Farming System最新文献

{"title":"Spatial-temporal characteristics of cropland distribution and its landscape fragmentation in China","authors":"Xing Wang,&nbsp;Jia-Qi Hao,&nbsp;Zhen-Zhong Dai,&nbsp;Shahzad Haider,&nbsp;Sen Chang,&nbsp;Zhi-Yuan Zhu,&nbsp;Jia-jia Duan,&nbsp;Guang-Xin Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Analysing China's cropland changes highlights the intertwined dynamics of urbanization, industrialization, and ecological policies, offering insights into cropland efficiency and advancing agricultural modernization. This study analysed China's county-level cropland area and landscape fragmentation from 1990 to 2021 using land use data. The results revealed an uneven cropland distribution in China, which was mainly concentrated in regions such as Northeast China, the North China Plain, the Sichuan Basin, and the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plains, with most cropland occurring north of the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River boundary. In the past three decades, China's cropland area has decreased by 8.68 million ha. Approximately 72.14% of the counties experienced a decline, and 24 provinces reported a net loss. Notably, there was large-scale land use type replacement in China, which was primarily manifested as the spatial displacement of cropland with forest, grassland, and impervious surfaces. As a result, the net reduction in cropland accounted for only 22.24% of the total cropland decrease. From 1990 to 2021, 52.04% of China's county-level cropland exhibited no significant changes in total area (TA) or patch density (PD), maintaining a stable cropland landscape. A total of 20.70% of the counties had significant TA reductions without PD changes, primarily in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Counties without TA changes but significant PD declines represented 11.72%, mainly distributed in transitional zones of the second and third steps of China's terrain, the Loess Plateau, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and some areas of the Southeast Hills. Counties with significant TA reductions and PD increases accounted for 7.79%, primarily found in the border areas between Henan and Anhui, as well as Jiangsu. Thus, whether cropland loss in China over the past 30 years has led to increased fragmentation has shown clear spatial heterogeneity. This study provides scientific support for guiding cropland utilization to enhance sustainability and resilience in China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100522,"journal":{"name":"Farming System","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294991192400008X/pdfft?md5=c80a62664aa0e50ba69c18e53965d661&pid=1-s2.0-S294991192400008X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139503652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversified crop sequencing for suppression of creeping perennial weeds in organic production systems","authors":"Greta Gramig ,&nbsp;Zachary A. Pull ,&nbsp;Patrick M. Carr","doi":"10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the Northern Great Plains, organic production is often limited by creeping perennial weeds. Producers have typically relied on alfalfa to control these weeds but this is not always practical. Therefore, we investigated Canada thistle, field bindweed, and perennial sowthistle suppression from three diversified crop sequences: (i) ALF, three years of alfalfa followed by a fourth year of hard red spring wheat (HRSW); (ii) LENCL, lentil the first year, HRSW interseeded with yellow sweetclover the second year, yellow sweetclover green manure the third year, and HRSW the fourth year; and (iii) CCPLY, nine species cool-season cover crop (CC) polyculture the first year, HRSW the second year, nine-species cool and warm season CC the third year, and HRSW the fourth year. From 2019 to 2021, at peak weed emergence, Canada thistle density declined in ALF, but remained unchanged in LENCL and CCPLY. During peak weed vegetative growth, Canada thistle density in ALF was greatest during 2020 (7 shoots per m⁻²), then declined during 2021 and 2022 (1 and 0.6 shoots m⁻², respectively). Within LENCL, Canada thistle density did not change from 2019 to 2020 (15 and 14 shoots m⁻², respectively), but then declined to 0.3 shoots m-2 in 2021 before rebounding again to 5 shoots m⁻² in 2022. Within CCPLY, Canada thistle density did not change over time (mean ​= ​9 shoots m⁻²). Canada thistle biomass at peak weed vegetative growth followed similar patterns. Likewise, ALF was shown to suppress perennial sowthistle and field bindweed more effectively than LENCL or CCPLY. Hence, alfalfa remains a good choice for creeping perennial weed management. However, none of these weed species increased substantially in LENCL and CCPLY, and the final year HRSW yield did not differ among cropping sequences. Therefore, these two sequences may provide crop diversification options along with creeping perennial weed management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100522,"journal":{"name":"Farming System","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949911923000722/pdfft?md5=bb06b3e22c15e73495ac6a27bb195c52&pid=1-s2.0-S2949911923000722-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138738973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forage yield and nutritive value of summer legumes as affected by row spacing and harvest timing","authors":"Gurjinder S. Baath ,&nbsp;Sayantan Sarkar ,&nbsp;Bala Ram Sapkota ,&nbsp;K. Colton Flynn ,&nbsp;Brian K. Northup ,&nbsp;Prasanna H. Gowda","doi":"10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Winter wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) is an essential, high-quality forage used for grazing stocker cattle from fall to spring in the US Southern Great Plains (SGP). However, the lack of nutritious forages during summers limits grazing by stocker cattle. To fill this quality gap, a short season species capable of producing significant yield and quality of forage is necessary. A two-year experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of three legumes: tepary bean (<em>Phaseolus acutifolius</em> A. Gray), mothbean [<em>Vigna aconitifolia</em> (Jacq.) Marechal], and soybean [<em>Glycine</em> max (L.) Merr.] as a control, at different harvest dates, in response to different row spacing (38 ​cm and 76 ​cm) and moisture levels (rainfed and irrigated). Results showed forage yield by all legumes planted at 38 ​cm spacing (4.5 and 3.9 ​Mg ​ha⁻¹) was higher than at 76 ​cm spacing (3.4 and 2.4 ​Mg ​ha⁻¹) in 2018 and 2019. Soybean was the most productive while mothbean had the highest relative feed value (RFV) in both 2018 and 2019 (160 and 118, respectively). Although soybean produced more forage, mothbean and tepary bean provided high quality forage in terms of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and in-vitro true digestibility (IVTD). The results indicate that no single legume species stands out as the unequivocal leader in delivering both high-quality and abundant forage. Consequently, the choice of which species to utilize should be tailored to the specific forage requirements and management goals. Future research should explore mothbean genotypes to identify cultivars with greater yield potential and develop agronomic practices that effectively utilize those cultivars.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100522,"journal":{"name":"Farming System","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949911923000710/pdfft?md5=f97503f573187723da4f05b43b2f5a68&pid=1-s2.0-S2949911923000710-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138738972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluate the phosphorus application response in potatoes under high phosphorus soil test in Florida","authors":"Amanpreet Kaur Sandhu ,&nbsp;Ayush K. Sharma ,&nbsp;Navdeep Kaur ,&nbsp;Simranpreet K. Sidhu ,&nbsp;Ravinder Singh ,&nbsp;Lincoln Zotarelli ,&nbsp;Kelly Morgan ,&nbsp;Christian Christensen ,&nbsp;Lakesh K. Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phosphorus (P) is an indispensable nutrient for agricultural crops, existing in both organic and inorganic forms within the soil matrix. However, its runoff and leaching could potentially pollute the natural water bodies worldwide through eutrophication. Despite the elevated soil P levels indicated by soil tests, the potato crop necessitates substantial P fertilization due to its relatively superficial root structure and short growth period, particularly when compared to longer-cycle agronomic crops such as corn or cotton. This investigation was designed to assess the response of potato tuber yield and quality to incremental P fertilizer applications during the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. The research was performed in the 2021 growing season across two different agricultural sites at the Hastings Agricultural Extension Center (HAEC), incorporating eight varying rates of Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) (formulation 0-46-0% N–P₂O₅–K), specifically 0, 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, 168, and 224 ​kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹. In the subsequent 2022 season, the study expanded to include three additional sites at HAEC, testing six different TSP levels at 0, 22, 45, 67, 90, and 112 ​kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications was employed throughout the 2021 and 2022 seasons. The cumulative data from 2021 to 2022 indicated that total and marketable yields across all sites increased in response to increasing P rates (p ​&lt; ​0.05), exhibiting a linear trend in most locations. When aggregating data from all sites, a quadratic yield response pattern emerged. In 2021, P uptake was statistically significant, with mean values fluctuating between 18.69 and 45.09 ​kg ​P ha⁻¹. The P application was correlated with enhanced total P removal from the soil, though the specific gravity of the tubers remained unaffected by any level of P application. The study results suggest applying P improves potato yield even if the soil test P falls in the high range.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100522,"journal":{"name":"Farming System","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949911923000692/pdfft?md5=6d3fa6287469af84738fd00ade74bc97&pid=1-s2.0-S2949911923000692-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138489927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumer willingness to pay for pesticide-free food products with different processing degrees: Does additional information on cultivation have an influence?","authors":"Sina Nitzko ,&nbsp;Enno Bahrs ,&nbsp;Achim Spiller","doi":"10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pesticide-free agriculture is an innovative form of land use, characterized by the abandonment of synthetic chemical pesticides and the use of mineral fertilizers. One significant factor in establishing such a land use system is, that consumers are willing to pay for the products it produces. The objective of this study was to assess the willingness to pay for four pesticide-free products (lettuce, wheat flour, soy drink, wheat roll) with different processing degrees using the contingent valuation method. In addition, the extent to which additional information on cultivation as well as socio-demographic characteristics have an influence on the willingness to pay was examined. By means of an online questionnaire, 597 German consumers were surveyed. The analyses show an additional willingness to pay for pesticide-free versus conventional products ranging from 38.3% to 93.7%. When additional information on synthetic chemical pesticide alternatives was given, there was a positive effect on the willingness to pay for unprocessed products and basic processed products that require cooking/preparation. Information on the regional cultivation on the other hand had no direct effect. For the socio-demographic characteristics, only individual effects on the willingness to pay could be proven. The findings indicate the possibility of positioning pesticide-free products in the middle market segment. Implications regarding the relevance of pesticide-free agriculture and food for the food chain actors can be derived from the results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100522,"journal":{"name":"Farming System","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949911923000618/pdfft?md5=f95cc19548186fdf5f3248f01a98008b&pid=1-s2.0-S2949911923000618-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138474613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the carbon footprint in dairy cattle farms in the northern temperate region of Spain","authors":"Gregorio Salcedo Díaz ,&nbsp;Pilar Merino Pereda ,&nbsp;Daniel Salcedo-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The availability of models constitutes a key factor when selecting a decision support tool aimed at improving the production and environmental aspects of farms. There is a need for robust models that are user-friendly, facilitating the estimation of farm emissions and the analysis of their temporal fluctuations. The objectives of this study were i) to calculate both the partial (PCF) and total carbon (TCF) footprints of 212 dairy farms, distinguishing those with and without maize cultivation; ii) to identify critical variables related to feed, nutrition, productivity and environmental efficiency; and iii) to formulate and validate prediction equations based on available data from dairy farms. The database encompasses information from 212 dairy cattle farms situated in the temperate-humid zone of northern Spain, spanning the period from 2014 to 2018. Farm classification was based on the presence (CcMz) or absence (ScCMz) of maize cultivation for silage production, resulting in 96 farms in the CcMz category and 116 farms in the ScCMz category.</p><p>Among the variables considered, the variable herd N-use efficiency (NUE_CR) for (PCF) showed the lowest root mean square error of prediction at 0.39% and the correspondingly lowest root men. The root mean squared percentage error (RMSPE): standard deviation ratio (RSR) at 0.52. In the case of total carbon footprint (TCF), herd N-use efficiency (NUE_CR) again showed the lowest root mean square error of prediction at 0.52%. Regarding TCF, herd feed efficiency (EA_CR) was the variable with the lowest both RMSPE and RSR, with 0.65 and 0.64, respectively. Consequently, the estimation of the PCF and TCF of 1 ​kg of milk from the temperate-humid zone of northern Spain at the farm gate can be feasibly accomplished utilizing NUE_CR and EA_CR, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100522,"journal":{"name":"Farming System","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949911923000606/pdfft?md5=60dc565fafdbdcb13530c973841b2434&pid=1-s2.0-S2949911923000606-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138471731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submergence-tolerant rice varieties and mechanical transplanting for intensification of rice-rice cropping systems in Assam","authors":"Panneerselvam Peramaiyan ,&nbsp;Kanwar Singh ,&nbsp;Rupam Borgohain ,&nbsp;Suryakanta Khandai ,&nbsp;Lisa Mariam Varkey ,&nbsp;Vipin Kumar ,&nbsp;Vivek Kumar ,&nbsp;Kalyan Pathak ,&nbsp;Virendar Kumar ,&nbsp;Sudhanshu Singh ,&nbsp;Ashok Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Virender Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Variable climate resulting in floods, and labor-intensive manual rice transplanting are the major challenges in rice cultivation in Assam, India. Our study aimed to improve rice-rice systems productivity through submergence-tolerant rice varieties (STRVs) and mechanical puddled transplanted rice (MTR). On-farm experiments were conducted in four rice seasons over two years (2018-19 and 2019-20) in 15 districts where rice-rice is the dominant cropping system. We evaluated best management practices (BMPs- a combination of STRVs and MTR) against farmers practice (FP-local popular varieties and manual puddled transplanted rice (PTR)). The study also carried out mixed model to assess the unequal distributions of treatments, 127 sites under BMPs and 392 sites under FP. Our results showed that BMPs increased rice grain yield by 25% (1.11–1.14 ​t ​ha⁻¹) and net margin by 68–90% (290–320 USD ha⁻¹) over FP across the seasons. The BMPs also had less variable cost by 59–67 USD ha⁻¹ compared to FP. The adoption of BMPs in rice-rice system increased the system productivity by 2.25 ​t ​ha⁻¹ and net margin by 610 USD ha⁻¹. We conclude that rice-rice system productivity can be increased by adoption of BMPs in Assam. However, scaling of BMPs requires awareness and access to seeds of submergence-tolerant rice varieties and mechanical transplanters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100522,"journal":{"name":"Farming System","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949911923000709/pdfft?md5=4a2cce2c1854c70f11ded66f83518ca6&pid=1-s2.0-S2949911923000709-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138453630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cropping sequence influenced crop yield, soil water, and soil properties in wheat-camelina cropping system","authors":"Eric Obeng ,&nbsp;Augustine K. Obour ,&nbsp;Nathan O. Nelson ,&nbsp;Ignacio A. Ciampitti ,&nbsp;Donghai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Integrating camelina (<em>Camelina sativa</em> L. Crantz) into wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) -based cropping systems in the Great Plains Region of the United States could improve soil properties and overall system productivity. However, there is little information on crop yields and soil properties in dryland cropping systems with camelina rotation. This study investigated the effect of replacing fallow with camelina on crop yields, soil water content, and soil properties in dryland wheat-based cropping systems in western Kansas, United States, from 2013 to 2017. Treatments were four crop rotations, wheat-fallow (W–F), wheat-sorghum (<em>Sorghum bicolor</em> (L) Moench) -fallow (W–S–F), wheat-camelina (W–C), and wheat-sorghum-camelina (W–S–C) in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results showed sorghum grain yield was unaffected by camelina in the crop rotation. Wheat grain yield was reduced by 15% when camelina replaced fallow in the rotation. Camelina yield was two-fold greater when planted after wheat (W–C) relative to the yield after sorghum (W–S–C). Increasing cropping intensification increased annualized yield compared to W–F. Soil water content was less in intensified crop rotations compared to rotations with fallow. Soil organic carbon varied among crop rotations and was least in W–F (1.4%). The W–S–C rotation had the greatest microbial biomass carbon, while microbial biomass nitrogen was least in W–C regardless of sampling time. Rotations including camelina had greater potentially mineralizable nitrogen. Increasing cropping intensity increased the proportion of larger water stable soil aggregates, while the less intensified system (W–F) had greater proportion of smaller water stable soil aggregates. Our findings suggest adding camelina to wheat-based crop rotations decreased wheat yields, but improved soil properties and increased the overall system productivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100522,"journal":{"name":"Farming System","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949911923000680/pdfft?md5=2ff6f3e51a97ac84272eba10eebc1173&pid=1-s2.0-S2949911923000680-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138396784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Priorities for narrowing the yield gap and increasing farming systems resilience in the Fiji sugar industry","authors":"Elizabeth A. Meier ,&nbsp;Diogenes L. Antille ,&nbsp;Santiago Mahimairaja","doi":"10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sugarcane (<em>Saccharum officinarum</em> L.) is the single most important agricultural industry in Fiji and occupies half of the nation's cropped area while supporting 25% of the labour force. However, the industry is facing comprehensive challenges across the supply chain, underlain by declining productivity and changing climate. The purposes of this study were to: (1) use model simulation to determine the potential of conservation agriculture (CA) practices to narrow yield gaps in sugarcane production systems under historical and projected climates in a case study; (2) identify and rank candidate practices that would contribute to narrowing such yield gaps; and (3) identify the limitations of the modelling approach and make recommendations for improving it. We simulated nine scenarios of CA practices with potential to reduce the estimated yield gap (55 ​Mg ​ha^-1) by increasing nitrogen (N) fertiliser rates (30 ​Mg ​ha⁻¹), liming (25 ​Mg ​ha⁻¹), improved weed control (5–9 ​Mg ​ha⁻¹), replacing uncropped fallow with legume crops (2–3 ​Mg ​ha⁻¹), crop cycle duration (0 ​Mg ​ha⁻¹), and retaining crop residues (−2 ​Mg ​ha⁻¹). The yield benefit of CA practices was similar under projected climates that were warmer and wetter or drier, or hotter and wetter. For a projected climate that was hotter and drier, the greatest yield benefit was obtained from liming, weed control, and retaining crop residues. The study was limited by the availability of daily weather data, and it would be complemented by additional studies incorporating more local crops, evaluation of barriers to mechanisation needed to implement new practices, and economic assessment of scenarios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100522,"journal":{"name":"Farming System","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50192535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing farm profitability and sustainability through integrated farming systems: A case study of coastal Karnataka, India","authors":"Shripad Bhat ,&nbsp;Dinesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Venkatesh Paramesh ,&nbsp;Parveen Kumar ,&nbsp;N. Ravishankar ,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar ,&nbsp;Poonam Kashyap ,&nbsp;V. Arunachalam","doi":"10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>India's west coast region is unique due to the co-existence of abundant natural resources and continuous agricultural production. In this region, arecanut is a dominant crop, but due to many factors such as unstable markets, price fluctuations, diseases, etc., the risk faced by farmers has increased. The integrated farming system (IFS) is a viable option for reducing risks and improving productivity and income while also offering multiple benefits to the farm family. Considering these, we collected data from ten farmers' fields in coastal Karnataka, India for the period 2013–2022, to compare arecanut farming with IFS systems where coconut, nutmeg and banana were intercrops with livestock component. Results indicated that IFS had diverse plant species such as plantation crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, and forest trees offering multiple benefits to the farm families. Various plant species found on the IFS farms were primarily utilized for culinary, ornamental, and religious purposes (benefits worth US$ 421 year⁻¹). The arecanut equivalent yield in IFS farms was consistently and significantly higher during the last ten years. The mean net return derived from IFS farms (US$ 7857) was also significantly higher than the arecanut farming (US$ 3990). Energy budgeting indicated that, in IFS, significantly higher direct and renewable energy and lower indirect and non-renewable energy was utilized. Energy output (192,202 ​MJ ​ha⁻¹), net energy (120,477 ​MJ ​ha⁻¹), energy use efficiency (2.68), and energy profitability (1.68) were significantly higher under the IFS farm compared to the arecanut farming. Employment generation was also significantly higher in IFS (1236.7 mandays year⁻¹) than in control farms (755.2 mandays year⁻¹), especially for female laborers (2.05 times higher). This study concludes that the adoption of IFS helps in enhancing farm profitability and generating employment opportunities while improving energy use efficiency. Considering these benefits, promoting IFS through subsidy and policy support would help in sustainable development of agriculture sector in this region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100522,"journal":{"name":"Farming System","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50192536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}