. This study highlights the viability of using sustainable biomass sources for the development of effective DRM catalysts, contributing to waste management and environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 205716"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining machine learning and multi-objective optimization algorithms to optimize key parameters for underground hydrogen storage","authors":"Zhengyang Du ,&nbsp;Zhenxue Dai ,&nbsp;Shangxian Yin ,&nbsp;Shuning Dong ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Zhang ,&nbsp;Huichao Yin ,&nbsp;Mohamad Reza Soltanian","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intermittency of renewable energy sources often leads to surplus energy curtailment, emphasizing the need for efficient large-scale energy storage. Hydrogen, with its high energy efficiency and clean combustion, is an attractive energy carrier. However, its low density and stringent phase transition conditions limit large-scale storage applications on the surface. However, its low density and stringent phase transition conditions limit large-scale storage applications on the surface. Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) has been proposed as a solution for large-scale storage and utilization of surplus renewable energy. The hydrogen injection rate is a critical operational parameter, governing hydrogen storage and production efficiency. Balancing dynamic changes in key indicators (hydrogen production rate, dissolution rate, and storage mass) is essential. This study prioritized hydrogen production rate and dissolution rate (or storage mass) as primary objectives, employing multi-objective optimization to determine cycle-specific optimal injection rates. Advanced machine learning algorithms were used to develop and compare surrogate models across varying parameters and neural network architectures, identifying the most accurate predictive framework. This methodology significantly enhanced computational efficiency for both hydrogen storage modeling and optimization. The study established Pareto front for multiple objectives and provided corresponding injection rate schemes. Results demonstrated that the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model achieved superior predictive performance, and dividing the Pareto front into three regions (low hydrogen loss mode or high storage mode, balanced mode, and high production mode) to meet different needs. These findings offer theoretical guidance for practical UHS applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 205713"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compressibility of unconventional gas shale formations: implications for hydrogen geo-storage","authors":"Kunming Zhang,&nbsp;Shimin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) offers an effective solution for large-scale and safe hydrogen storage to deploy H₂ as a clean energy carrier that accelerates energy transition and decarbonization. Geological H₂ storage based on adsorption haven been well-identified but the studies on compressibility-based elastic storage of H₂ remain limited. The objective of this study is to evaluate different compressibilities of unconventional gas shale and related implications on geological hydrogen storage. Laboratory measurements were conducted to estimate the compressibilities of shale and adsorption capacity of H₂ in shale. Theoretical consideration on elastic storage of H₂ through the coefficient of fluid content by a poroelastic framework was developed to compare with the H₂ geo-storage based on adsorption mechanism. The results show that shale deforms linearly with gas pressure for helium, while more pronounced compression can be observed with the exposure of H₂. The modeled coefficient of fluid content is well able to predict the results calculated from measured data. By extending the framework of fluid content, the elastic storage capacity of H₂ was estimated as 0.0526 mmol/g at 8.5 MPa while the excess adsorption amount of H₂ in shale was measured as 0.03043 mmol/g at the same pressure. The results reveal that the compressibility-based elastic storage of H₂ in unconventional gas shale is not negligible due to its large potential with continuous gas injection. Additionally, strain hysteresis effects were observed after H₂ injection and depletion in shale, which is potentially caused by permanent structural alteration of shale. This structural variation promotes the elongation of gas pathway that enhances the permeability and further injectivity and recoverability of H₂.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 205715"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in gas injection for gas condensate reservoirs: Mechanisms and challenges","authors":"Mohamad Mohamadi-Baghmolaei ,&nbsp;Amin Izadpanahi ,&nbsp;Sohrab Zendehboudi ,&nbsp;Dru Heagle","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural gas is a vital energy resource recognized for its cleaner combustion compared to other fossil fuels. A significant proportion of natural gas reserves are gas condensate reservoirs, which exhibit unique thermodynamic behaviors leading to production losses and the retention of valuable hydrocarbons in porous media. Gas injection has emerged as a reliable and environmentally beneficial strategy to enhance recovery from these reservoirs by maintaining pressure and promoting condensate re-vaporization. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of gas injection technologies, including miscible gas injection, Huff-n-Puff, CO₂ injection, and mixed gas injection, customized to various reservoir conditions. The review highlights Huff-n-Puff as a promising method for mitigating condensate blockage during early production, discusses nitrogen injection as a cost-effective and environmentally safer alternative to CO₂ and dry gas, and outlines the key challenges of CO₂ injection, including transport in supercritical form, economic feasibility, and leakage risks. Key contributions of this work include an in-depth discussion of active recovery mechanisms, such as molecular diffusion, bulk convection, and re-vaporization, alongside systematic descriptions of laboratory testing methods for gas condensate characterization. The review also categorizes advancements in modeling, simulation, and experimental studies, highlighting their role in addressing both technical and practical challenges. Furthermore, it explores field applications, environmental impacts, and economic considerations of gas injection, offering insights into sustainable recovery practices. By consolidating global data, field experiences, and recovery techniques, this study identifies critical gaps in current knowledge and provides a framework for optimizing gas injection in gas condensate reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 205711"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic influence mechanisms of tetra-n-butylammonium bromide on hydrate growth and stability in saline environment","authors":"Fangning Fan ,&nbsp;Han Jia ,&nbsp;Yihan Huang ,&nbsp;Zhenghao Kou ,&nbsp;Ruitong Xu ,&nbsp;Haowen Yu ,&nbsp;Yuanbo Wang ,&nbsp;Xu Li ,&nbsp;Bowen Wang ,&nbsp;Zhe Wang ,&nbsp;Yurong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine CO₂ sequestration in hydrate form offers a promising solution to mitigate the escalating greenhouse effect. Numerous experimental studies have proven the efficacy of TBAB as a hydrate promoter even in saline environment, while its underlying microscopic mechanism remains unclear. This study employs molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the effect of TBAB with varying concentrations on CO₂ hydrate crystal stability and growth in saline environment under different thermodynamic conditions. A comprehensive analysis of system state, molecular distribution, intermolecular interactions, and molecular mobility is conducted. It is found that additional TBAB reduces the mobility of CO₂, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions near the hydrate crystal, thereby promoting hydrate crystal formation and limiting ionic attack on hydrate crystal. Meanwhile, the adsorption layer of TBA⁺ ions at the hydrate crystal surface protects the hydrate crystal from attack by inorganic ions via electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, the adsorbed TBA⁺ ions facilitate the formation of more stable semiclathrate hydrate. This study reveals a compelling microscopic mechanism for the promotion effect of TBAB on hydrate growth and stability in a saline environment, suggesting its potential for carbon sequestration and informing future additive design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 205712"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}