Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology最新文献

{"title":"Ants are no bees – Gaps in the assessment of relevant exposure routes to pesticides and plant incorporated protectants","authors":"Marius Pohl ,&nbsp;Udo Hommen ,&nbsp;Sebastian Eilebrecht ,&nbsp;Christoph Schäfers ,&nbsp;Jürgen Gadau ,&nbsp;Mathias Otto","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ants (Formicidae) are ubiquitous in terrestrial ecosystems, including agricultural areas and forests. They are important for soil movement, decomposition, nutrient cycling, pollination, predation, scavenging and seed dispersal. Furthermore, they serve as a crucial food source for various wildlife. However, ants are no part of current ecotoxicity testing. Here, we systematically analyze whether and how ants can be exposed to active substances from plant protection products (PPPs) or genetically modified plants (GMPs). Like other arthropods, ants can be exposed via direct contact with PPPs after application, inhalation, uptake of contaminated drinking water or diet. For plant incorporated protectants (PIPs) expressed by GMPs, dietary exposure is the only relevant exposure route. Ants exhibit a diverse dietary spectrum, including plant material, honey dew collection, fungal cultivation, scavenging, and predation. Notably, foraging for dead or weakened arthropods, e.g., treated pest organisms, represents a significant exposure route because such food may be readily available in large amounts after spraying a field. Arthropods, alive or deceased, serve as the dominant protein source for numerous ant species, essential for larval development and the egg production of the queen(s). Consequently, exposure routes, via contaminated food items, can jeopardize entire ant colonies if it reaches the queen. However, effects arising from contaminated prey are not routinely assessed, neither for non-social nor for social insects such as the honey bee, which collects only nectar and pollen and is intensively tested in the assessment of PPPs. We conclude that ecotoxicity testing in ants would fill a gap and support the assessment of biodiversity effects. To achieve this, we recommend further research to explore the exposure of the different castes and developmental stages of ants in greater detail and to develop protocols allowing for ecological risk assessments of PPPs and PIPs via dietary uptake. This comprehensive approach will contribute significantly to our understanding of the potential consequences of PPP and GMP exposure to non-target ants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182624000043/pdfft?md5=861cbcbfe4cdbd5a3105728d2bee8f07&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182624000043-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of cadmium absorption in Suaeda heteroptera roots","authors":"Tianqian Zhang ,&nbsp;Junli Wang ,&nbsp;Yuting Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoru Fan ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Huan Zhao ,&nbsp;Jie He","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heavy metal contaminated soil is a common environmental pollution problem, which has a negative impact. The potential for the phytoremediation has been widely recognized. This study investigated the mechanisms of cadmium (Cd) absorption in <em>Suaeda heteroptera</em> Kitag., a dominant wetland plant in northern China. A hydroponic experiment was carried out to determine the Cd content in <em>S. heteroptera</em> roots after adding ion channel inhibitors and metabolic inhibitors. Furthermore, subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in <em>S. heteroptera</em> were investigated. The results showed that Cd was mainly absorbed by <em>S. heteroptera</em> roots through calcium ion channels. Cd absorption by <em>S. heteroptera</em> roots was closely associated with the P-type ATPase, suggesting that Cd was actively absorbed by <em>S. heteroptera</em> roots. Cell wall precipitation and vacuole compartmentalization were the major mechanisms underlying absorption and tolerance to Cd. Cd in <em>S. heteroptera</em> root system was predominantly bound to proteins, pectinate, and phosphates, thereby reducing its toxicity. However, Cd was transformed into a highly active form and became more toxic at high concentrations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 164-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182624000134/pdfft?md5=1528c7bc7559fd635ab0748df0762ce5&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182624000134-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141134731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioelectricity generation and anodic decolorization of reactive dyes in H-type microbial fuel cell using Pseudomonas gessardii","authors":"Roma Agrahari ,&nbsp;Sangita Karmakar ,&nbsp;Radha Rani","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anodic decolorization of reactive dyes like Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CB), a triphenylmethane dye, Reactive Red 120 (RR 120) and Reactive Black 5 (RB 5), azo dyes, was investigated in a 300-ml H-type dual chamber Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) using monoculture of a novel strain <em>Pseudomonas gessardii</em> DD1. The MFC setups were evaluated for power generation, electrochemical activity, dye decolorizing efficiency, and COD removal efficiency. The study revealed a maximum power density 474.06 mW/m² for RB 5 at 100 ppm concentration with 98.5% dye decolorization, while the maximum COD removal efficiency of 70% ± 2.9 was obtained. Cyclic voltammetry curves indicated the highest peak current of 1.8 mA for MFC operated using RB5. Maximum power density, in case of RR 120 and CB was 262.5 and 225.5 mW/m², with 63 and 65% COD removal, respectively. Efficient power generation and dye removal is seldom reported in the literature, as the electrons generated by exoelectrogens are consumed for dye reduction and subsequent breakdown or decolorization. The findings indicate that the MFC technology can be an easy and economical option for bioelectricity generation using dye-contaminated wastewater with simultaneous detoxification of toxic pollutants and hence sustainable treatment of industrial wastewater.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 216-222"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182624000213/pdfft?md5=2d4c7a989df32fa51275cf27808eb3ff&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182624000213-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141486496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the concentration of heavy metals in sun-dried Engraulicypris sardella (Günther, 1868) in Malawi, a human health risk?","authors":"Kingdom Simfukwe ,&nbsp;Amulike V. Msukwa ,&nbsp;Joseph Mphande ,&nbsp;Oliver J. Hasimuna ,&nbsp;Moses M. Limuwa ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Kaunda","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of trophic cascades have made small-size pelagic fish species, such as <em>Engraulicypris sardella</em>, from Lake Malawi an important ecological and food system. However, human-induced activities can potentially pollute Lake Malawi exposing <em>E. sardella</em> to heavy metals contamination. This could pose a food system health risk to the population of Malawians and neighboring countries, which heavily rely on fish as a source of animal protein. Therefore, this study investigated the concentration levels of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), and Iron (Fe) in sun-dried <em>E. sardella</em> and conducted a health risk assessment associated with its consumption. <em>E. sardella</em> samples were collected from Karonga, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Salima, and Mangochi districts in Malawi between December 2023 and February 2024. The results revealed significant variations in Cd, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe concentrations among the sampled sites while Pb contamination was not detected. The concentrations of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe in <em>E. sardella</em> were within acceptable consumption limits set by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2012. However, the fish's average Cd levels (0.17 mg kg⁻¹ ww) were slightly above the recommended threshold of 0.1 mg kg⁻¹ ww by FAO/WHO (2012) but remained below the limit of 0.5 mg kg⁻¹ ww set by FAO in 1983. Furthermore, none of the analyzed heavy metals posed a health risk effect to people. Therefore, there is a need for regular monitoring of heavy metal concentrations in <em>E. sardella</em> and other mostly consumed fish species from Lake Malawi, both fresh and processed, for a sustained guarantee of the safety of the fish consumers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 354-362"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182624000328/pdfft?md5=33209dd290d21f22bd4727d59f72e450&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182624000328-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tire-wear particle leachate at environmentally relevant concentrations exert a hepatotoxic impact on the black-spotted frog by disrupting the gut–liver axis","authors":"Zhiquan Liu ,&nbsp;Hongmei Yang ,&nbsp;Yinan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongjian Shao ,&nbsp;Shuangqing Hu ,&nbsp;Hangjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Genxiang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As global surface water pollutants, tire-wear particles (TWPs) are increasingly concerning, with TWP leachate hepatotoxicity poorly understood. In this study, based on environmental TWP concentrations, TWP leachate exposure (0, 0.0005, 0.005, 0.05, and 0.5 mg/mL) in black-spotted frogs was investigated over a 21 day period. TWP leachates at realistic environmental levels disturbed intestinal microbiome homeostasis, which manifested as decreased and increased <em>Chloroflexi</em> and <em>Proteobacteria</em> abundance, respectively, and elevated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in plasma. Also, the content of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, the binding site of LPS, was increased, and downstream LPS immune pathways, such as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-nuclear factor (NF)-κB (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling, were activated. Subsequently, inflammation reactions, oxidative damage, and histopathology were affected in liver samples. These results shed new light on the potential mechanisms underpinning TWP leachate-associated liver injury via the gut–liver axis, and contribute to a better understanding of emerging TWP ecotoxicology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 380-389"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182624000341/pdfft?md5=35b7e16cc910fd7a9a2eed12bd819141&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182624000341-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method for the determination of 60 liquid crystal monomers in biotic and abiotic samples","authors":"Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Wen-Long Li ,&nbsp;Zhong-Min Li ,&nbsp;Kurunthachalam Kannan","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are synthetic organic chemicals widely used in the manufacture of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) of digital electronic devices. As human interactions with digital electronics such as computers and smartphones intensify, exposure to LCMs is a public health concern. Nevertheless, there is limited research on the occurrence of LCMs in biological and non-biological matrices. We developed a method to determine 60 LCMs in electronic-waste panels (i.e., computer monitors), indoor dust, feces, and urine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Solid matrices (i.e., dust and feces) were extracted using a solid-liquid extraction (SLE) procedure whereas liquid matrices (i.e., urine) were extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE). Indoor dust and feces extracts were purified by passage through silica gel packed gravity columns. The method limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were in the ranges of 0.05–13.0 and 0.18–39.1 ng/mL, respectively. Recoveries of all target analytes fortified at concentrations of 10 and 100 ng/mL on LCD panels, dust, feces, and urine were in the range of 71–130%, with standard deviations of 0.01–33%. Repeated analyses of similarly fortified samples yielded intra-day and inter-day variations (CV) of 0.32–12.6% and 0.76–14.3%, respectively. Matrix effects, calculated from fortified matrices, ranged from −28.5% to 28.5%. The method was applied in the analysis of LCD panels, indoor dust, dog feces and urine, which were found to contain 22, 42, 46, and 18 of the 60 targeted LCMs, respectively. LCMs were found in LCD panels (∑LCM = 1780 ± 165 ng/cm² for desktop computer monitors; and 166,900 ± 80,100 ng/cm² for smartphone screens), indoor dust (∑LCM = 2030 ± 1260 ng/g), dog feces (∑LCM = 1990 ± 2000 ng/g dw), and urine (∑LCM = 24.0 ± 14.6 ng/mL). The developed method can be applied in the analysis of LCMs in a wide range of environmental and biological samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 51-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182624000031/pdfft?md5=1c47e8b823bf35c65ff6b7647617e95e&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182624000031-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139718426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxicity of microplastic wastes and their sustainable management: A review","authors":"Akankshya Das,&nbsp;Smiti Kana Ray,&nbsp;Madhusmita Mohanty,&nbsp;Jyotirmayee Mohanty,&nbsp;Sudeshna Dey,&nbsp;Alok Prasad Das","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Environmental Pollution due to the unprecedented inundation of microplastics (MPs) released from various sources is a major concern for most of the environmental &amp; material scientists in today's world. Millions of tons of microplastics are produced each year and alarmingly enter the environment and up to 14 million tons of plastic waste are thought to enter into the ocean annually. The precarious results of it show a paramount imbalance in the natural ecosystem of many living beings. Such a devastating and toxic effect on our surroundings requires a long-lasting solution to safeguard its inhabitants. Additionally, studies have shown that MPs are consumed by a variety of organisms. It is precisely the combination of ingestion and chemical interaction that lends support to the idea that MPs could potentially influence the availability and harmfulness of both naturally occurring and externally introduced co-contaminants. Microbial remediation principally by bacterial and fungal populations has been an emerging trend for improving the microplastic pollution from the environment. This review paper delves into the ecotoxicological effects of microplastic pollutants on the environment and various microbial remediation technologies used by microorganisms for the degradation. It has been proven to be a key advancement as an environmentally friendly way of decomposing MPs than that of the traditional one. Plastic degradation and bioremediation potential of these microorganisms has aroused the interest of many, in eliminating the non-biodegradable plastics from the surroundings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 144-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182624000110/pdfft?md5=787ed3f7131ad76e4b48e0997ed9e3fd&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182624000110-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140952088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioremediation of heavy metals-contaminated sites by microbial extracellular polymeric substances – A critical view","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heavy metal (HM) contamination in the atmosphere poses substantial threats to ecosystems. Traditional methods for the removal of HM-contaminated sites, such as physical and chemical treatments, often have limitations in terms of efficiency, cost, and potential negative impacts on the environment. As a result, there is growing interest in exploring alternative and sustainable approaches, such as bioremediation. Bioremediation is a promising technology that utilizes the inherent abilities of microorganisms to degrade or transform pollutants into less harmful forms. Microbial exopolysaccharides have gained attention as potential tools in bioremediation strategies due to their unique physicochemical properties and their ability to interact with heavy metals. This work aims to provide an overview of the role of microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the bioremediation of HM-contaminated sites. First, the mechanisms by which EPS facilitates heavy metal sequestration are discussed. EPS can form metal-complexing agents, such as chelators and ion-binding sites, which enhance the immobilization and precipitation of heavy metals, reducing their bioavailability and toxicity. EPS can act as a protective barrier, shielding microorganisms from heavy metal stress and facilitating their survival and growth. Additionally, EPS production can be induced or enhanced in response to heavy metal exposure, potentially increasing the efficiency of bioremediation processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 408-421"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182624000109/pdfft?md5=9d5d88902dbb019e7b28df3b0368be7c&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182624000109-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141029152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive overview of methods involved in nanomaterial production and waste disposal from research labs and industries and existing regulatory guidelines for handling engineered nanomaterials","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanomaterials (NMs) have acquired a place of prominence in scientific innovations due to their unique and tunable physicochemical properties. This versatility enables them to be employed in multitude of applications. Nano/ nanobiotechnology, consequently, has become a very research intensive field over past few years and accordingly, there has been a noticeable increase in nano enabled products in the market. Downsides of this, however has started catching everyone's attention recently as overuse of these particles from research labs to industries to consumer products, without proper care and caution has exposed both the workers and consumers to unknown risks and hazards. For one, it is important to understand that properties of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are entirely different from bulk counterparts and hence cannot be compared. Secondly, there are few unanimous guidelines on handling, safe exposure limits and disposal methods for a worker. Consumers, similarly, are unaware of the long term exposure effects of these materials. This is because long term risk assessments studies are either underway or absent. While there is an existing regulatory framework and legislation in various countries now, there is still a need of stricter, more explicit guidelines for handling these materials. Elaborate risk assessment framework and stronger government regulations are necessary to fully comprehend the behavior of nanoparticles and their interaction with biological system and environmental matrices. This review article brings together an overview of production strategies, sources of nanowaste generation, disposal strategies and regulatory framework in place to handle ENMs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 269-282"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182624000195/pdfft?md5=ed73094c11295c976959a5e32fcf3768&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182624000195-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141411229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agar-gelatin-derived hydrogel-based controlled delivery devices for linuron herbicide to prevent environmental hazards","authors":"Jasvir Singh,&nbsp;Baljit Singh,&nbsp;Vishavnath","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Innovation in agriculture chemicals and delivery systems is essential for the production of food for sustainable development. Herein, natural polymers and agar-gelatin-derived controlled delivery devices for linuron herbicide to prevent environmental and health hazards. These hydrogels were designed by the <em>graft</em>-copolymerization reaction of poly(methacrylamide) [poly(MAAm)] on agar-gelatin for use as controlled-release formulations (CRF). Copolymers were characterized by Copolymers were characterized scanning electron micrographs (SEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and thermogravimetric analysis -differential thermogravimetry (TGA-DTG) techniques. SEM shows the uneven surface morphology, and AFM showed a rough surface with an average roughness value of 137.50 nm in the polymeric matrix. The amorphous nature of the polymer was confirmed with XRD techniques. Grafting of the poly(MAAm) on the agar and gelatin was confirmed by FTIR and ¹³C NMR spectra. Agar-gelatin-cl-poly(MAAm) hydrogels absorbed water at 4.05 ± 0.32 g per gram, which is useful for soil water retention. Release of the linuron herbicide occurred in a controlled manner during 72 h of observations and followed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The slow release of the linuron from the hydrogel is a useful observation for preventing leaching and evaporation loss of herbicide. In the soil column, the release of linuron occurred in a slow and sustained manner for 240 h. A soil adsorption study showed a decrease in ground water ubiquity score (GUS) for linuron-encapsulated hydrogel as compared to commercial formulations. It can reduce groundwater contamination risk due to the leaching of the linuron herbicide. Degradation of CRF may improve micronutrient and soil quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 153-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182624000146/pdfft?md5=c8250569e626933ab0d85e41460ec746&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182624000146-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}