Gas Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Performance of mobile survey solutions for natural gas pipeline leaks under different soil type and moisture conditions","authors":"G. Venkata Rao ,&nbsp;Richard S. Kolodziej IV ,&nbsp;Daniel J. Zimmerle ,&nbsp;Kathleen M. Smits","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advanced leak detection (ALD) solutions for natural gas (NG) play a crucial role in swiftly identifying leaks to mitigate risks, costs, and methane (CH₄) emissions. Despite recent advancements in CH₄ leak detection, current ALD solutions often overlook the influence of subsurface and atmospheric conditions on gas behavior and, therefore, leak detection success. To address this gap, we conducted a series of controlled leak detection experiments under varying soil moisture levels and soil types, with two leak rates: low (0.5 slpm) and high (10 slpm), using walking, driving, and simulated UAV (UAV_sim) surveys. The performance of these methods was evaluated using the probability of detection (POD). Results indicated that the POD of walking, driving, and UAV_sim surveys is highly influenced by soil moisture and type. Low moisture conditions have a 10–45 % higher POD than high moisture conditions at higher leak rates, depending on the soil type and survey method. Higher permeability soils result in a 10–18 % higher POD than the lower-permeability soil tested within 5 m of the pipeline centerline. As the distance from the centerline increases, the magnitude of the impact grows, resulting in PODs 40–60 % lower than those along the centerline itself. Similarly, at low leak rates, the impact of high moisture and low permeability becomes more pronounced. Based on averages across all soil types and survey deployment platforms, the POD under dry soil conditions at a high leak rate is 20–40 % higher than at a low leak rate. Results further demonstrate the influence of the detection threshold, especially for low leak rates, where a 0.1 ppm increase in the detection threshold can reduce the POD by 50–60 % under moist soil conditions. These findings underscore the importance of considering the interplay between soil and operational conditions to enhance CH₄ leak detection success. Emission measurement solutions can therefore use this knowledge to establish performance metrics that account for variations in soil conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 205650"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated CO2 mineralization in basalt via reaction process control: Mineralization effect, mineral evolution, and reservoir property implications","authors":"Hengchun Deng,&nbsp;Chunsheng Yu,&nbsp;Qi Jiang,&nbsp;Xiangchao Shi,&nbsp;Xiang Zhou,&nbsp;Xuanqing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lack of effective reaction rate regulation technology in CO₂ sequestration of basalt poses challenges for controlling CO₂-basalt reaction rate.To address this, we propose a method to accelerate basalt CO₂ mineralization by regulating reaction process, introducing HCl and NH₃ as reaction accelerants for the first time. Experimental and numerical simulation methods were employed to investigate the acceleration effects, mineral evolution patterns, and reservoir property changes during the accelerated mineralization process. The results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances mineralization efficiency. Static experiments revealed a 119-fold increase in maximum mineralization capacity (Group B5) with a peak mineralization rate of 56.43 %. Dynamic experiments showed a 101-fold enhancement in mineralization capacity, while three-dimensional numerical simulations indicated a 20-fold acceleration during NH₃ injection.In terms of mineral evolution,the accelerated mineralization process led to a significant increase in the precipitation rates of calcite, dolomite, and magnesite, as well as enhanced dissolution rates of anorthite, diopside, and sanidine. Compared to conventional mineralization methods, the dissolution and precipitation domains of the primary minerals expanded, and the intensity of these reactions was also amplified. Reservoir property analysis revealed reduced pore space and specific surface area post-acceleration, as secondary mineral precipitation dominated over dissolution-induced pore expansion. Numerical simulations demonstrated acid injection promotes pore expansion, while alkaline injection induces contraction. The coupled acid-base interactions led to net porosity reduction, suggesting adjustable acid/alkali ratios to mitigate excessive porosity changes.The basalt CO₂ sequestration process was categorized into three stages: CO₂ carbonation, mineral ionization, and ionic carbonation. Optimizing acidity in Stage II and alkalinity in Stage III significantly enhanced mineralization efficiency. This work provides a strategic framework for developing rapid and secure CO₂ sequestration methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 205648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing hydrogen purification from steel mill off-gas by pressure swing adsorption mediated by activated charcoal containing iron","authors":"Lim Kai Seong ,&nbsp;Ammar Ali Abd ,&nbsp;Bahiya Abdullah Jabbar ,&nbsp;Mohd Roslee Othman","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coke oven gas (COG) is a medium-calorific fuel gas generated in steel production, characterized by its high hydrogen (H₂) content. However, its purity falls short of the 99.97 % threshold required for H₂ fuel applications. This study introduces iron-impregnated magnetic activated charcoal (FeMAC) as a novel adsorbent in a four-step pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system to enhance H₂ purification. The incorporation of ferromagnetic iron onto commercial activated charcoal significantly improved the separation efficiency of H₂, CH₄, and CO₂, demonstrating enhanced adsorption and desorption loading rates. Compared to conventional activated charcoal, FeMAC exhibited superior H₂ purity and recovery, underscoring its potential for systematic optimization toward fuel-grade H₂ production. To investigate the effects of key process parameters, feed H₂ content, adsorption time, and pressure, on H₂ purity and recovery, an Aspen Adsorption dynamic model was developed and validated against breakthrough and PSA experimental data. Optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability function yielded an optimal PSA operating condition, achieving 99.988 % H₂ purity and 67.020 % recovery at a feed H₂ content of 56.826 %, an adsorption time of 60.423 s, and an adsorption pressure of 2.305 bar. These findings highlight FeMAC's efficiency in purifying H₂ from CH₄ and CO₂, demonstrating its potential for achieving stringent H₂ fuel quality standards. The study advances PSA-based H₂ purification technologies, offering a promising pathway for high-purity hydrogen recovery from steel industry off-gases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 205647"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on liquid products and pore structure characteristics of anthracite saturated by supercritical CO2","authors":"Zetian Li ,&nbsp;Weiguo Liang ,&nbsp;Zhigang Li ,&nbsp;Hongguang Guo ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Baisheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yunlong Ma ,&nbsp;Yali Wang ,&nbsp;Xueliang Zhao ,&nbsp;Kyuro Sasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coal reservoir modification technology that utilizes supercritical CO₂ as a fracturing medium has demonstrated remarkable results through its unique physical, mechanical and chemical effects. However, existing research has not yet systematically determined the specific organic chemical reactions or established correlations between these reactions, pore structure evolution, and permeability enhancement. This study employs GC-MS to characterize liquid product composition, characteristics, and conversion mechanism of coal samples with different saturating times by supercritical CO₂. Additionally, it investigates variation patterns of pore volume and specific surface area of coal pore structure through the liquid nitrogen adsorption tests and elucidates the permeability and seepage characteristics after supercritical CO₂ saturation. The results show that hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing organics are almost equally divided in the saturating products of 1-day and 3-day. However, after 5-day and 7-day saturations, hydrocarbons constitute only about 10 % of the saturating products, with the majority being oxygen-containing organics. Furthermore, the physical extraction dominates the increment in the pore volume of macropore after 1-day saturation, the chemical reactions of the organics weaken the construction of macropore, and increase the mesopore space after 3-day saturation. Moreover, the pore volume evolution of mesopore dominates the overall pore volume tendency. The continuous effects of chemical reactions enlarge the micropore space with increasing saturation time, whereas, the evolutions of pore size and pore volume are mainly accomplished through the mutual transformation between mesopores and micropores. The experimental results indicate that supercritical CO₂ tends to penetrate and connect the channels of seepage and migration in the early stage of saturation, and it tends to open the action point of adsorption-displacement-desorption of CO₂ and CH₄ in the later stage of saturation. These research results provide a reliable theoretical basis for the technical micro mechanism of permeability enhancement and reservoir modification using supercritical CO₂ as a fracturing medium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 205645"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid formation of high-energy-density methane hydrates promoted by L-cysteine: A promising approach for solidified natural gas","authors":"Bo Li ,&nbsp;Yuan-Le Li ,&nbsp;Xin-Miao Liu ,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Zhang ,&nbsp;Qing-Cui Wan ,&nbsp;Gui-Cai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of solidified natural gas (SNG) for natural gas storage and transportation has broad commercial prospects. However, the slow hydrate formation rate is a major drawback that must be overcome for this technology. Although surfactants are currently one of the most effective methods to address this issue, the environmental problems associated with their use are unacceptable. Therefore, using environmentally friendly amino acids as substitutes is a promising solution. This report reveals the rapid and efficient formation of high-energy-density methane hydrates using L-cysteine as a kinetic promoter at 275.2 K and 8 MPa. The effects of different cysteine concentrations on methane uptake, kinetics and morphology were investigated. The optimal concentration of L-cysteine as a promoter was found to be 1 wt%, which resulted in 144.98 mmol gas/mol water and allowed 90 % of the maximum methane uptake to be reached within 29 min. The presence of L-cysteine made the hydrate porous, and as the concentration increased, the characteristic morphology transformed from needle-like to vein-like, and finally to cluster-like. Combining this study with previous research, we found that the hydrophobicity of L-cysteine positively influences methane uptake and the formation of porous hydrates. L-cysteine can enrich methane locally by forming hydrophobic areas, thereby enhancing the interaction between methane and water, which promotes the formation of methane hydrate and its porous structure. In addition, we compared the promoting effects of L-cysteine with those of L-threonine, L-arginine, and L-valine, and found that L-cysteine exhibited the best promotional effects in all aspects. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanism by which amino acids promote hydrate formation, thereby opening up possibilities for the commercialization of solidified natural gas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 205638"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring single-atom catalysis for hydrogen evolution and storage: A DFT insight into first-row transition metal-porphyrin complexes (Porph@TMs)","authors":"Faheem Abbas ,&nbsp;Saleem Nawaz Khan ,&nbsp;Sadaf Bibi ,&nbsp;Mariyum Yousaf ,&nbsp;Francis Enujekwu ,&nbsp;Muhammad Salman Khan ,&nbsp;Sami Ullah ,&nbsp;Mohammed Ali Assiri","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have emerged as the potential for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts owing to their unique electronic properties, catalytic efficacy, and efficient atom utilization over the catalyst surface. Controlling SACs' electronic structure and coordination environment may improve their electrocatalytic activity. We use comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) to design a novel Porphyrin-based complex (Porph@TMs) that relies on the first row of transition series (Sc-Zn) for HER and hydrogen storage (HS) usage. We found the highest stable thermodynamics stability for the Porph@Fe catalyst in the binding, cohesive, and formation energies (−12.85, −0.347, and −12.51 eV). Porph@Sc (4.66 eV) catalyst has the lowest FMOs energy gap. Charge transfer from TM to catalyst surface is measured using Porph@ScPorph@Sc's lowest d-band center value (εd) at 0.53 eV catalyst. Higher Bader charge (q) and lower work function (Փ) values indicate significant charge transfer. The Porph@Sc catalyst exhibited a higher Bader charge value (q = 2.5082 e), the smallest work-function (Փ = 3.519 eV), and the lowest chemical hardness (ղ = 2.33 eV) in this study. Our theoretically investigated best HER catalysts, Porph@Sc (ΔG_H∗ = −0.002 eV) and Porph@Mn (ΔG_H∗ = 0.038 eV), exhibit lower Gibbs free energy and better electrocatalytic abilities than the experimentally well-known Pt (111) catalyst at (ΔG_H∗ = −0.09 eV). On evaluating the mechanistic investigation of HER catalysts, we determined that Porph@Co (ΔG_H∗ = 0.08 eV) and Porph@V (ΔG_H∗ = 0.05 eV) demonstrated the lowest ΔG_H∗ for the Volmer-Tafel and Volmer-Heyrovsky reactions, respectively. Furthermore, we investigated the hydrogen storage capacity of the best HER catalysts to evaluate the dual functionality of our newly designed catalysts. We found that Porph@Sc had a stable average adsorption energy of −0.19 eV, with a hydrogen storage capacity of 3.31 wt%. Moreover, we implement Ab initio molecular dynamics (<em>AIMD</em>) simulations at 300K to test our newly discovered optimum catalysts for examining the thermal oscillations and kinetic behavior up to 2000 MD ionic steps. This research enables the development of a low-cost, highly efficient, thermally stable ambient electrocatalyst with excellent hydrogen production and storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 205646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of metal-modified monolithic catalytic packings based on 3D-printing to promote CO2 desorption from the amine solution","authors":"Junfeng Jiang ,&nbsp;Yanchi Jiang ,&nbsp;Ruping Meng ,&nbsp;Zhongxiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Chengdong Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Catalytic CO₂ desorption utilizing solid acid has exhibited substantial potential in reducing energy consumption for amine regeneration in post-combustion processes. In this research, we have successfully fabricated monolithic catalytic packings based on metal-modification, employing 3D printing technology with cost-efficient industrial clay as the raw material. These packings were optimized by incorporating metal modifiers of Mn and Fe to enhance the CO₂ desorption rate of amine solution. Experimental findings indicate that the one-pot synthesis method for these catalytic packings resulted in a 107.32 % increase in CO₂ desorption rate, a 28.93 % enhancement in the total CO₂ desorbed, and a 42.53 % reduction in heat duty. In addition, the catalytic packings showed the same excellent results after catalyzing two mixed amine solutions (MEA + AMP and MEA + MDEA). Moreover, after ten cycles, the relative heat duty of the one-pot modified catalytic packings decreased by a mere 6.45 % and 7.26 %. Such considerable improvement in catalytic performance and stability can be ascribed to a notable increase in specific surface area, reaching up to 70.42 %, along with a significant surge in Brønsted and Lewis acid sites, by up to 190.30 % and 285.96 %. FT-IR spectra showed that the catalytic packing surface contained abundant M-OH and M-O bonds. Furthermore, computer vision analysis revealed that CO₂ bubbles on the surface of the one-pot modified catalytic packings were notably smaller and more uniformly distributed, indicating stable processes of CO₂ detachment and transfer in the liquid bulk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 205642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of CO2 leakage along faults in CCUS: Theories, experiments, and models","authors":"Bin Li ,&nbsp;Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaying Li ,&nbsp;Haimeng Shen ,&nbsp;Chengkai Fan ,&nbsp;Qi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since there have been major issues with the global climate recently, it is critical to cut carbon emissions. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a new technology with the potential for large-scale CO₂ emission reduction. Conducting necessary risk assessments before undertaking CCUS, especially geologic CO₂ storage, is an important measure to reduce risks and ensure project safety. In CCUS projects, CO₂ leakage along faults is one of the most critical leakage paths. This research reviews previous studies on CO₂ leakage along faults in CCUS, systematically summarizing fault characterization and theoretical methods related to leakage. Experiments and numerical simulations pertaining to CO₂ leakage along faults are introduced. The study critically evaluates the current limitations of existing research, identifies possible future research directions and issues, and provides a comprehensive overview of the progress in fault leakage and prevention methods research. The key detection methods for CO₂ leakage include sampling monitoring, deformation monitoring, flux monitoring, and pressure monitoring. The main factors influencing CO₂ leakage are the permeability of faults and their long-term evolution. However, current research has several limitations, including the limited scale of experimental models, insufficient research on fault leakage rates, and the lack of direct field monitoring techniques. Additionally, numerical simulations in current studies are overly simplified. This work offers valuable insights for future research on CO₂ leakage along faults and risk management and highlights the necessity for further investigation into these research gaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 205641"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation effect of multi-scale pores induced by true triaxial supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing in high-rank coal","authors":"Xianglong Wang ,&nbsp;Jienan Pan ,&nbsp;Haichao Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuyun Tang ,&nbsp;Zhenzhi Wang ,&nbsp;Yunbo Li ,&nbsp;Dangyu Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO₂) fracturing can not only promote the fracture propagation of coal reservoir, but also cause significant pore transformation. To investigate this transformation effects of fracturing parameters and stress conditions on the multi-scale pores in coal, a true triaxial ScCO₂ fracturing simulation was carried out, and the pore morphology and structure variations of the micropores (&lt;10 nm), transition pores (10–100 nm), mesopores (100–1000 nm), macropores (1000–10000 nm), and megapores (&gt;10000 nm) in coal after ScCO₂ fracturing were analyzed. The results show that ScCO₂ had no obvious effect on the pore shape, but it reduced the complexity and enhanced the connectivity of the pore structure. After ScCO₂ fracturing, the total volume and specific surface area of the pores increased by 114 % and 385 %, respectively, especially regarding the transformation of the megapores and micropores. The transition pores and macropores experienced a general promotive effect, while obvious propagation and merging occurred in the mesopores. With increasing stress difference, the dominant direction of the pore transformation changed from the direction of the maximum horizontal stress to the direction of the vertical stress. With increasing injection flow, the pore transformation scope increased, but the high stress difference and high injection flow were not conducive to increasing the pore volume. The effective transformation of pores induced by ScCO₂ fracturing can enable the smooth desorption and migration of coalbed methane in the low permeability reservoir, which creates the necessary conditions for its long-term and efficient extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 205644"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the leakage characteristics and flow prediction of freely propagating random fractures in CO2 transportation pipelines","authors":"Yanwei Hu ,&nbsp;Lei Chen ,&nbsp;Zhangao Cao ,&nbsp;Shuai Yu ,&nbsp;Fanfan Qiao ,&nbsp;Zhenxi Liu ,&nbsp;Xingqing Yan ,&nbsp;Jianliang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the risk of pipeline leakage is crucial in the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) process. Attention should be paid to the characteristics of fracture leakage resulting from external force-induced defects in transportation pipelines. Existing experimental and numerical simulation studies generally simplify leak orifices into circular or rectangular shapes, and no research has yet addressed the behavior of freely expanding fractures. A novel experimental setup was developed to investigate the leakage behavior of fractures under CO₂ flow and record the pressure and temperature variations during the leakage process. This paper analyzes the leakage characteristics of three different scales of random fractures and provides a detailed calculation of leakage rates. Results show that the maximum leakage rate through the slit was 11.34 kg/s. Despite the extended leakage duration, the internal fluid temperature within the pipeline remained nearly constant, and the lowest recorded temperature in the leakage zone was only −18.025 °C, indicating minimal leakage risk. The medium-scale fracture posed the greatest low-temperature risk, with an observed leakage zone temperature of −61.834 °C. The full-scale fracture exhibited the greatest high-pressure impact risk based on visible cloud analysis. The lowest internal pipeline temperature was −46.96 °C, which significantly affected the internal temperature of the pipeline. The rapid cooling rate also presented the highest potential risk for low-temperature embrittlement. Comparing experimental leakage volumes to the predictive model, the slit's experimental value was 101.14 kg, the mid-scale fracture was 122.908 kg, and the full-scale fracture was 109.004 kg. The corresponding predicted values were 104.248 kg, with an error of 3.07 %, 126.09 kg with an error of 2.59 %, and 111.542 kg with an error of 2.33 %. Leakage flow rates can compensate for the lack of experimental CO₂ leakage data in classical flow calculation models. In the analysis of the leakage process, the leakage coefficient C_d was derived to be 1.9. The relative errors between experimental and predicted flow rates were found to be 3.07 %, 2.59 %, and 2.33 %, respectively. These small error values provide a basis for calculating leakage flow rates and controlling risk time in CO₂ transportation pipelines where fracture formations occur. The lack of fundamental data on leakage rates from fracture-like orifices has been addressed, contributing to improvements in predictive models. This provides a method to enhance the accuracy of leakage rate predictions in real-world scenarios involving non-circular orifices and offers a scientific basis for understanding the risk characteristics of pipeline fractures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 205640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}