Farming System最新文献

{"title":"Nutrient availability challenges the sustainability of low-input oil palm farming systems","authors":"Damien Marie Essono ,&nbsp;Baruch Batamack Nkoué ,&nbsp;Eric Voundi ,&nbsp;Léon Kono ,&nbsp;Eric Verrecchia ,&nbsp;Jaboury Ghazoul ,&nbsp;Armand William Mala ,&nbsp;Alexandre Buttler ,&nbsp;Thomas Guillaume","doi":"10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The social and economic benefits for smallholders cultivating oil palms are usually associated with environmental degradation and high resource consumption inherent to intensive farming systems. Nonetheless, the extensification of agricultural practices by many smallholders due to limited access to funds, agricultural inputs, or knowledge may result in a more environmental-friendly oil palm production. Here, we assessed the trade-offs between production and soil degradation in two oil palm farming systems established on forested land in the Ngwei region (Cameroon) comparing practices with no (smallholder system, SH) and low (elite system, EL) agricultural inputs (fertilizer, herbicides). Soil characteristics, nutrient deficiencies and oil palm production were determined in forty-two plantations of different age covering one full plantation cycle. The rates of soil organic carbon (SOC) loss were similar in both farming systems (−0.029 ​± ​0.012 ​kg ​C m⁻² yr⁻¹), but soil bulk density and pH were not affected by the forest conversion. Soil available potassium (K) decreased sharply during the first 7.3 ​± ​0.9 years before stabilizing. Potassium fertilization limited leaflet K deficiencies during the immature phase in EL, but was not sufficient to prevent K deficiencies during the production phase, reaching similarly low K nutrition index as in SH (0.68 ​± ​0.13). Oil palm growth was similar in both systems, but fresh fruit bunches (FFB) production was enhanced by 38 ​± ​11% in EL. The nitrogen (N) deficiencies were pronounced in both systems. However, the higher biomass export in EL induced phosphorus depletion in soils and reinforced N depletion as compared to SH. Despite limited soil degradation, nutrient depletion in the agroecosystem threatens the sustainability of these two low-input oil palm farming systems. This calls for optimization, such as a targeted intensification in the EL system and a reduced oil palm density in the SH system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100522,"journal":{"name":"Farming System","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article 100006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50203785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of organic farming for achieving sustainability in agriculture","authors":"Ashoka Gamage ,&nbsp;Ruchira Gangahagedara ,&nbsp;Jeewan Gamage ,&nbsp;Nepali Jayasinghe ,&nbsp;Nathasha Kodikara ,&nbsp;Piumali Suraweera ,&nbsp;Othmane Merah","doi":"10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agriculture and farming have a long history. Agriculture is the main economic structure for many developed and developing countries. The modern agricultural practices affect the environment namely nutrient cycle, soil erosion, carbon sequestration, and many other ecological patterns. Organic farming is influential practice to minimize the environmental and ecological impact of sustainable development. Usage of more organic matters in agricultural practices can reduce the adverse effects on the environment by keep saving its natural cycles on recovery process and organic farming may enhance the food quality too. The organic farming may largely exclude the usage of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, growth hormones and feed additives of livestock activities. A combination of organic farming and new technologies is of utmost importance to reduce the limitations and challenges of organic farming. The innovative methods and new approaches making new trends toward sustainability farming system and enhances the agricultural productivity, and quality of life of many farmers in an environmentally friendly way. In other words, organic farming mirrors the sustainability concepts of Global Agriculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100522,"journal":{"name":"Farming System","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article 100005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50203784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated crop-disease models: New frontiers in systems thinking","authors":"Jamina Bondad ,&nbsp;Matthew Tom Harrison ,&nbsp;Jeremy Whish ,&nbsp;Susan Sprague ,&nbsp;Kara Barry","doi":"10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Impacts of pest and diseases on crop productivity comprise one of the greatest existential threats to food security in the 21^st century. Despite this, crop models have historically adopted an abiotic lens. Here, we reviewed previous methods aimed at modelling effects of pests on crops and revealed a dearth of integrated approaches that account for pest lifecycles. The few integrated models that do exist tend to be empirical constructs that discount yield, with models of underpinning pest dynamics being extremely rare. Interaction between pests and crops has tended towards pest-induced reductions in plant biomass, leaf area, light interception and/or photosynthetic rates of infected plants, rather than biological modelling of the pest lifecycle <em>per se</em>. The use of process-based models that couple the pest-host interactions and capture the resource competition between the two are more suited to understanding the complexity of the farming system. Given that management interventions – such as crop rotation, intercropping, sowing time, nitrogen fertilisation, planting density and insecticide or fungicide use – underpin host colonisation success, we solicit advances in the modelling of management decisions to mitigate and manage pest and disease populations. Such information will become ever more crucial as global temperatures and extreme weather events increase in frequency and disease infestation proliferates. Harnessing this integrated weather-pest-crop-management continuum within farming systems models will improve farm management decisions. We conceptualise a framework using the lifecycle of blackleg disease (<em>Leptosphaeria maculans</em>) as an example; however, our approach could be generically adapted to other crop-pest interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100522,"journal":{"name":"Farming System","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article 100004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50203786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree-based farming systems for improving productivity and ecosystem services in saline environments of dry regions: An overview","authors":"Jagdish Chander Dagar ,&nbsp;Sharda Rani Gupta ,&nbsp;Asha Gaur","doi":"10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Degraded salt-affected lands are reported to occupy 1257 million hectares worldwide, representing about 8.5% of land area in 118 countries along with a large area lying barren in arid and semi-arid regions due to lack of good-quality water for irrigation because of saline underground aquifers. Several long-term field experiments carried out in different countries have shown that combining salt-tolerant multipurpose trees with forage grasses, arable and under-explored crops (including aromatic and medicinal plants) using suitable technologies can contribute to a significant improvement in agricultural production without applying costly amendments in sodic lands and sub-surface drainage systems in saline-waterlogged soils. The objective of this review is to discuss salinity constraints to crop production, technological interventions for the tree–based systems, and site-specific systems for enhancing productivity and ecosystem services. Salt-tolerant multi-purpose trees, grasses, high-value halophytes, and commercial crops provide numerous provisioning services including food, fodder, fuelwood, bio-energy, cash crops, and medicinal plants. Bioamelioration of sodic soils, diversity of AM fungi, nutrient cycling, variable litter decomposition rates, and carbon sequestration contribute to enhanced regulatory services. The AM fungal association with fertiliser trees like <em>Prosopis cineraria</em>, and salt-tolerant grasses of sodic soils enhances nutrient cycling. The soil microbial biomass carbon and soil enzyme activities serve as a good indicator of the bio-amelioration of salty lands. Carbon (C) sequestration rates in trees and mallees in South Australia are reported to be 1.73–3.8 ​Mg ​C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹; C stock in soil (6.839–27.09 ​Mg ​C ha⁻¹) and soil micro-aggregates increased in tree-based systems in north-west India. Soil inorganic C formed 50–78% of total soil C stock in the traditional agroforestry systems in arid regions. The inorganic C stock in semi-reclaimed sodic soil was 157.3 ​Mg ​C ha⁻¹ in a 25-year-old <em>Grevillea robusta</em> plantation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100522,"journal":{"name":"Farming System","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article 100003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50203782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farming systems to return land for nature: It's all about soil health and re-carbonization of the terrestrial biosphere","authors":"Rattan Lal","doi":"10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evolution of agriculture and the attendant increase in food production has increased the world human population from 2 to 20 Million (M) about 8000 BCE to 8 Billion (B) in 2022. The rise in population, along with increase in its demands and growing affluence with as strong impact on planetary processes as any geologic force, has led to the naming of this era as “Anthropocene”. Global land area under agriculture, 1.5 ​B ​ha under cropland and 3.77 ​B ​ha under grazing land and covering ∼40% of Earth's surface under managed ecosystems, has drastically transformed the planet Earth with strong perturbations of the biogeochemical cycling of water, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and other elements and the attendant global warming, soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, decreased renewability and increased eutrophication of water. Thus, returning some land to nature by eco-intensification of agro-ecosystems, would be a prudent strategy to strengthen planetary processes, adapt and mitigate anthropogenic climate change, improve water quality and renewability, strengthen biodiversity, and advance Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations albeit beyond 2030. In addition to reducing food waste and consuming more plant-based diet, adopting appropriate and site-specific farming systems can play an important role in saving land for nature. However, as is the case with other scientific issues, eco-intensification for sparing land is also a debatable issue. Nonetheless, the overall strategy is to “produce more from less” by using nature-positive agriculture which can protect ecologically-sensitive natural vegetation, reverse degradation trends, restore degraded soils and deserted ecosystems, and return ∼50% (2.5 ​B ​ha) of land area used for agriculture in 2020s (∼5 ​B ​ha) to nature by 2100 through adoption of innovative farming systems designed for restoration of soil health and re-carbonization of the terrestrial biosphere.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100522,"journal":{"name":"Farming System","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article 100002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50203774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farming system: A systemic solution to sustainable agricultural development","authors":"Hai-Lin Zhang,&nbsp;Yash Pal Dang,&nbsp;Liling Li","doi":"10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100522,"journal":{"name":"Farming System","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article 100007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50203787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable intensification: A historical perspective on China’s farming system","authors":"Xunhao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A farming system is a comprehensive technology system affecting agricultural production and its long-term development. Efficient farming systems can fully exploit and utilize limited resources, promote the all-round development of agriculture, and ensure the continuous increase of crop production. Here, we reviewed the development stages and characteristics of the farming system research in China, and identified the opportunities and challenges in the future. Since the 1950s, China’s farming system research has experienced three stages: slow starting, boosting, and exploring sustainable development. The latest stage explores ways to combine agricultural intensification and sustainability to satisfy the increasing demands for food and the importance of environmental protection. It is highlighted that the link between intensification and sustainability is not entirely opposition or complementary. Sustainable intensification is a viable farming system that meets China’s present and future needs. To foster a collaborative and mutually beneficial approach, principles of sustainable intensification should be adhered to, i.e., the interaction between intensification and sustainability, strengthening the macro-investment in agriculture, and optimizing the structure and function of the farming system regarding the time and local conditions. Therefore, it is important to coordinate the relationship between intensification and sustainability at an appropriate scale to improve the function of farming systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100522,"journal":{"name":"Farming System","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article 100001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50203783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}