Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology最新文献

{"title":"A review of properties, production, human exposure, biomonitoring, toxicity, and regulation of bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers and novolac glycidyl ethers","authors":"Jingchuan Xue ,&nbsp;Yuxian Liu ,&nbsp;Danlin Yang ,&nbsp;Yanan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yanpeng Cai ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Kurunthachalam Kannan","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2022.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2022.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although numerous studies have investigated environmental occurrence, human exposure, and toxic effects of bisphenol analogues including bisphenol A (BPA), little is known about closely related chemical classes namely, bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers (BADGEs) and novolac glycidyl ethers (NOGEs), which are widely used in a variety of industrial and consumer products. In this review, we compiled available information on production and usage, analytical challenges, dietary and non-dietary sources of exposure, occurrence in human and environmental matrices, toxicity, and regulations on BADGEs and NOGEs. Human exposure to BADGEs and NOGEs is widespread, with exposure doses in the range of several hundreds of nanograms (ng) to few micrograms (μg) per kilogram (kg) body weight (bw) per day (d) from diet and &lt;10 ng/kg bw/d from inhalation of indoor air and indoor dust ingestion. Canned foods and beverages contain BADGEs and NOGEs at concentrations on the order of several tens to hundreds of nanogram (ng) per g and in some cases up to several thousand ng per g. The highest reported concentration of BADGEs thus far was in canned fish at 12.6 mg/kg. In indoor dust samples, a BADGE concentration of up to 63.2 mg/kg was reported. Among five derivatives of BADGEs analyzed in several studies, BADGE·2H₂O and BADGE·HCl·H₂O were predominant in indoor dust and environmental samples. In human adipose tissue, a concentration of up to 4500 ng/g bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), a building block of NOGE, was reported. The epoxide moieties of BADGEs and NOGEs impart high reactivity of these chemicals, which exhibit toxicity through endocrine disruption, reproductive effects and genotoxicity. Formation of adducts/conjugates and reaction products of BADGEs with DNA and protein was reported, although little is known about the magnitude of their occurrence and toxicity. Regulatory framework for these chemicals is mainly focused on migration limits in canned foods. Despite their high production and widespread usage, studies on environmental transport, toxicity and fate are still limited and further studies should focus on adducts/biotransformation products, toxicological mechanisms, as well as ecological and human health risks of BADGEs and NOGEs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 216-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259018262200025X/pdfft?md5=41b5f563857768f0d00f98984d5a8475&pid=1-s2.0-S259018262200025X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73833731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative stress response to hydrogen peroxide exposure of Mytilus galloprovincialis and Ruditapes philippinarum: Reduced embryogenesis success and altered biochemical response of sentinel marine bivalve species","authors":"Md Rushna Alam ,&nbsp;Friday O. Ehiguese ,&nbsp;Dyana Vitale ,&nbsp;M. Laura Martín-Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2022.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2022.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The elevated concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) due to natural and anthropogenic causes is a significant bane to marine and coastal organisms, as it has a prolonged half-life and can inject across lipid bilayers and interfere with aquatic redox processes. The present assessment aimed to determine the acute effect of H₂O₂ on larval development of the Mediterranean mussel <em>Mytilus galloprovincialis</em> and to observe the oxidative stress (OS) responses, including genotoxicity and neurotoxicity in the clam <em>Ruditapes philippinarum.</em> Two experiments were performed, in which (a) mussel embryos were exposed to the consecutive dilution (0.0, 0.05, 0.5, 5.0, 50.0 and 500.00 μM) of H₂O₂ for 48 h and (b) adult clams were exposed to similar concentrations - of this reactive oxygen species (ROS) for 21 days. Incremental H₂O₂ significantly retarded the growth of mussel larvae; the percentage of malformed larvae increased with increasing toxicant concentration (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01, and <em>r</em> = 0.884). H₂O₂ also induced oxidative stress (OS) in clams, indicated by the activation/inactivation of antioxidant enzymes (GST, GPx, and GR) with a significant rise in lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the digestive gland tissues of the clams (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). No genotoxicity or neurotoxicity on <em>R. philippinarum</em> were evident after chronic exposure. The battery of responses (organismal and cellular parameters) showed embryotoxicity and sublethal effects on bivalves, which confirmed their suitability for assessing the effect of H₂O₂ mediated OS responses in the marine environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182622000029/pdfft?md5=8efc327e2b0e599355d9aa630dfb7343&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182622000029-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78923385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the level of contamination of metals in surface soils at thermal power area: Evidence from developing country (India)","authors":"Somnath Mandal ,&nbsp;Subhasis Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Suman Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2021.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2021.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations and contamination level of heavy metals and metalloid (i.e., Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Pb and As) in sediment samples taken from a thermal power station's 5 km buffer area (Bandel thermal power station-BTPS) in West Bengal, India. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the presence of heavy metals in soil samples. Heavy metal and metalloid concentrations such as Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Pb and As were studied using various contamination and pollution-related indexes such as geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor, contamination factor, contamination degree, modified degree of contamination index, and pollution load index, and spatial distribution was presented using interpolation technique. An ecological risk index for all metals and a forecasted ecological risk index are also used to investigate the impact of heavy metals on biological elements in the soil. ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test were among the multivariate statistical procedures used. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to estimate the spatial similarity of sample locations, and Pearson's correlation was used to determine the relationship between different metal concentrations and soil physico-chemical parameters. Almost all of the sample sites had soils of very good to medium quality, according to the study. All heavy metals at this research site, with the exception of arsenic and lead, behave as plant micronutrients. Furthermore, no heavy metal band, with the exception of As, had a consistent concentration. Almost all of the sampling locations had extremely low to very low levels of pollution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 37-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182621000333/pdfft?md5=65ba624ce51d8a4b7347f37ff69ae4f8&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182621000333-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82811380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air quality and management in petroleum refining industry: A review","authors":"Festus M. Adebiyi","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2022.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2022.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Among the fossil fuels, petroleum is more valuable to several businesses due to the production of extensive assortments of finished products, making it a pivot natural resource in the development of the world's economic system via energy usage which are 32% for Europe and Asia, Middle East (53%), South and Central America (44%), Africa (41%), and North America (40%). The most apparent air pollution impediments of the petroleum industry are concentrated in its refining segment. Various pollutants are discharged from different phases of the petroleum refining process. This article intends at publicising dispersed information and also close the knowledge gap in the area. It offers an update on processes involved in petroleum refining, air pollution sources, impacts, reviews on findings, and highlights from different scientific reports on air quality and management. It is paramount that establishing as well as imposing environmental protocols in the petroleum refining industry are crucial for controlling air pollution to protect flora and fauna including human beings. Moreso, the ambient air quality should be managed methodically in developing countries where increased energy demands, industrialization, and overpopulation is leading to increased emissions and reduced air value.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 89-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182622000030/pdfft?md5=d6b675493cd669c6b95efbec74b4adb6&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182622000030-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137421973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of sub-lethal concentrations of glyphosate on growth and haematology of African catfish under aquatic ecological micro-climate","authors":"Udume Bethel Uchenna ,&nbsp;Anyaele Uka ,&nbsp;Ota Henry Obiahu","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2022.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2022.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The impact of sub-lethal concentrations of glyphosate (Isopropylamine salt - H₂NCH(CH₃)₂) an active ingredient in <em>Roundup®</em> herbicides on growth and haematology of African catfish (<em>Clarias gariepinus)</em> were evaluated under aquatic ecological envirornment. Uncontrolled discharge of glyphosate from agricultural farm land to aquaculture facilities necessitated the study. Sub-lethal concentrations 0.30 mg/l, 0.50 mg/l, 0.70 mg/l and 1.40 mg/l were established after series of range finding tests. Weight (g) and length measurement (cm) were taken on biweekly basis to monitor growth. Behavioural responses to treatment during the range finding tests includes: erratic swimming, loss of balance, mucous secretion, discolouration, hanging on water surface and inactivity. Blood parameters analyzed were Red Blood Cell (RBC), Haemoglobin content (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), White Blood Cell (WBC), Platelet (PLT), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC). Automated haematology analyser was used to determine the blood parameters. The physico-chemical parameters monitored were temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen and Electrical Conductivity. Thermometer, pH meter, dissolved oxygen meter and Electrical conductivity meter respectively were used. The findings of the study demonstrated that exposure for 60 days to the herbicide “glyphosate” at sub-lethal doses of 0.30 mg/l, 0.50 mg/l, 0.70 mg/l and 1.40 mg/l were toxic to <em>Clarias gariepinus</em> and this toxicants were dose-dependent.There was significant difference (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in growth among the treatments. The best growth was recorded in the control (0.00 mg/l) while poorest growth was recorded in 1.40 mg/l. The findings in this study showed that 0.30 mg/l to 1.40 mg/l of the toxicants were harmful to <em>Clarias gariepinus.</em> The report therefore recommended examination of lower concentrations (&lt;0.30 mg/l) in future study to establish the limit beyond which glyphosate should not be allowed in aquaculture system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 164-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182622000108/pdfft?md5=c84faf73d9db2ce4dd5e1b8ea06375bf&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182622000108-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136479830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace elements in fish species: Schizothorax richardsonii, Salmo trutta and Neolissochilus hexagonolepis in relation to sizes and tissues of Punatsang Chhu","authors":"Sonam Tashi ,&nbsp;Dhan Bdr. Gurung ,&nbsp;Ugyen Dorji ,&nbsp;Karma Wangchuk","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2022.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2022.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Three fish species (<em>Schizothorax richardsonii, Salmo trutta</em> and <em>Neolissochilus hexagonolepis</em>) were collected from Punatsang Chhu river and sample tissues of muscles and gills were analyzed for Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr and Zn using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for each species grouped elements with higher concentration in gills compared to muscle tissues. The Man-Whitney test revealed significant difference between tissues sources and concentrations of Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Fe, K, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr and Zn in <em>S. richardsonii</em>, Al, Ba, Co, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Sr and Zn in <em>S. trutta</em> and Al, Ba, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mn, Sr and Zn in <em>N. hexagonolepis.</em> The Kruskal-Wallis test for inter-species variation revealed significant difference in concentration of As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn in muscle tissues and Ba, Cr, Cu, Mn, Sr and Zn concentrations in gills of three species. Spearman correlation between levels of elements and fish size (weight and length) revealed positive and negative relationships for concentrations of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn and concentrations of Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Fe, K, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr and Zn respectively, both at <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001 and <em>p</em> &lt; 0.005.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 78-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182622000017/pdfft?md5=685e8db592622a4f734ba6fd91dd8052&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182622000017-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136479874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leptodactylus macrosternum (Anura: Leptodactylidae) as a bioindicator of potentially toxic chemical elements in irrigated perimeters in northeastern Brazil","authors":"Roberta da Rocha Braga ,&nbsp;Patrícia de Menezes Gondim ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Mendes Pereira ,&nbsp;Bruno Lemos Batista ,&nbsp;Eliana Reiko Matushima","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2022.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2022.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biomonitoring programs have developed in the last decades, including the toxicity evaluation of endemic organisms in populations from polluted areas. Environmental bioindicators respond to contaminants as predictors of future damage to their population, ecosystem and human. Amphibian are considered very sensitive contamination bioindicators. Researchers in several continents have conducted ecological studies on the accumulation of potentially toxic elements in anuran tissues, especially in mining and agriculture areas. The Jaguaribe River is an important water source in northeastern Brazil, home of agriculture irrigated perimeters; but it also concerns users for increasing the risks of environmental contamination. The objective of this work was to quantify potentially toxic elements in <em>Leptodactylus macrosternum</em> carcasses<em>,</em> evaluating its potential as a contamination bioindicator of agrosystem areas in the Lower Jaguaribe River basin, Ceará, northeastern Brazil. The elements As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were detected in the L. <em>macrosternum</em> carcasses' samples. There was no significant difference in the concentrations of detected metals by area status; however, analysis of variance suggested that individuals had more constant exposure to Cu, Ni, Cd and Pb in cultivated area status. The cluster analysis of chemicals indicated two optimal element groups, which proposed different compounds from diverse origins. Body index significantly influenced Mn and Pb, while sex influenced Fe and Pb accumulation. The results suggested that the L. <em>macrosternum</em> species is a conceivable local bioindicator for environmental potentially toxic elements. However, other tissues will be tested to improve their sensitivity and validate their capacity to be employed as a biomonitoring tool.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 124-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182622000066/pdfft?md5=bd58902b261941d590ade6ba11a839dd&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182622000066-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136479824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health status monitoring of Mystus cavasius through histological aberrations of liver and kidney due to the deterioration of water Physico-chemical parameters in Surma River","authors":"Md Abdul Karim ,&nbsp;Md. Fazle Rohani ,&nbsp;A K M Munzurul Hasan ,&nbsp;Farhabun Binte Farhad ,&nbsp;M.M. Mahbub Alam ,&nbsp;Sarker Mohammed Ibrahim Khalil ,&nbsp;S.M. Majharul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2022.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2022.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water pollution is a threat to aquatic organisms, including fish, and is a global concern for aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. This study evaluates the effect of waterborne pollutants on Gangetic Mystus <em>(Mystus cavasius)</em> collected from the Surma River, Bangladesh between April 2018 to March 2019. Histomorphological studies of liver and kidney were carried out on 10 individual species collected at each of four sampling sites and one control site. Water quality parameters were also recorded at each site. We observed several histological alterations in the liver, including hemorrhage, pyknosis, necrosis, vacuolation, lipid droplet, nuclear alterations, and hepatocyte hypertrophy. In the kidney, the histopathological alterations included vacuolation, necrosis, hemorrhage, degeneration of glomerular tubule, dilation of Bowman's space and blood congestion. Temperature fluctuated between 19.7 ± 1.57 °C and 32.3 ± 1.74 °C, dissolved oxygen at the surface ranged from 4.15 ± 0.31 to 5.15 ± 0.35 ppm, pH ranged from 7.42 ± 0.33 to 6.50 ± 0.12, nitrite ranged from 0.022 ± 0.21 to 0.817 ± 0.02 mg/l, ammonia ranged from 0.70 ± 0.11 to 0.16 ± 0.19 mg/l and alkalinity ranged from 109.41 ± 0.02 to 14.32 ± 0.20 mg/l during the time frame of the study. Water quality parameters could not found the suitable range from November to February. The main aim of the present investigation revealed that histopathological changes of liver and kidney of Gangetic Mystus appeared to be a useful biomarker to assess the impact of toxicity of water pollution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 148-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259018262200008X/pdfft?md5=cae408050b513c3e783b16a8b2151d80&pid=1-s2.0-S259018262200008X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85871267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel aluminium (hydr) oxide-functionalized activated carbon derived from Raffia palm (Raphia hookeri) shells: Augmentation of its adsorptive properties for efficient fluoride uptake in aqueous media","authors":"Raphael T. Iwar ,&nbsp;Oliver T. Iorhemen ,&nbsp;Kola' Ogedengbe ,&nbsp;Kamil Kayode Katibi","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2021.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2021.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study a novel activated carbon derived from Raffia palm shells was synthesized firstly by activating the precursor with phosphoric acid to produce Raffia Palm Shell Activated Carbon (RPSAC) and further functionalized by coating its surface with aluminium hydroxide to produce a composite called Aluminium Oxide-coated Raffia Palm Shell Activated Carbon (ACRPSAC). These adsorbents were extensively characterized and tested for fluoride adsorption in aqueous media using batch adsorption experiment in comparison with a commercially available activated carbon (CAC). ACRPSAC demonstrated excellent qualities and fluoride adsorption capacity as compared to RPSAC. SEM/EDX revealed that ACRPSAC developed both micro and meso-pores on its surface with BET-surface area and pore volume of 715.80 m²/g and 0.47 cm³/g respectively. FTIR and XRD proved that ACRPSAC was largely amorphous and had sufficient functionality for fluoride uptake in solution. Batch adsorption studies showed that the fluoride removal abilities were in the order of ACRPSAC &gt; RPSAC &gt; CAC with maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of 4.10 &gt; 2.26 &gt; 2.24 mg/g. respectively. The experimental data was well described by the Langmuir (R² = 0.8802–0.9751) and the pseudo-second order kinetic (R² = 0.9974–0.9999) models, signifying that fluoride uptake by the adsorbents was a chemisorption process. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the process was spontaneous, endothermic and feasible for ACRPSAC and RPSAC but was non-spontaneous for CAC. It was concluded that ACRPSAC is an excellent activated carbon for eliminating fluoride from groundwater and can be further studied for its commercialization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 142-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.enceco.2021.03.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"96607891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of metal free g-C3N4 reinforced graphene oxide bio-composite for the removal of persistent dyes","authors":"E. Jackcina Stobel Christy,&nbsp;Anitha Pius","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2021.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2021.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Graphitic carbon nitride/graphene oxide (g-C₃N₄@GO/ Carboxy methylcellulose) based bio-composite was prepared, characterized and tested for the degradation of toxic dyes. Cellulose was extracted from coconut coir/spathe through acid hydrolysis and ultrasonication method. Followed by modification using the carboxymethylation process and subsequently loaded with graphene oxide and g-C₃N₄. The prepared carboxy methylcellulose (CMC), g-C₃N₄@GO, g-C₃N₄@GO/CMC biocomposite were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The photocatalytic activity of synthesized biocomposite was investigated for the degradation of basic green 4 (BG 4) and basic blue 9 (BB 9) dyes from aqueous solution using batch experiments under sunlight irradiation. The percentage of degradation of BG4 and BB9 was 94 and 98% under sunlight irradiation for 60 and 50 min in basic medium respectively. The photodegradation process is well described by the Langmuir- Hinshelwood and pseudo-first-order kinetic models. From the active species trapping experiment, it was found that the hole (h⁺), superoxide radical (O₂^·−), and hydroxyl radical (OH^.) played a significant role in the degradation of dyes and a possible degradation path is discussed with the results obtained from LC-MS. Moreover, the biocomposite showed higher stability and reusability for the degradation of dyes upto five cycles. Thus, the prepared g-C₃N₄@GO/CMC biocomposite can serve as a sustianable material in the current scenario for removing dyes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 220-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.enceco.2021.06.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83789890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}